scholarly journals Bedtime Routine Characteristics and Activities in Families with Young Children in the North of England

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8983
Author(s):  
George Kitsaras ◽  
Michaela Goodwin ◽  
Julia Allan ◽  
Michael P. Kelly ◽  
Iain A. Pretty
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Complex Behaviour ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
The North ◽  
Consistent Manner ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Bedtime Routine

Bedtime routines have been shown to have significant associations with health, wellbeing and development outcomes for children and parents. Despite the importance of bedtime routines, most research has been carried out in the United States, with little information on bedtime routine characteristics and activities for families in other countries such as the United Kingdom and England in particular. Additionally, little is known about the possible effects of weekends vs. weekdays on the quality of bedtime routines. Finally, traditional, retrospective approaches have been most used in capturing data on bedtime routines, limiting our understanding of a dynamic and complex behaviour. The aim of this study was to explore bedtime routine characteristics and activities in families in the North of England with a real-time, dynamic data collection approach and to examine possible effects of weekend nights on the quality of bedtime routines. In total, 185 parents with children ages 3 to 7 years old provided data around their bedtime routine activities using an automated text-survey assessment over a 7-night period. Information on socio-economic and demographic characteristics were also gathered during recruitment. A small majority of parents managed to achieve all crucial elements of an optimal bedtime routine every night, with 53% reporting brushing their children’s teeth every night, 25% reading to their children every night and 30% consistently putting their children to bed at the same time each night. Results showed significant differences between weekend (especially Saturday) and weekday routines (F(1, 100) = 97.584, p < 0.001), with an additional effect for parental employment (F(1, 175) = 7.151, p < 0.05). Results highlight variability in bedtime routine activities and characteristics between families. Many families undertook, in a consistent manner, activities that are closely aligned with good practices and recommendations on what constitutes an optimal bedtime routine, while others struggled. Routines remained relatively stable during weekdays but showed signs of change over the weekend. Additional studies on mechanisms and elements affecting the formation, development and maintenance of bedtime routines are needed alongside studies on supporting and assisting families to achieve optimal routines.

The Fontan outcomes network: first steps towards building a lifespan registry for individuals with Fontan circulation in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1070-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Alsaied ◽  
Kiona Y. Allen ◽  
Jeffrey B. Anderson ◽  
Julia S. Anixt ◽  
David W. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Single Ventricle ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fontan Circulation ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Outcomes For Children

AbstractThe Fontan Outcomes Network was created to improve outcomes for children and adults with single ventricle CHD living with Fontan circulation. The network mission is to optimise longevity and quality of life by improving physical health, neurodevelopmental outcomes, resilience, and emotional health for these individuals and their families. This manuscript describes the systematic design of this new learning health network, including the initial steps in development of a national, lifespan registry, and pilot testing of data collection forms at 10 congenital heart centres.

scholarly journals Second person pronouns used by Slovene and American Slovene speakers as linguistic markers of personal and social (in)equality

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Šabec
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Language Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
The North ◽  
Consistent Manner

This paper discusses the use of second person pronouns in Slovene as linguistic markers of personal and social (in)equality in face-to-face interaction. In addition to the fundamental social dimensions of power/status and solidarity that are usually associated with the choice of a particular pronoun in such interactions, I explore some other dimensions such as formality and casualness that may also contribute to the choice. The focus is on the comparison of the use of Slovene second person pronouns in their native and diaspora contexts. While the rules for their use in Slovenia are relatively well established and observed in a fairly consistent manner, especially by older speakers, their use in the North American context is quite different. The questionnaire responses by Slovenes and their descendants living in the United States and Canada show that these pronouns are often used almost as if at random and that, especially with younger speakers, the predorninant form has become "ti". It is possible that this is due to the dirninishing knowledge of Slovene and the speakers' uncertainty as to which form to use, but also to the very strong influence of English with its exclusive use of you. The growing tendency of younger speakers in Slovenia toward ti is also addressed as a possible indication of a language change under way.

Graphical Analysis of Trans-Canada Airlines' Progress on the North American Routes 1946–1950

1952 ◽  
Vol 56 (497) ◽  
pp. 382-391
Author(s):  
Adam Jaworski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Quality Of Service ◽  
North American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
The North ◽  
The U.S

Progress of any organisation may be related either to an assumed basis within the organisation itself, or to some other organisations, preferably competitors in the same business. The second method is more realistic and by relating the corresponding data in ratios, it helps to eliminate to a great extent the influence of price changes, which distort yearly comparisons of revenues and expenses.In the United States the trunk lines represent over 95 per cent. of the total revenue ton-miles flown on the domestic routes and in international aviation, the largest system with the highest quality of service. Therefore, by comparing in Part I the domestic services of Trans-Canada Air Lines (T.C.A.) to corresponding services of the U.S. trunk lines, the most severe criterion was chosen.Part II contains an investigation of trends of particular expenses in relation to the total expenses for T.C.A's North American Services.

Vocation Education Quality from Demand Side’s Perspective: The Case of Transport Technology Universities in the North of Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1089-1097
Author(s):  
Nguyen Quynh Hoa ◽  
◽  
Phung Chu Hoang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Training ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Quality Outcomes ◽  
The North ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Training Quality ◽  
And Training

Quality outcomes from vocational education and training (VET) are fundamental to ensuring a skilled workforce and supporting a productive economy. The quality of vocational training from the demand’s perspective is defined as meeting the customer specification, needs or requirements. Using the method of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Multiple Regression Analysis to get the analytical results of 275 respondents as graduates of University of Transport and Communication, University of Transport Technology (the two universities training on transportation in the North of Vietnam), the results show that factors are measured by the observed variables in the study that ensure reliability and relevance. The descriptive statistics result of vocational training quality is 3.28, while all independent variables are at average level (between 3.1 to 3.48) with the highest value related to the quality of the teacher and the lowest are facilities and training programs and management capacity of university. However, the regression results show that the qualification of the teacher, material facilities and training program, management capacity and job opportunities at the training school do not affect the quality of the training while “Learners-NH” have a great positive effect and the labor market information has a negative effect on the training quality of the school significantly. Base on those data, some policy recommendations have been given out in order to improve the training quality of transport technology universities in the north of Vietnam in particular and the vocational training quality of Vietnam in general.

Mafias on the Move

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Varese
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
At Will

Organized crime is spreading like a global virus as mobs take advantage of open borders to establish local franchises at will. That at least is the fear, inspired by stories of Russian mobsters in New York, Chinese triads in London, and Italian mafias throughout the West. As this book explains, the truth is more complicated. The author has spent years researching mafia groups in Italy, Russia, the United States, and China, and argues that mafiosi often find themselves abroad against their will, rather than through a strategic plan to colonize new territories. Once there, they do not always succeed in establishing themselves. The book spells out the conditions that lead to their long-term success, namely sudden market expansion that is neither exploited by local rivals nor blocked by authorities. Ultimately the inability of the state to govern economic transformations gives mafias their opportunity. In a series of matched comparisons, the book charts the attempts of the Calabrese 'Ndrangheta to move to the north of Italy, and shows how the Sicilian mafia expanded to early twentieth-century New York, but failed around the same time to find a niche in Argentina. The book explains why the Russian mafia failed to penetrate Rome but succeeded in Hungary. A pioneering chapter on China examines the challenges that triads from Taiwan and Hong Kong find in branching out to the mainland. This book is both a compelling read and a sober assessment of the risks posed by globalization and immigration for the spread of mafias.

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