scholarly journals On-Site Medical Management of Avalanche Victims—A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10234
Author(s):  
Simon Rauch ◽  
Giacomo Strapazzon ◽  
Hermann Brugger
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Site Management ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Favorable Prognosis ◽  
Air Pocket

Avalanche accidents are common in mountain regions and approximately 100 fatalities are counted in Europe each year. The average mortality rate is about 25% and survival chances are mainly determined by the degree and duration of avalanche burial, the patency of the airway, the presence of an air pocket, snow characteristics, and the severity of traumatic injuries. The most common cause of death in completely buried avalanche victims is asphyxia followed by trauma. Hypothermia accounts for a minority of deaths; however, hypothermic cardiac arrest has a favorable prognosis and prolonged resuscitation and extracorporeal rewarming are indicated. In this article, we give an overview on the pathophysiology and on-site management of avalanche victims.

scholarly journals Mortality in Via Ferrata Emergencies in Austria from 2008 to 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Ströhle ◽  
Matthias Haselbacher ◽  
Christopher Rugg ◽  
Alex Walpoth ◽  
Ricarda Konetschny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Fatal Accidents ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Actual Incidence

Although the European Alps now have more than 1000 via ferratas, limited data exist on the actual incidence of fatal events in via ferratas and their causes. This retrospective study analysed data from a registry maintained by the Austrian Alpine Safety Board (n = 161,855, per 11 September 2019). Over a 10-year period from 1 November 2008 to 31 October 2018, all persons involved in a via ferrata-related emergency were included (n = 1684), of which 64% were male. Most emergencies were caused by blockage due to exhaustion and/or misjudgement of the climber’s own abilities. Consequently, more than half of all victims were evacuated uninjured. Only 62 (3.7%) via ferrata-related deaths occurred. Falling while climbing unsecured was the most common cause of death, and males had a 2.5-fold higher risk of dying in a via ferrata accident. The mortality rate was highest in technically easy-to-climb sections (Grade A, 13.2%/B, 4.9%), whereas the need to be rescued uninjured was highest in difficult routes (Grade D, 59.9%/E, 62.7%). Although accidents in via ferratas are common and require significant rescue resources, fatal accidents are rare. The correct use of appropriate equipment in technically easy-to-climb routes can prevent the majority of these fatalities.

Seasonality in Mortality in a Cardiology Department: A Five-Year Analysis in 500 Patients

Cardiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Lourdes Vicent ◽  
Vanesa Bruña ◽  
Carolina Devesa ◽  
Iago Sousa-Casasnovas ◽  
Miriam Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Seasonal Trend ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Refractory Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiology Department ◽  
The Mean

Background: Previous studies have indicated that cardiovascular mortality follows a seasonal trend. The aim of this work was to determine the evolution of mortality throughout the year in a cardiology department. Methods: All admissions and deaths occurring in our Cardiology Department over a 5-year period (2013–2017) were recorded retrospectively. Results: From a total of 17,829 hospital admissions, 500 patients died (2.8%, 0.3 patients/day). The mean age of deceased patients was 74.2 ± 13.1 years, and 186 (37.2%) were women. Mortality ranged from 0.17 deaths/day in August to 0.40 deaths/day in February (p = 0.03), and from 0.20 deaths/day in summer to 0.36 deaths/day in winter (p = 0.001). There was also a trend towards a variation in hospitalizations, with a peak in January (10.5 admissions/day) and the lowest figure in August (7.0 admissions/day), p = 0.047. We found no significant seasonal trend regarding mortality rate with respect to the number of hospital admissions (p = 0.89). The most common cause of death was refractory heart failure (267 patients [65.8%]). A noncardiac cause of death was observed in 134 patients (26.8%). Conclusions: In a cardiology department, there are twice as many deaths in winter as in summer. Hospitalizations also tend to be more frequent in winter than in summer.

