scholarly journals Differences in Maturity and Anthropometric and Morphological Characteristics among Young Male Basketball and Soccer Players and Non-Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3902
Author(s):  
Stefania Toselli ◽  
Francesco Campa ◽  
Pasqualino Maietta Latessa ◽  
Gianpiero Greco ◽  
Alberto Loi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics

Background: An aspect that influences sport performance is maturation status, since, within the same chronological age group, boys who have advanced maturation outperform their late maturing peers in tests of muscular strength, power, and endurance. Therefore, the aims of the present study were: (i) to investigate the differences in biological maturation and anthropometric and morphological characteristics among three groups of Italian adolescents, two of which were sportive (practicing basketball and football) and one non-sportive, and (ii) to identify the anthropometric and morphological predictors that best discriminate these three groups. Methods: Sixty-one basketball and 62 soccer players and 68 non-sportive youths were measured (mean age = 13.0 ± 1.1 y). Anthropometric characteristics were taken and body mass index, cormic index, body composition parameters, and somatotype were derived. An estimation of maturity status was carried out considering the years from peak height velocity (PHV). Two-way 3 × 3 ANOVAs was performed on all anthropometric characteristics to test the differences within sport groups and maturity status groups. Discriminant function analysis (stepwise criteria) was then applied to anthropometric and body composition variables to classify subjects into the three different sport categories. Results: Differences in anthropometric characteristics were detected among the three groups. For somatotype, differences among all of the considered groups were higher for endomorphy (p < 0.001; effect size = 0.13). Biological maturity influences the differences in the anthropometric characteristics and body composition among subjects of the same chronological age during adolescence. The variables that best discriminated the three groups were represented by body composition parameters, body proportions, and body build. Conclusions: This study confirms that boys who practice sport present healthier body composition parameters, with lower level of fat parameters. The assessment of maturity status is a fundamental factor in explaining anthropometric and body composition differences among peers in this period. Its comprehension may assist coaches and technical staff in optimizing competitive efficiency and monitoring the success of training regimes.

scholarly journals Injury Risk and Injury Burden Are Related to Age Group and Peak Height Velocity Among Talented Male Youth Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596711881104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Jan Bult ◽  
Maarten Barendrecht ◽  
Igor Joeri Ramon Tak
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Injury Burden

Background: The relationship between injury risk (IR) in age groups and periods around peak height velocity (PHV) remains unclear. PHV is defined as the moment of the largest increase in body height. Purpose: To investigate injury risk and injury burden as functions of growth velocity (periods around PHV) and chronological age groupings (under 12 years [U12] to U19) in talented youth male soccer players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 170 players from the youth academy of a Dutch soccer club (highest professional league: Eredivisie) were observed for 1 to 3 seasons. Injuries, exposure, PHV age, and chronological age were registered. The injury incidence density (IID) and injury burden per 1000 hours of soccer participation, with 95% CIs, were calculated for 5 PHV periods and 7 age groups. These were compared with the overall cohort results using incidence ratios (IRs) and burden ratios (BRs) with 95% CIs. Results: The mean age at PHV was 14.4 ± 0.65 years (range, 12.8-16.5 years). The mean IID for the total cohort was 8.34 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CI, 7.71-9.02). Compared with the overall mean, a significantly higher IID was found for PHV period 4+5 (IR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.00-1.71]; P = .049) and for the U15 group (IR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.24-1.79]; P < .001). The overall injury burden was 58.37 injury days per 1000 hours (95% CI, 56.66-60.13). In PHV period 4+5, the injury burden was significantly higher (BR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.39-1.68]; P < .001) when compared with the overall mean. Also, compared with the overall mean, the injury burden was higher in the U16 (BR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.39-1.58]; P < .001), U15 (BR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.19-1.38]; P < .001), and U17 groups (BR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.13-1.31]; P < .001). Conclusion: Talented young soccer players were more prone to injuries during the 6 months after PHV (31% above overall mean) as well as in the U15 group (49% above overall mean). Based on the higher injury burden in the U16 (48%), U15 (28%), and U17 (21%) groups, we suggest that research on injury risk factors and preventive measures should primarily target these age groups. Additional interventions based on PHV may be of limited value from a screening perspective. Further research is needed on the interaction between age groups and PHV periods.

