scholarly journals Possible Role for Imagery-Based Therapy in Managing PTSD in Pakistani Women Experiencing Domestic Abuse: A Pilot Study Using Eidetic Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2478
Author(s):  
Mehwish Kamran Ehsan ◽  
David L. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Abuse ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Verbal Skills ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Type Of Abuse ◽  
Treatment Gains ◽  
Treatment Predictors

Domestic abuse of women is a serious problem worldwide that has economic, physical, and psychological consequences, yet in many countries and cultures, victims often have little access to psychological support. Using a pre-post design, we investigated the effects of psychological intervention using an imagery-based therapy in women showing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) resulting from spousal domestic abuse. Forty women, referred from outpatient clinics in Pakistan and meeting inclusion criteria, underwent individual trauma counseling for 10–12 weeks using the principles of Eidetic Therapy, an imagery-based therapy that circumvents heavy reliance on verbal skills and narratives. Women showed significant reductions in PTSD by the end of treatment. Predictors of treatment gains included type of abuse, PTSD level at the outset of therapy, and years in the relationship. Neither economic resources or literacy, nor abuser or victim characteristics, predicted the amount of improvement. In conclusion, therapy was associated with a reduction in PTSD symptoms regardless of literacy level of participants. This reduction in PTSD was notable because, unlike many situations involving spousal abuse, these women were generally not in a position to leave their relationship, and hence the women might have experienced continued exposure to abuse. Context/cultural-based explanations for these findings are presented and discussed.

Reproductive and Mental Health during Natural Disaster

2015 ◽  
pp. 265-291
Author(s):  
Jasim Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

With the ever-increasing number of natural disasters, it is important to understand the impact on the health and wellbeing of survivors, especially women. The reproductive and mental health of women contributes significantly to their overall wellbeing. The Chapter gives an overview of natural disasters with an emphasis on consequences of earthquakes of health and wellbeing of the survivors. It includes a critical review of published studies on psychological trauma and reproductive health following earthquake disasters. Among the psychological consequences of earthquakes, this chapter describes post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety. The last section of this chapter reviewed reproductive health in relation to the mental health consequences following natural disasters.

Reactions to stressful experiences

2017 ◽  
pp. 135-160
Author(s):  
Paul Harrison ◽  
Philip Cowen ◽  
Tom Burns ◽  
Mina Fazel
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Stressful Experiences ◽  
Refugee Experience ◽  
Coping Patterns

‘Reactions to stressful experiences’ covers emotional and physiological elements of the response to stress and the way in which maladaptive coping patterns and inappropriate defence mechanisms can lead to clinical disorders. Stress reactions are often short-lived and respond to support from friends and family. However, particularly severe stresses can lead to the condition of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), an important source of morbidity and disability, whose clinical features, psychology, neurobiology, and treatment are described in detail. The chapter also covers adjustment to threatening and traumatic life events, such as childhood abuse, sexual assault in women, the refugee experience, serious physical illness, and bereavement. These events can produce various kinds of adverse psychological consequences over the lifespan, and the chapter shows how these psychiatric sequelae can be recognized, theoretically understood, and best managed according to current evidence-based practice.

scholarly journals The Fami-life study: protocol of a prospective observational multicenter mixed study of psychological consequences of grieving relatives in French palliative care units on behalf of the family research in palliative care (F.R.I.P.C research network)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maité Garrouste-Orgeas ◽  
Cécile Flahault ◽  
Edith Poulain ◽  
Adrien Evin ◽  
Frédéric Guirimand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Patient Death ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
Palliative Care Units ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
End Of Life Issues

Abstract Background Grieving relatives can suffer from numerous consequences like anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and prolonged grief. This study aims to assess the psychological consequences of grieving relatives after patients’ death in French palliative care units and their needs for support. Methods This is a prospective observational multicenter mixed study. Relatives of adult patients with a neoplasia expected to be hospitalized more than 72 h in a palliative care unit for end-of-life issues will be included within 48 h after patient admission. End-of-life issues are defined by the physician at patient admission. Relatives who are not able to have a phone call at 6-months are excluded. The primary outcome is the incidence of prolonged grief reaction defined by an ICG (Inventory Complicate Grief) > 25 (0 best-76 worst) at 6 months after patient’ death. Prespecified secondary outcomes are the risk factors of prolonged grief, anxiety and depression symptoms between day 3 and day 5 and at 6 months after patients’ death based on an Hospital Anxiety and Depression score (range 0–42) > 8 for each subscale (minimal clinically important difference: 2.5), post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms 6 months after patient’ death based on the Impact of Events Scale questionnaire (0 best-88 worst) score > 22, experience of relatives during palliative care based on the Fami-Life questionnaire, specifically built for the study. Between 6 and 12 months after the patient’s death, a phone interview with relatives with prolonged grief reactions will be planned by a psychologist to understand the complex system of grief. It will be analyzed with the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. We planned to enroll 500 patients and their close relatives assuming a 25% prolonged grief rate and a 6-month follow-up available in 60% of relatives. Discussion This study will be the first to report the psychological consequences of French relatives after a loss of a loved one in palliative care units. Evaluating relatives’ experiences can provide instrumental insights for means of improving support for relatives and evaluation of bereavement programs. Trial registration NCT03748225 registered on 11/19/2018. Recruiting patients.

scholarly journals Psychological consequences of traumatic upper limb peripheral nerve injury: A systematic review

