Assessing the Water Quality of Lake Hawassa Ethiopia—Trophic State and Suitability for Anthropogenic Uses—Applying Common Water Quality Indices

The rapid growth of urbanization, industrialization and poor wastewater management practices have led to an intense water quality impediment in Lake Hawassa Watershed. This study has intended to engage the different water quality indices to categorize the suitability of the water quality of Lake Hawassa Watershed for anthropogenic uses and identify the trophic state of Lake Hawassa. Analysis of physicochemical water quality parameters at selected sites and periods was conducted throughout May 2020 to January 2021 to assess the present status of the Lake Watershed. In total, 19 monitoring sites and 21 physicochemical parameters were selected and analyzed in a laboratory. The Canadian council of ministries of the environment (CCME WQI) and weighted arithmetic (WA WQI) water quality indices have been used to cluster the water quality of Lake Hawassa Watershed and the Carlson trophic state index (TSI) has been employed to identify the trophic state of Lake Hawassa. The water quality is generally categorized as unsuitable for drinking, aquatic life and recreational purposes and it is excellent to unsuitable for irrigation depending on the sampling location and the applied indices. Specifically, in WA WQI, rivers were excellent for agricultural uses and Lake Hawassa was good for agricultural uses. However, the CCME WQI findings showed rivers were good for irrigation but lake Hawassa was marginal for agricultural use. Point sources were impaired for all envisioned purposes. The overall category of Lake Hawassa falls under a eutrophic state since the average TSI was 65.4 and the lake is phosphorous-deficient, having TN:TP of 31.1. The monitored point sources indicate that the city of Hawassa and its numerous industrial discharges are key polluters, requiring a fast and consequent set-up of an efficient wastewater infrastructure, accompanied by a rigorous monitoring of large point sources (e.g., industry, hospitals and hotels). In spite of the various efforts, the recovery of Lake Hawassa may take a long time as it is hydrologically closed. Therefore, to ensure safe drinking water supply, a central supply system according to World Health organization (WHO) standards also for the fringe inhabitants still using lake water is imperative. Introducing riparian buffer zones of vegetation and grasses can support the direct pollution alleviation measures and is helpful to reduce the dispersed pollution coming from the population using latrines. Additionally, integrating aeration systems like pumping atmospheric air into the bottom of the lake using solar energy panels or diffusers are effective mitigation measures that will improve the water quality of the lake. In parallel, the implementation and efficiency control of measures requires coordinated environmental monitoring with dedicated development targets.

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Evaluation of water quality and eutrophication status of Hawassa Lake based on different water quality indices

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01385-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Zemed Menberu ◽

Beshah Mogesse ◽

Daniel Reddythota

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Secchi Depth ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Ethiopian Rift ◽

Quality Indices ◽

Water Quality Indices ◽

Canadian Council

AbstractLake Hawassa is one of the major Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes having an endorheic basin system. The surrounding community makes use of the lake water for the multiple purposes of irrigation, domestic water supply, recreation and fish harvesting. The aim of the present study was to ascertain the water quality of the lake in terms of water quality indices (WQI) and its health over a period of three months covering both dry and wet seasons. Overall, the water quality of Lake was unfit and bad as per the weighted arithmetic method (120.06–228.29) and modified Bascarón water quality index (MBWQI) methods (26.81–33.89), respectively. However, the quality was indicated as marginal, as per the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) water quality index method (44.2–51.1). On average, the lake was under the hypertrophic stage as per the standard based on the results of Secchi depth and nutrient concentration. The current study showed the lake being unfit for all-purposes as per WAWQI range (> 100). According to the physicochemical and biological parameters, of the lake, it requires mitigation measures to control Eutrophication and pollutants inflow.

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AN EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY INDEX VARIATION IN DOMESTIC DRINKING WATER RESERVOIRS

10.31219/osf.io/hwckz ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abubakar Bilyaminu Musa ◽

Mala Babagana Gutti

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

World Health ◽

Quality Indices ◽

Quality Test ◽

Water Quality Indices ◽

North East ◽

Canadian Council

This study investigates the variation in water quality parameters due to short term storage in reservoirs in north-east Nigeria. The objective of the study is to determine the water quality, testing selected vital parameters and determining the DWQI of the samples from selected water sources and their respective reservoirs. The World Health Organization (WHO), as well as the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) standards of water quality test and drinking water quality indices, were adopted. Samples were collected at both source and reservoir from five different points in the same area. The quality of water was analyzed in order to determine the variation in water quality and drinking water quality indices when stored over time in a storage system. The result of the quality test revealed that the level of all the parameters were within the limit set by WHO except that of Iron and Manganese which were slightly above the standard limits. The correlated variables revealed that a very strong relationship exists between all the samples with the highest R2 as 0.99 and the lowest R2 as 0.94. The drinking water quality indices were found to be good for all samples with an index value of 88.45%. This study strongly recommends further investigation as well as regular monitoring of the drinking water quality in the area.