scholarly journals Associations Between Variations in Accumulated Workload and Physiological Variables in Young Male Soccer Players Over the Course of a Season

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Ana Ruivo Alves ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽  
Cain C. T. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Association ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Fitness Levels

This study sought to analyze the relationship between in-season training workload with changes in aerobic power (VO2max), maximum and resting heart rate (HRmax and HRrest), linear sprint medium (LSM), and short test (LSS), in soccer players younger than 16 years (under-16 soccer players). We additionally aimed to explain changes in fitness levels during the in-season through regression models, considering accumulated load, baseline levels, and peak height velocity (PHV) as predictors. Twenty-three male sub-elite soccer players aged 15.5 ± 0.2 years (PHV: 13.6 ± 0.4 years; body height: 172.7 ± 4.2 cm; body mass: 61.3 ± 5.6 kg; body fat: 13.7% ± 3.9%; VO2max: 48.4 ± 2.6 mL⋅kg–1⋅min–1), were tested three times across the season (i.e., early-season (EaS), mid-season (MiS), and end-season (EnS) for VO2max, HRmax, LSM, and LSS. Aerobic and speed variables gradually improved over the season and had a strong association with PHV. Moreover, the HRmax demonstrated improvements from EaS to EnS; however, this was more evident in the intermediate period (from EaS to MiS) and had a strong association with VO2max. Regression analysis showed significant predictions for VO2max [F(2,20) = 8.18, p ≤ 0.001] with an R2 of 0.45. In conclusion, the meaningful variation of youth players’ fitness levels can be observed across the season, and such changes can be partially explained by the load imposed.

scholarly journals Hopping and Landing Performance in Male Youth Soccer Players: Effects of Age and Maturation

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 902-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Read ◽  
Jon Oliver ◽  
Mark De Ste Croix ◽  
Gregory Myer ◽  
Rhodri Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Temporary Reduction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractQuantifying hopping and landing performances can assist coaches in identifying young male soccer players who may be at increased risk of injury. The influence of chronological age and maturation on these measures in this population is unknown. Single leg hop for distance (SLHD) and 75% horizontal hop and stick landing force (75%Hop) were examined in a cross-sectional sample (N=400) of elite male youth soccer players. Between-group differences for both chronological age (U11–U18) and stage of maturation (pre-, circa- or post-peak height velocity (PHV)) were analyzed. Absolute 75%Hop increased with both age and maturation. Apart from the U18s, pre-PHV and U11–U12 players displayed the greatest relative landing forces compared to all other groups (p<0.001; d=0.56–0.93). Absolute and relative SLHD were greatest in the U18s and post-PHV players (p<0.001; d=0.35–2.04). A trend showed increased SLHD with each consecutive age group although a reduction in performance was identified in the U13s (d=0.50–0.59). High volumes of accumulated soccer participation in the U18s may lead to altered landing strategies indicative of high injury risk. A temporary reduction in hop performance in the U13s may also be linked to a period of adolescent awkwardness.

Is the Relationship Between Sprinting and Maximal Aerobic Speeds in Young Soccer Players Affected by Maturation?

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Mendez-Villanueva ◽  
Martin Buchheit ◽  
Sami Kuitunen ◽  
Tsz Kit Poon ◽  
Ben Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between maximal sprinting (MSS) and aerobic (MAS) speeds in a cohort of highly-trained young male soccer players with the influence of body mass controlled for using allometric scaling. MSS and MAS were obtained in 14 pre-age at peak height velocity (APHV) players (12.3 ± 0.7 years), 21 circum-APHV players (14.3 ± 0.9 year) and 26 post-APHV players (16.9 ± 0.7 years). The three groups showed similar positive correlations between MSS and MAS (r = 0.73 to 0.52; p < .01). In conclusion, our results suggest that the relationship between MSS and MAS is not affected by maturation.

scholarly journals Morphological and Fitness Attributes of Young Male Portuguese Basketball Players: Normative Values According to Chronological Age and Years From Peak Height Velocity