Death and preventable death in trauma patients in a level-1 trauma center in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Osaree Akaraborworn ◽  
Burapat Sangthong ◽  
Komet Thongkhao ◽  
Pratthana Chainiramol ◽  
Khanitta Kaewsaengrueang
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Preventable Death ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 1 Trauma Center

AbstractBackgroundTrauma is a major cause of death in young adults. The mortality rate is one of the key performance indices of trauma centers.ObjectiveTo demonstrate a mortality rate, cause of death, and cause of nonpreventable death in a level-1 trauma center in Thailand.MethodsThere was a retrospective study of the death cases from a trauma registry. The number of trauma deaths during the study period was collected to identify the death rate. The causes of death and a death analysis were obtained from the morbidity and mortality.ResultsThe death rate was 6.6%. The most common cause of overall death was head injury, and exsanguination was the most common cause of death in the first 24 h. The preventable death rate was 2%, and the most common cause of preventable death was exsanguination.ConclusionsThe mortality rate of trauma patients in Thailand was not higher than that in other countries. The majority of deaths were caused from head injury. Therefore, improvement in injury prevention is needed to decrease the number of deaths.

scholarly journals TATALAKSANA HENTI JANTUNG DI LAPANGAN PERMAINAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Putra Rizki ◽  
Nani Cahyani
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Chain Of Survival ◽  
Early Preparation

Cardiac arrest is the most common cause of sudden death in athletes on the field of play. There are reports of cardiac arrest in athletes 1: 4000 to 1: 8000.Cardiac and non-cardiac causes have been implicated as a causes of death in the field of play. Pre-Participation Evaluation (PPE) has been recommended for primary prevention of cardiac arrest in athletes due to cardiac problems. Prevention of sudden cardiac death on the field of the play should be done by immediate, precise and correct treatment. Immediate, precise and correct treatment can be provided if medical management is well performed before and during the event. Medical management in sudden cardiac arrest treatment on the field of play consists of early preparation, emergency action plan, preparing equipment, personnel, training, communication, transportation and final preparation. An ideal treatment includes elements of the chain of survival from sudden cardiac arrest.ABSTRAK Henti jantung adalah penyebab kematian mendadak terbanyak pada atlet di lapangan permainan. Terdapat laporan kejadian henti jantung pada atlet 1:4000 sampai 1:8000. Penyebab kematian akibat henti jantung di lapangan permainan bisa karena masalah jantung dan masalah selain jantung. Untuk pencegahan primer terjadinya henti jantung pada atlet di lapangan permainan yang disebabkan masalah jantung direkomendasikan melakukan Pre-Participation Evaluation (PPE). Untuk pencegahan terjadinya kematian akibat henti jantung di lapangan permainan harus dilakukan tatalaksana yang cepat, tepat dan benar. Tatalaksana yang cepat, tepat dan benar dapat diberikan jika manajemen medis dilakukan dengan baik sebelum dan saat event berlangsung. Manajemen medis dalam tatalaksana henti jantung di lapangan permainan terdiri dari persiapan awal, rencana kegawatdaruratan, mempersiapkan peralatan, personel, pelatihan, komunikasi, transportasi dan persiapan akhir. Tatalaksana di lapangan permainan yang ideal mencakup elemen rantai keselamatan pada henti jantung. Kata kunci: henti jantung, lapangan permainan, manajemen medis, penanganan SCA

TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CONDOM BALLOON CATHETER IN TREATING INTRACTABLE POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE AT KONTUM PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 178-183
Author(s):  
Dinh Nguyen Gia ◽  
Thanh Cao Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Death ◽  
Postpartum Hemorrhage ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
Uterine Atony ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Provincial Hospital ◽  
Balloon Tamponade ◽  
Condom Catheter

