Effects of Er:YAG and Diode Laser Irradiation on Dental Pulp Cells and Tissues

Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is to preserve the nerve and maintain healthy dental pulp tissue. Laser irradiation (LI) is beneficial for VPT. Understanding how LI affects dental pulp cells and tissues is necessary to elucidate the mechanism of reparative dentin and dentin regeneration. Here, we show how Er:YAG-LI and diode-LI modulated cell proliferation, apoptosis, gene expression, protease activation, and mineralization induction in dental pulp cells and tissues using cell culture, immunohistochemical, genetic, and protein analysis techniques. Both LIs promoted proliferation in porcine dental pulp-derived cell lines (PPU-7), although the cell growth rate between the LIs was different. In addition to proliferation, both LIs also caused apoptosis; however, the apoptotic index for Er:YAG-LI was higher than that for diode-LI. The mRNA level of odontoblastic gene markers—two dentin sialophosphoprotein splicing variants and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)20 were enhanced by diode-LI, whereas MMP2 was increased by Er:YAG-LI. Both LIs enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, suggesting that they may help induce PPU-7 differentiation into odontoblast-like cells. In terms of mineralization induction, the LIs were not significantly different, although their cell reactivity was likely different. Both LIs activated four MMPs in porcine dental pulp tissues. We helped elucidate how reparative dentin is formed during laser treatments.

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Regeneration of dental pulp tissue in immature teeth with apical periodontitis using platelet-rich plasma and dental pulp cells

International Endodontic Journal ◽

10.1111/iej.12087 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 962-970 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

W. Zhu ◽

X. Zhu ◽

G. T.-J. Huang ◽

G. S. P. Cheung ◽

W. L. Dissanayaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Pulp ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Apical Periodontitis ◽

Dental Pulp Cells ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Immature Teeth ◽

Dental Pulp Tissue ◽

Pulp Cells

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Carbon Dioxide Laser Irradiation Stimulates Mineralization in Dental Pulp Cells

Journal of Japanese Society for Laser Dentistry ◽

10.5984/jjpnsoclaserdent.21.197 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 197-202

Author(s):

Yoshiyuki YASUDA ◽

Takashi SAITO

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Laser Irradiation ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽

Dental Pulp Cells ◽

Pulp Cells

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Effects of Recombinant Dentin Sialoprotein in Dental Pulp Cells

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034511436113 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 407-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

S.-Y. Lee ◽

S.-Y. Kim ◽

S.-H. Park ◽

J.-J. Kim ◽

J.-H. Jang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Pulp ◽

Nuclear Translocation ◽

Nodule Formation ◽

Dental Pulp Cells ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Human Dental Pulp Cells ◽

Exogenous Addition ◽

Pulp Cells ◽

Dentin Sialoprotein ◽

And Migration

Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is critical for dentin mineralization. However, the function of dentin sialoprotein (DSP), the cleaved product of DSPP, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the signal transduction pathways and effects of recombinant human DSP (rh-DSP) on proliferation, migration, and odontoblastic differentiation in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). The exogenous addition of rh-DSP enhanced the proliferation and migration of HDPCs in dose- and time-dependent manners. rh-DSP markedly increased ALP activity, calcium nodule formation, and levels of odontoblastic marker mRNA. rh-DSP increased BMP-2 expression and Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation, which was blocked by the BMP antagonist, noggin. Furthermore, rh-DSP phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), Akt, and IκB-α, and induced the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit. Analysis of these data demonstrates a novel signaling function of rh-DSP for the promotion of growth, migration, and differentiation in HDPCS via the BMP/Smad, JNK, ERK, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways, suggesting that rh-DSP may have therapeutic utility in dentin regeneration or dental pulp tissue engineering.

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Influence of Hydrogen Peroxide on Mineralization in Dental Pulp Cells: A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Dental Medicine ◽

10.3389/fdmed.2021.689537 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandre Henrique dos Reis-Prado ◽

Isadora Rodrigues Grossi ◽

Hebertt Gonzaga dos Santos Chaves ◽

Carolina Bosso André ◽

Luís Fernando dos Santos Alves Morgan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Dental Pulp Cells ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Alp Activity ◽

Dental Hard Tissues ◽

Pulp Cells

Background: Dental bleaching agents show the ability to permeate through dental hard tissues, which may lead to pulp tissue changes. This systematic review (PROSPERO register: CRD42020213767) is aimed at understanding the effects of bleaching agents on the process of mineralization of the pulp tissue.Methods: Only in vitro studies evaluating the influence of hydrogen peroxide (HP) on mineralization in dental pulp cells were included. Studies without a non-bleached control group or cells after co-treatment with a bleaching agent other than HP and/or carbamide peroxide were excluded. The primary outcomes evaluated were alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule deposition. The mineralization markers analysis in dental pulp cells and the cell viability were considered secondary outcomes. Two independent authors conducted a systematic search (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and OpenGrey until January 2021) with no language restrictions and performed data extraction. The quality assessment was appraised according to a modified Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist.Results: The search resulted in 473 studies, and 11 were considered eligible. Overall, a reduction in the process of mineralization was observed among pulp cells after bleaching. A reduction in the ALP activity was reported in the mostly bleached groups using different protocols and analysis periods of nine studies. Regarding mineralized nodule deposition, 6 studies reported a significant reduction from 7 to 21 days among bleached groups. Of those three studies that investigated other mineralization markers, two found a reduction in the expression of dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein (DMP)-1, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) among some bleaching gel concentrations. In contrast, one study showed a greater expression of osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) in 100 μmol/L HP after 5 or 10 min of exposure, and another study showed significant induction of DSPP in concentrations of up to 0.5 mmol/L HP.Conclusion: Especially, high concentrations of bleaching gel reduce the potential of mineralization in pulp cells in in vitro studies; however, different HP concentrations, bleaching protocols, and analysis periods can influence this outcome.