Hand Therapy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Miller ◽  
Aimie L Peek ◽  
Dominic Power ◽  
Nicola R Heneghan
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Introduction Traumatic upper limb peripheral nerve injuries significantly impact individuals’ function and ability to return to work. Patients with peripheral nerve injury experience ongoing psychological impairments for which they are not routinely treated. The aim of this review was to investigate the psychological consequences of traumatic upper limb peripheral nerve injury. Methods A systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AMED, BNI, the Cochrane libraries and grey literature up to October 2015 was undertaken. Two reviewers independently assessed methodological quality in accordance with Cochrane Collaboration recommendations. Eligibility criteria comprised: adults or adolescents with traumatic upper limb peripheral nerve injury using any measurement of psychological well-being. Results Six studies ( n = 245) met the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality varied widely. Evidence of post-traumatic stress disorder at one month, which decreased over time, was reported in three studies. Two studies found a statistically significant correlation between the early presence of post-traumatic stress disorder and reduction in function at 12 or more months. Limited information was available on anxiety, depression and mental quality of life. Combined nerve injuries (in two studies) had significantly higher levels of post-traumatic stress disorder, at one month, compared to those with an isolated nerve injury. Conclusion There is some evidence of early post-traumatic stress disorder following traumatic upper limb peripheral nerve injury, which may have an impact on functional outcome. However, high-quality studies using prospective cohorts are required to further evaluate the psychological aspects associated with this traumatic injury.

Readiness to reconcile and post-traumatic distress in German survivors of wartime rapes in 1945

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eichhorn ◽  
N. Stammel ◽  
H. Glaesmer ◽  
T. Klauer ◽  
H. J. Freyberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Rape Survivors ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Traumatic Distress

ABSTRACTBackground:Sexual violence and wartime rapes are prevalent crimes in violent conflicts all over the world. Processes of reconciliation are growing challenges in post-conflict settings. Despite this, so far few studies have examined the psychological consequences and their mediating factors. Our study aimed at investigating the degree of longtime readiness to reconcile and its associations with post-traumatic distress within a sample of German women who experienced wartime rapes in 1945.Methods:A total of 23 wartime rape survivors were compared to age- and gender-matched controls with WWII-related non-sexual traumatic experiences. Readiness to reconcile was assessed with the Readiness to Reconcile Inventory (RRI-13). The German version of the Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) was used to assess post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology.Results:Readiness to reconcile in wartime rape survivors was higher in those women who reported less post-traumatic distress, whereas the subscale “openness to interaction” showed the strongest association with post-traumatic symptomatology. Moreover, wartime rape survivors reported fewer feelings of revenge than women who experienced other traumatization in WWII.Conclusions:Our results are in line with previous research, indicating that readiness to reconcile impacts healing processes in the context of conflict-related traumatic experiences. Based on the long-lasting post-traumatic symptomatology we observed that our findings highlight the need for psychological treatment of wartime rape survivors worldwide, whereas future research should continue focusing on reconciliation within the therapeutic process.

Traumatic Entrapment, Appeasement and Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Evolutionary Perspectives of Hostage Reactions, Domestic Abuse and the Stockholm Syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Cantor ◽  
John Price
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Domestic Abuse ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Stockholm Syndrome ◽  
Evolutionary Perspectives

Evolutionary theory and cross-species comparisons are explored to shed new insights into behavioural responses to traumatic entrapment, examining their relationships to the Stockholm syndrome (a specific response to traumatic entrapment) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A selective literature review is undertaken examining responses to traumatic entrapment (including hostage, domestic abuse and similar situations) and the Stockholm syndrome, before examining mammalian, reptilian and other defensive responses to relevant threats. Chimpanzees, the closest relatives of humans, are closely examined from this perspective and commonalities in behavioural responses are highlighted. The neurobiological basis of defensive behaviours underlying PTSD is explored with reference to the triune brain model. Victims of protracted traumatic entrapment under certain circumstances may display the Stockholm syndrome, which involves paradoxically positive relationships with their oppressors that may persist beyond release. Similar responses are observed in many mammalian species, especially primates. Ethological concepts including dominance hierarchies, reverted escape, de-escalation and conditional reconciliation appear relevant and are illustrated. These phenomena are commonly encountered in victims of severe abuse and understanding these concepts may assist clinical management. Appeasement is the mammalian defence most relevant to the survival challenge presented by traumatic entrapment and appears to be the foundation of complex PTSD. Evolutionary perspectives have considerable potential to bridge and integrate neurobiology and the social sciences with respect to traumatic stress responses.

The Use of Image Habituation Training with Post-traumatic Stress Disorders

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Vaughan ◽  
Nicholas Tarrier
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Habituation Training ◽  
Minimal Improvement ◽  
Traumatic Stress Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Treatment Gains

An exposure treatment for patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is described. Image habituation training (IHT) involves the patient in generating verbal descriptions of the traumatic event and recording these onto an audiotape. After the initial training session with the therapist, homework sessions of self-directed exposure in which the patient visualised the described event in response to listening to the audiotape were carried out. Of ten consecutive patients who received this treatment, six improved considerably after ten homework sessions, two showed moderate improvements, and two showed minimal improvement on a range of outcome measures. There were significant decreases in anxiety between and within homework sessions, suggesting that habituation did occur and was responsible for improvement. Treatment gains were maintained at six-month follow-up.

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