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains a significant contributor to maternal morbility and mortality and accounts for 31% of maternal death in Vietnam. The most common cause of PPH is uterine atony. Recently, uterine tamponade using intrauterine condom appears to be an effective tool in the management of intractable PPH. Objectives: To evaluate the success of condom as a tamponade to arrest intractable PPH due to uterine atony in patients not responding to medical management. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional and descriptive, included 32 patients who underwent condom balloon tamponade at Kontum Provincial Hospital from 1/2012 to 8/2016. Results: 32 women (mean age 25.71 ± 6.45 years range, 16 - 39) underwent condom balloon tamponade for PPH controls. 29 patients (90.62%) successfully responded the tamponade therapy by the use of condom catheter. Three patients (9.37%) required hysterectomy. Conclusions: Condom catheter balloon effectively controls the intractable PPH due to uterine atony. Key words: PPH (Pospartum hemorrhage), Tamponade, Condom catheter balloon, Uterine atony

Energy-Sensing Pathways in Ischemia: The Counterbalance Between AMPK and mTORC

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (45) ◽  
pp. 4763-4770
Author(s):  
Angel Cespedes ◽  
Mario Villa ◽  
Irene Benito-Cuesta ◽  
Maria J. Perez-Alvarez ◽  
Lara Ordoñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Energy Sensing ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

: Stroke is an important cause of death and disability, and it is the second leading cause of death worldwide. In humans, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) is the most common cause of ischemic stroke. The damage occurs due to the lack of nutrients and oxygen contributed by the blood flow. : The present review aims to analyze to what extent the lack of each of the elements of the system leads to damage and which mechanisms are unaffected by this deficiency. We believe that the specific analysis of the effect of lack of each component could lead to the emergence of new therapeutic targets for this important brain pathology.

scholarly journals Infective endocarditis caused by HACEK group bacteria—a registry-based comparative study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bläckberg ◽  
Christian Morenius ◽  
Lars Olaison ◽  
Andreas Berge ◽  
Magnus Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Prosthetic Valves

AbstractInfective endocarditis (IE) caused by bacteria within Haemophilus (excluding Haemophilus influenzae), Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella and Kingella (HACEK) is rare. This study aimed to describe clinical features of IE caused by HACEK genera in comparison with IE due to other pathogens. Cases of IE due to HACEK were identified through the Swedish Registry of Infective Endocarditis (SRIE). Clinical characteristics of IE cases caused by HACEK were compared with cases of IE due to other pathogens reported to the same registry. Ninety-six patients with IE caused by HACEK were identified, and this corresponds to 1.8% of all IE cases. Eighty-three cases were definite endocarditis, and the mortality rate was 2%. The median age was 63 years, which was lower compared to patients with IE caused by other pathogens (66, 70 and 73 years respectively, p ≤ 0.01). Patients with IE caused by Haemophilus were younger compared to patients with IE due to Aggregatibacter (47 vs 67 years, p ≤ 0.001). Patients with IE due to HACEK exhibited longer duration from onset of symptoms to hospitalization and had more prosthetic valve endocarditis compared to patients with IE due to Staphylococcus aureus (10 vs 2 days, p ≤ 0.001, and 35 vs 14%, p ≤ 0.001). This is, to date, the largest study on IE due to HACEK. Aggregatibacter was the most common cause of IE within the group. The condition has a subacute onset and often strikes in patients with prosthetic valves, and the mortality rate is relatively low.

scholarly journals Suicide prevention in low- and middle-income countries: part perceptions, partial solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

SummarySuicide, a common cause of death in many low- and middle-income countries, has often been viewed through a medical/psychiatric lens. Such perspectives medicalise social and personal distress and suggest individual and medication-based treatments. This editorial argues for the need to examine suicide from a public health perspective and suggests the need for population-based social and economic interventions.

Overdose of Dologesic with a Fatal Outcome: A Case Report

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
CY Man
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Accident And Emergency Department

Dologesic is a commonly prescribed analgesic in accident and emergency department. Yet report of overdose with this drug is not common. We report a case in which the patient developed cardiac arrest within an hour of ingestion. Dextropropoxyphene, a component of the drug Dologesic, used to be a common cause of fatalities after drug overdose in the seventies. It is highly toxic in overdose and therefore caution should be exercised when prescribing this drug.

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