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Biological Effects of Amelogenin Exon 5 Encoded Peptide from Enamel Matrix Derivative in Human Dental Pulp Cells

10.20944/preprints201801.0037.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Hirohito Kato ◽

Yoichiro Taguchi ◽

Kazuya Tominaga ◽

Masahiro Noguchi ◽

Kazutaka Imai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathway ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Mapk Signaling Pathway ◽

Enamel Matrix Derivative ◽

Dental Pulp Cells ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Dental Pulp Tissue ◽

Pulp Cells ◽

Matrix Derivative

Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is used for periodontal tissue regeneration therapy, and can induce mineralization in dental pulp cells (DPCs). We designed a synthetic peptide (SP) derived from the response of cells to EMD, and investigated the effect of the SP on potentiating osteogenesis in DPCs, which have a critical role of dental pulp homeostasis. DPCs were treated with 0, 10, 100, or 1000 ng/mL SP to determine its effect on cell proliferation, cell migration, cell differentiation, and mineralization. We then examined the molecular effects of the SP, focusing on changes in the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway in these cells. The SP significantly promoted DPC proliferation and migration. Cultures treated with the SP also showed an enhanced expression of markers of osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. The SP also induced the activation of MAPK signaling pathway components. These results suggest that our SP could promote the dental pulp tissue repair by hard tissue formation and the mineralization through activating MAPK signaling pathway. This study provides the first evidence that SP might be a new material for dental pulp tissue treatment.

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Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 1 Promotes Odontoblastic Differentiation and Reparative Dentin Formation in Dental Pulp Cells

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10092491 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 2491

Author(s):

Keita Ipposhi ◽

Atsushi Tomokiyo ◽

Taiga Ono ◽

Kozue Yamashita ◽

Muhammad Anas Alhasan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Pulp ◽

Nodule Formation ◽

Dental Pulp Cells ◽

Related Protein ◽

Direct Pulp Capping ◽

Odontoblastic Differentiation ◽

Reparative Dentin ◽

Pulp Cells ◽

Dentin Formation ◽

Reparative Dentin Formation

Direct pulp capping is an effective treatment for preserving dental pulp against carious or traumatic pulp exposure via the formation of protective reparative dentin by odontoblast-like cells. Reparative dentin formation can be stimulated by several signaling molecules; therefore, we investigated the effects of secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP) 1 that was reported to be strongly expressed in odontoblasts of newborn molar tooth germs on odontoblastic differentiation and reparative dentin formation. In developing rat incisors, cells in the dental pulp, cervical loop, and inner enamel epithelium, as well as ameloblasts and preodontoblasts, weakly expressed Sfrp1; however, Sfrp1 was strongly expressed in mature odontoblasts. Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) showed stronger expression of SFRP1 compared with periodontal ligament cells and gingival cells. SFRP1 knockdown in hDPCs abolished calcium chloride-induced mineralized nodule formation and odontoblast-related gene expression and decreased BMP-2 gene expression. Conversely, SFRP1 stimulation enhanced nodule formation and expression of BMP-2. Direct pulp capping treatment with SFRP1 induced the formation of a considerable amount of reparative dentin that has a structure similar to primary dentin. Our results indicate that SFRP1 is crucial for dentinogenesis and is important in promoting reparative dentin formation in response to injury.

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Time-Dependent Response of Human Deciduous Tooth-Derived Dental Pulp Cells Treated with TheraCal LC: Functional Analysis of Gene Interactions Compared to MTA

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9020531 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 531 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ok Hyung Nam ◽

Jae-Hwan Kim ◽

Sung Chul Choi ◽

Young Kim

Keyword(s):

Functional Analysis ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Deciduous Tooth ◽

Functional Enrichment ◽

Receptor Interaction ◽

Dental Pulp Cells ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Pulp Capping ◽

Pulp Cells

Pulp capping material should facilitate hard tissue regeneration on the injured pulp tissue. TheraCal LC (TC) was recently developed. Although TC has shown reliable clinical outcomes after direct pulp capping, there are still remaining concerns regarding its detrimental effect on pulp cells. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the gene expression of human deciduous tooth-derived dental pulp cells exposed to TC compared to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The cells were cultured and exposed to TC and MTA for 24 and 72 h. Next, total RNA was isolated. QuantSeq 3′ mRNA-sequencing was used to examine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in exposed to TC and MTA. Functional analysis of DEGs was performed using bioinformatics analysis. In gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis, cells in TC for 24 h presented significantly enriched immune response (p < 0.001) and inflammatory response (p < 0.01) compared to MTA. TC showed enriched positive regulation of cell migration at 72 h (p < 0.001). In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction (p = 1.19 × 10−7) and calcium signaling pathway (p = 2.96 × 10−5) were confirmed in the shared DEGs in TC. In conclusion, DEGs in TC may be involved in pathways associated with osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic differentiation.

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