scholarly journals Mechanistic Insights into Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Mediated Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bahadur ◽  
Asfa Batool ◽  
Fahad Nasir ◽  
Shengjin Jiang ◽  
Qin Mingsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic interaction with 80% of known land plants. It has a pronounced impact on plant growth, water absorption, mineral nutrition, and protection from abiotic stresses. Plants are very dynamic systems having great adaptability under continuously changing drying conditions. In this regard, the function of AMF as a biological tool for improving plant drought stress tolerance and phenotypic plasticity, in terms of establishing mutualistic associations, seems an innovative approach towards sustainable agriculture. However, a better understanding of these complex interconnected signaling pathways and AMF-mediated mechanisms that regulate the drought tolerance in plants will enhance its potential application as an innovative approach in environmentally friendly agriculture. This paper reviews the underlying mechanisms that are confidently linked with plant–AMF interaction in alleviating drought stress, constructing emphasis on phytohormones and signaling molecules and their interaction with biochemical, and physiological processes to maintain the homeostasis of nutrient and water cycling and plant growth performance. Likewise, the paper will analyze how the AMF symbiosis helps the plant to overcome the deleterious effects of stress is also evaluated. Finally, we review how interactions between various signaling mechanisms governed by AMF symbiosis modulate different physiological responses to improve drought tolerance. Understanding the AMF-mediated mechanisms that are important for regulating the establishment of the mycorrhizal association and the plant protective responses towards unfavorable conditions will open new approaches to exploit AMF as a bioprotective tool against drought.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth and drought tolerance of Zenia insignis seedlings under drought stress

New Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongfeng Zhang ◽  
Jinchi Zhang ◽  
Guangping Xu ◽  
Longwu Zhou ◽  
Yanqiong Li
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

scholarly journals Coordinated Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soybean MAPK Pathway Genes Improved Mycorrhizal Soybean Drought Tolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilei Liu ◽  
Yuanjing Li ◽  
Lina Ma ◽  
Haichao Wei ◽  
Jianfeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mapk Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in the stress response in both plants and microorganisms. The mycorrhizal symbiosis established between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants can enhance plant drought tolerance, which might be closely related to the fungal MAPK response and the molecular dialogue between fungal and soybean MAPK cascades. To verify the above hypothesis, germinal Glomus intraradices (syn. Rhizophagus irregularis) spores and potted experiments were conducted. The results showed that AMF GiMAPKs with high homology with MAPKs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae had different gene expression patterns under different conditions (nitrogen starvation, abscisic acid treatment, and drought). Drought stress upregulated the levels of fungi and soybean MAPK transcripts in mycorrhizal soybean roots, indicating the possibility of a molecular dialogue between the two symbiotic sides of symbiosis and suggesting that they might cooperate to regulate the mycorrhizal soybean drought-stress response. Meanwhile, the changes in hydrogen peroxide, soluble sugar, and proline levels in mycorrhizal soybean as well as in the accelerated exchange of carbon and nitrogen in the symbionts were contributable to drought adaptation of the host plants. Thus, it can be preliminarily inferred that the interactions of MAPK signals on both sides, symbiotic fungus and plant, might regulate the response of symbiosis and, thus, improve the resistance of mycorrhizal soybean to drought stress.

scholarly journals Exploring mycorrhizal fungi in walnut with a focus on physiological roles

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 12363
Author(s):  
Wen-Ya MA ◽  
Qiang-Sheng WU ◽  
Yong-Jie XU ◽  
Kamil KUČA
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Nut Production

Walnuts are an economically important forest tree used for timber and nut production, and the nut of fruits is rich in various nutrients, becoming one of the four important nuts in the world. Walnuts have deep roots, which can be colonized by either ectomycorrhizal fungi or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil. These mycorrhizal fungi form beneficial symbioses in roots of walnut. A large number of ectomycorrhizal fungi have been identified, whilst Boletus edulis, Calvatia uiacina, and Cantharelles cibarius isolated from walnut orchards stimulated plant growth and gave the capacity of stress tolerance in walnut. Moreover, Carya illinoensis is a very good host plant for commercial production of truffles, especially Tuber indicum. In addition, ectomycorrhizal fungi accelerate plant growth and enhance potential stress tolerance of walnuts. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi also showed the improvement of plant growth and nutrient acquisition of walnut, the enhancement of drought tolerance in walnut, nutrient redistribution under walnut interplanting patterns, and the delivery of juglone by mycorrhizal hyphae. A culturable in vitro arbuscular mycorrhizal like fungus Piriformospora indica also enhanced salt tolerance of walnut plants. In this mini-review, the physiological roles of mycorrhizal fungi, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, ectomycorrhizal fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal like fungus (P. indica) on walnut plants are summarized, and future outlooks in the field are proposed.

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