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Evaluation of surface water quality using water quality indices (WQIs) in Lake Sukhna, Chandigarh, India

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01534-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maansi ◽

Rajinder Jindal ◽

Meenu Wats

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Surface Water ◽

Surface Water Quality ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Quality Indices ◽

Water Quality Indices ◽

Canadian Council ◽

Water Quality Status ◽

Ccme Wqi ◽

Quality Status

AbstractTo assess the surface water quality of Sukhna Lake, 13 physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, transparency, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts, chloride, total Aalkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, nitrate and phosphate were investigated on monthly basis for a period of two year (July 2016–June 2018) by using standard procedures. The results were compared with the values or ranges mentioned by standard organizations (WHO and BIS) for assessing the water quality and these revealed that the lake water was turbid and under DO distress. Various water quality indices like water quality index (WQI), Canadian Council Ministry of Environment (CCME)-WQI and comprehensive pollution index (CPI) were used to assess the water quality status in the Sukhna Lake. The range of WQI (59.74–83.49) indicated that the water quality status of the lake belonged to good category while those of CCME-WQI (52.4–81.61) revealed that water quality fallen from marginal to good category and those of CPI (0.4–0.7) indicated fair state of water in the lake. Overall the water quality in Sukhna Lake has been found deteriorated during second year in comparison the first year during the study time.

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Meta-Evaluation of Water Quality Indices. Application into Groundwater Resources

Water ◽

10.3390/w12071890 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1890 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dimitrios E. Alexakis

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Simple Procedure ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Quality Data ◽

The European Union ◽

Quality Indices ◽

Water Quality Data ◽

Water Quality Indices ◽

Canadian Council ◽

Ccme Wqi

Until now, there was no simple procedure to test the performance of water quality indices (WQIs) or, in other words, to perform their meta-evaluation. The purpose of this study is to provide a meta-evaluation approach of two widely used WQIs and suggestions for selecting one or both of them for application in groundwater quality assessment as proposed by the European Union. The meta-evaluation concept is based on testing the performance of two widely known WQIs by applying classification of Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC) and Groundwater Directive (GWD; 2006/118/EC) which was used as a reference. The Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment (CCME) and National Sanitation Foundation (NSF-WQI) have been selected for evaluation. These WQIs were applied in an agricultural area of the Mediterranean region where six sub-datasets for an entire hydrological year were available. This study uses all the available water quality data (52 monitoring stations × 2 sampling periods × 15 parameters) which is systematically collected at the area studied. The CCME-WQI is a rather strict index since it estimates statistically significantly lower values than the NSF-WQI. Based on the performance of the examined indices, it is shown that, mostly, the CCME-WQI classification findings are close to those of the GWD.

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Metalliferous content of drinking water and sediments in storage tanks of some schools in Erbil city, Iraq

Italian Journal of Food Safety ◽

10.4081/ijfs.2020.8862 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Hawraz Sami Khalid ◽

Hoshyar Saadi Ali ◽

Dhary Almashhadany

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Water Quality ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

World Health ◽

Storage Tanks ◽

Quality Indices ◽

Toxic Heavy Metals ◽

Water Quality Indices

The present study was conducted to evaluate the quality of drinking water in randomly selected schools in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The water quality indices such as the Heavy metal Pollution Index (HPI) and Heavy metal Evaluation Index (HEI) were applied to characterize water quality. Eighteen schools were incorporated and sampled for their water storage tanks available to students. Water samples and sediment samples from tanks floor were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer for the determination of twenty-two metal elements. In drinking water samples, all detected metals did not exceed the permissible limits of the World Health Organization. The results of this study showed that the average values of HPI and HEI for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn were 54.442 and 0.221, respectively. According to data of the water quality indices, the schools drinking water quality are good and suitable for drinking in terms of heavy metals. However, sediments samples contained high concentrations of all elements including the toxic heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, and Pb). Re-suspension of sediments into water column after refilling storage tanks can pose a serious threat to students drinking water from such vessels. It is therefore recommended that proper storage tanks are provided to the schools accompanied by continuous sanitation and hygiene practice to mitigate the corrosion of tanks to avoid health risks of toxic metal

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Estimation of Tap Water Quality in Babylon Governorate /Iraq, (2017) in Accordance with CCME

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.20.26246 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4.20) ◽

pp. 477

Author(s):

Zahraa Ali Hammood ◽

Elaf Jassim Mahan ◽

Halah Kadhim Tayyeh

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Tap Water ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Study Interval ◽

Canadian Council ◽

Tap Water Quality ◽

Ccme Wqi ◽

Council Of Ministers

This research included evaluation quality of water by utilizing Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) by analyzing many chemical and physical properties of tap water (inside houses) for five regions (AL Musayab, AL Kasim, AL kifil, AL Mahawil and Hilla Center) in Babylon Governorate, Iraq. The properties included (PH, temperature, Ec, Hardness, turbidity, T.D.S, Ca, So4, Mg) through three months (January, February, and March) / 2017. The evaluated amounts of CCME WQI proved that the quality of water round five regions were good through study interval and calculated amounts of properties were in Iraqi standards of drinking water (No. 417,2001) except Ca and turbidity.

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