scholarly journals Stress and Mental Health among Children/Adolescents, Their Parents, and Young Adults during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4668
Author(s):  
Meichun Mohler-Kuo ◽  
Shota Dzemaili ◽  
Simon Foster ◽  
Laura Werlen ◽  
Susanne Walitza
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

The present study aimed to assess various stressful situations and the psychological impact of the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown among youths in Switzerland. We included samples of 1627 young adults aged 19–24 from the Swiss Youth Epidemiological Study on Mental Health and 1146 children and adolescents aged 12–17 years and their parents. We assessed symptoms of various mental health problems, internet use, and perceived stress during the first COVID-19 lockdown. In the analyses, data were weighted to be representative of the Swiss population. During the first lockdown in Switzerland, the most common sources of perceived stress were the disruption of social life and important activities, uncertainty about how long the state of affairs would last, and the pandemic itself. In addition, around one-fifth of the young adults met the criteria for at least one of the mental health problems (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, generalized anxiety disorder), while one-third of children/adolescents screened positive for at least one of the mental health problems (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, depression, anxiety). Moreover, 30.1% of children and 21.3% of young adults met the criteria for problematic internet use. The study showed considerable stress perceived by young adults and symptoms of mental health problems, especially among females, during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Switzerland.

Child Psychiatry Consultation Clinic for Pediatricians: Long-Term Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 000992282110158
Author(s):  
Elise M. Fallucco ◽  
Robin E. Landy ◽  
Kitty Leung ◽  
Emma Robertson Blackmore
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Consultation Clinic ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

There is an urgent need for new clinical models to improve access to child mental health care. Pediatricians are tasked to care for youth with mild to moderate mental health problems, but require additional training. This article describes an outpatient child psychiatry consultation clinic (CPC) designed to empower pediatricians to care for youth with depression, anxiety, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Over a 2-year period, 40 primary care physicians (PCPs) referred 159 patients to the CPC. The most common primary diagnoses of patients seen for consultation were generalized anxiety disorder (35%), major depressive disorder (24%), and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (20%). Most patients (89%) had at least 2 psychiatric diagnoses. Nearly four fifths (79%) of these patients successfully returned to their PCP for ongoing care. PCPs reported that the CPC enhanced their skills and improved access to mental health care. Similar models are needed to facilitate early intervention for the millions of youth with mental health problems.

scholarly journals Does having both ADHD and irritability symptoms in childhood predict mental health outcomes in adolescence?

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms combined with high levels of irritability during childhood is a significant predictor of subsequent mental health problems and suicidality in adolescence, according to findings from a new study.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Correlates of Parental Self-Efficacy in Managing Adolescent Internet Use among Parents of Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5768
Author(s):  
Yi-Ping Hsieh ◽  
Chia-Fen Wu ◽  
Wen-Jiun Chou ◽  
Cheng-Fang Yen
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Child Behaviors ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Odd Symptoms

Given the growing concerns of problematic Internet use and online safety, it is critical to address parental self-efficacy in managing adolescent Internet use and to examine associated factors, especially in parents of adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We examined the roles of adolescents’ hyperactivity/impulsivity, inattention and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms, parents’ depressive symptoms, parenting behavior (parental care and indifference), and child behavior (Internet addiction) in relation to parental self-efficacy in managing adolescent Internet use. We recruited 237 Taiwanese parents of adolescents with ADHD (ages 11–18). Hierarchical linear regression was performed in four steps to test the study hypotheses. The results indicated that child’s age, ODD symptoms, and Internet addiction of adolescents were negatively associated, and parental care was positively associated with parental self-efficacy in managing adolescent Internet use. The final model was significant and explained 43% of the variance. The present study demonstrated that parenting and child behaviors contribute to parental self-efficacy in managing adolescent Internet use. Moreover, children’s ODD symptoms were identified as the risk factor for reduced parental self-efficacy.

Driving-Related Risks and Outcomes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults: A 3- to 5-Year Follow-up Survey

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Author(s):  
Russell A. Barkley ◽  
David C. Guevremont ◽  
Arthur D. Anastopoulos ◽  
George J. DuPaul ◽  
Tern L. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults

Objective. To determine whether teenagers and young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have more motor vehicle citations and crashes and are more careless drivers than their normal peers. Design. A comparison of two groups of teenagers and young adults (ADHD and normal) followed up 3 to 5 years after original diagnosis. Setting. A university medical center clinic for ADHD patients. Patients. Thirty-five subjects with ADHD and 36 control subjects between 16 and 22 years of age, all of whom were licensed drivers. Main outcome measures. Parent ratings of current symptoms of ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder, a survey of various negative driving outcomes, and a rating scale of driving behavior. Results. Subjects with ADHD used less sound driving habits. This deficiency was associated with greater driving-related negative outcomes in all categories surveyed. Subjects with ADHD were more likely than control subjects to have had auto crashes, to have had more such crashes, to have more bodily injuries associated with such crashes, and to be at fault for more crashes than control subjects. They were also more likely to have received traffic citations and received more such citations than control subjects, particularly for speeding. The subgroup of teenagers with ADHD having greater comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder symptoms were at highest risk for such deficient driving skills/habits and negative driving-related outcomes. Conclusions. ADHD, and especially its association with oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder, is associated with substantially increased risks for driving among teenagers and young adults and worthy of attention when clinicians counsel such patients and their parents.