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Antunes Ramos ◽  
Luis Miguel Massuça ◽  
Anna Volossovitch ◽  
António Paulo Ferreira ◽  
Isabel Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Arm Span

The aims of the present study were: (i) to describe the structural and functional attributes of young male Portuguese basketball players aged 12–16 years and (ii) to generate normative data according to chronological age and years from peak height velocity. A total of 281 male Portuguese young basketball players between the ages of 12 and 16 years were assessed in this study. Chronological age, maturity parameters (maturity offset and predicted age at peak height velocity), morphological (body mass, height, and skinfolds and length), and fitness (sprint, change of direction ability, jump, and upper body strength) attributes were measured. Descriptive statistics were determined for the age and maturity status, and the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles were chosen as reference values. Descriptive and normative values of the players' morphological and fitness attributes, stratified by age and maturity status, are provided. The normative values of age at peak height velocity (category YAPHV = 0) showed that regional basketball players presented average values (50th percentile) of 169.8 cm for height, 173.3 cm for arm span, 55.6 kg for body mass, 3.34 s for the 20-m speed test, 10.31 s for the T-test, 4.75 m for the 2-kg medicine ball throw, 66.9 kg for the combined right and left handgrip strength, and 30.1 and 35.9 cm for jump height in the countermovement jump (CMJ) and CMJ with arm swing, respectively. In conclusion, these results may be helpful to quantify and control an athlete's performance over time and to adjust strength and conditioning programs to biological demands.

scholarly journals Influence of biological maturation on speed, jump, and endurance in high-level youth soccer players

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge L. C. Marinho ◽  
André O. Martins ◽  
Ezequiel Rey ◽  
Sixto González-Víllora
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Test Distance ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT The goal of this study is to identify the influence of the maturity state in the physical components of the high level youth male soccer players of an elite club in Brazil. Eighty-seven young male soccer players participated in this study, distributed in 34 U-14 players, 23 U-16 players and 30 U-19 players. Peak height velocity (PHV) was estimated: Pre-PHV (<-1.0 years, n=13), mid-PHV (-0.99 to 0.5 years, n=41), and post-PHV (>0.5 years, n=33). Running-based anaerobic sprint test, squat jump, yo-yo and 30m speed test were performed. The results of this study suggest that the maturational development influences vertical jump. VO2max, yo-yo test distance, fatigue index and power. This information is essential for the identification and effective development of talented football players.

scholarly journals The Influence of Maturity Status on Resting Energy Expenditure, Body Composition and Blood Pressure in Physically Active Children

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Edyta Łuszczki ◽  
Maciej Kuchciak ◽  
Katarzyna Dereń ◽  
Anna Bartosiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Resting Energy

Peak height velocity (PHV) is the period where the maximum rate of growth occurs. The moment the sports player reaches PHV can be estimated by monitoring the growth of body structures. The aim of this study was to assess changes in resting energy expenditure (REE), body composition and blood pressure in young, male soccer players between the pre-PHV, circa-PHV and post-PHV periods. This transverse study was conducted among 184 children aged 9 to 17 and included measurements of the resting energy expenditure (REE) using indirect calorimetry, body composition (bioimpedance) and blood pressure (sphygmomanometer). In addition, births in each quartile were analyzed. Children in the pre-PHV group had significantly lower REE values compared to the other two groups (p < 0.0001). The differences in the value of the REE between the children in the circum and post groups were not statistically significant. Additionally, the fat-free mass was significantly lower in the pre-PHV period compared to the other two periods (p < 0.0001), and the same relationship concerned the z-score body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure. Early-born players were overrepresented (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Young soccer players with higher somatic maturation are stronger, more powerful and faster than those with lower maturation

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Teixeira ◽  
◽  
Alexandre Igor Araripe Medeiros ◽  
Mário Antônio de Moura Simim ◽  
Cláudio de Oliveira Assumpção
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Physical Capacities