scholarly journals Driving in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Knowledge, performance, adverse outcomes, and the role of executive functioning

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell A. Barkley ◽  
Kevin R. Murphy ◽  
George J. Dupaul ◽  
Tracie Bush
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Community Control ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

AbstractPast studies find that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) creates a higher risk for adverse driving outcomes. This study comprehensively evaluated driving in adults with ADHD by comparing 105 young adults with the disorder (age 17–28) to 64 community control (CC) adults on five domains of driving ability and a battery of executive function tasks. The ADHD group self-reported significantly more traffic citations, particularly for speeding, vehicular crashes, and license suspensions than the CC group, with most of these differences corroborated in the official DMV records. Cognitively, the ADHD group was less attentive and made more errors during a visual reaction task under rule-reversed conditions than the CC group. The ADHD group also obtained lower scores on a test of driving rules and decision-making but not on a simple driving simulator. Both self- and other-ratings showed the CC group employed safer routine driving habits than the ADHD group. Relationships between the cognitive and driving measures and the adverse outcomes were limited or absent, calling into question their use in screening ADHD adults for driving risks. Several executive functions also were significantly yet modestly related to accident frequency and total traffic violations after controlling for severity of ADHD. These results are consistent with earlier studies showing significant driving problems are associated with ADHD. This study found that these driving difficulties were not a function of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder, depression, anxiety, or frequency of alcohol or illegal drug use. Findings to date argue for the development of interventions to reduce driving risks among adults with ADHD.

Family Type Predicts Mental Health Problems in Young Adults: A Survey of Students at a University in Botswana

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy Amone-P'Olak ◽  
Boniface Kealeboga Ramotuana
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intact Family ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Family Types

In Africa, the structure of the family is changing rapidly. The effects of this change on mental health remain unknown. This study investigated the extent to which different family types (intact, single-mother, and multiple) predict mental health problems in young adults in Botswana (N = 264, mean age = 21.31, SD = 2.40). In a cross-sectional design, the study sampled students registered at various faculties at the University of Botswana. The revised symptoms checklist (SCL-90-R) was used to assess symptoms of mental health problems (depression, anxiety and hostility). Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95 per cent confidence intervals (CIs) of mental health problems for mother-only and multiple family types relative to the intact family type. Compared to the intact family type, single-mother (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.21, 4.51) and multiple family types (OR = 1.56; CI: 0.88, 2.78) were associated with an increased risk of depression. For anxiety, the ORs were 2.27 (CI: 1.18, 4.38) and 1.10 (CI: 0.56, 1.82) for single-mother and multiple family types respectively. For hostility, the ORs were 2.60 (CI: 1.34, 5.04), and 0.79 (CI: 0.44, 1.42) for single-mother and multiple family types, respectively. Family types predict mental health problems in young adults and therefore the interventions to mitigate the effects should consider family backgrounds and the ramifications of family types for treatment and care.

scholarly journals Callous-unemotional traits in Chinese preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsong Zhang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Huifeng Zhang ◽  
Amanda Wilson ◽  
Lan Shuai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits

Abstract Background Children with early onset of Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits are at a higher risk for long-term, persistent psychosocial problems. The current study aimed to explore the characteristics of CU in preschool children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the diagnostic significance of CU traits in ADHD. Methods A total of 176 preschool children (89 with ADHD and 87 Typically Developing Children [TDC]) aged 4–5 years old were recruited to the study. The participants were assessed for CU traits, emotional and behavioral problems, and how their executive functioning was associated with ADHD using multiple assessment scales. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the incremental validity of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU), adjusting for possible covariates by child’s sex, conduct problems, and oppositional defiant symptoms. Results The results showed that there was a significant difference of ICU scores between the ADHD and TDC groups (F = 30.12, P < 0.001). In terms of callousness, ADHD + Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) group showed a significant high score, and the ADHD only group scored significantly higher than the TDC group (F = 20.42, P < 0.001). The ICU was negatively associated with the prosocial behaviour subscale (γ = − 0.57, P < 0.01) and showed low to moderate positive correlations with emotional and behavioural problems, as well as executive function (γ = 0.24–0.67, P < 0.05). The ICU scores explained 6% of the incremental validity in ADHD symptoms. The diagnostic value of the ICU for ADHD was medium and acceptable. Conclusions The current study indicated that early identification of CU traits may help clinicians better understand symptoms and behavioural problems in children with ADHD. CU traits therefore could be considered as a useful assessment tool for ADHD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document