The identification of young soccer players’ maturation level throughout puberty is crucial to verify the influence of aspects that interfere on sport performance, such as body height and physical capacities. The aim of the present study was to verify the differences in physical performance of young soccer players in maturation stages before and after peak height velocity. This study comprised 49 soccer players (14.49 ± 1.00 yrs) belonging to the youth teams of a club in the city of Fortaleza. Body weight, height and trunk-cephalic height were measured. Somatic maturation was estimated using distance in years from peak height velocity (DPHV). 10 Meters Sprint and 20 Meter Flying Sprint, Modified Illinois, Jump Height (CMJ), RAST and Yo Yo IRT 1 tests were applied. Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and Confidence Intervals (CI = 90%) were used to compare the study variables (PRE-PHV vs POST-PHV). Our findings showed that POST-PHV group showed higher values in CMJ (3/3/97, Very likely) and RAST (peak, average, minimum power) and lower in the 20 Meter Flying Sprint (100/0/0, Most Likely) when compared to the PRE-PHV group. We concluded that young soccer players with somatic maturation after peak height velocity presented better capacity of lower limb strength, anaerobic power and speed.

scholarly journals Association Between Mental Imagery and Change of Direction Performance in Young Elite Soccer Players of Different Maturity Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorsaf Sariati ◽  
Hassane Zouhal ◽  
Raouf Hammami ◽  
Cain C. T. Clark ◽  
Ammar Nebigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Large Correlation

Previous studies have not considered the potential influence of maturity status on the relationship between mental imagery and change of direction (CoD) speed in youth soccer. Accordingly, this cross-sectional study examined the association between mental imagery and CoD performance in young elite soccer players of different maturity status. Forty young male soccer players, aged 10-17 years, were assigned into two groups according to their predicted age at peak height velocity (PHV) (Pre-PHV; n = 20 and Post-PHV; n = 20). Participants were evaluated on soccer-specific tests of CoD with (CoDBall-15m) and without (CoD-15m) the ball. Participants completed the movement imagery questionnaire (MIQ) with the three- dimensional structure, internal visual imagery (IVI), external visual imagery (EVI), as well as kinesthetic imagery (KI). The Post-PHV players achieved significantly better results than Pre-PHV in EVI (ES = 1.58, large; p &lt; 0.001), CoD-15m (ES = 2.09, very large; p &lt; 0.001) and CoDBall-15m (ES = 1.60, large; p &lt; 0.001). Correlations were significantly different between maturity groups, where, for the pre-PHV group, a negative very large correlation was observed between CoDBall-15m and KI (r = –0.73, p = 0.001). For the post-PHV group, large negative correlations were observed between CoD-15m and IVI (r = –0.55, p = 0.011), EVI (r = –062, p = 0.003), and KI (r = –0.52, p = 0.020). A large negative correlation of CoDBall-15m with EVI (r = –0.55, p = 0.012) and very large correlation with KI (r = –0.79, p = 0.001) were also observed. This study provides evidence of the theoretical and practical use for the CoD tasks stimulus with imagery. We recommend that sport psychology specialists, coaches, and athletes integrated imagery for CoD tasks in pre-pubertal soccer players to further improve CoD related performance.

scholarly journals Influence of Size and Maturity on Injury in Young Elite Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3120
Author(s):  
Natascia Rinaldo ◽  
Emanuela Gualdi-Russo ◽  
Luciana Zaccagni
Keyword(s):  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics

The involvement of pre-adolescents in soccer is becoming more and more frequent, and this growing participation generates some concerns about the potential factors for sports injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate sports injuries in younger (U9–U11) and older (U12–U13) children playing soccer at an elite level, analyzing potential anthropometric and maturity risk factors. A total of 88 elite soccer players aged 9–13 years were investigated. Weight, stature, and sitting height were measured at the start and at the end of the competitive season, computing the relative growth velocities. Additional body composition parameters were taken during a second survey. Maturity offset was calculated using predictive equations based on anthropometric traits such as years from age at peak height velocity (YPHV). Injuries suffered during the competitive season were recorded. Maturity and some anthropometric characteristics were significantly different according to the presence or absence of injuries among the players. Multiple logistic regression revealed that YPHV, body mass index (BMI), and calf muscle area were the factors most significantly correlated with injuries. Players with increased BMI, with decreased calf muscle area, and who were closer to their peak height velocity, were at a higher risk of injury. Findings showed that a monitoring program of anthropometric characteristics taking into account the maturational stage needs to be developed to prevent injuries.

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