Animal Models of Pneumococcal pneumonia

Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common bacterial pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infections and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in children and the elderly. Another important aspect related to pneumococcal infections is the persistent rate of penicillin and macrolide resistance. Therefore, animal models have been developed to better understand the pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease and test new therapeutic agents and vaccines. This narrative review will focus on the characteristics of the different animal pneumococcal pneumonia models. The assessment of the different animal models will include considerations regarding pneumococcal strains, microbiology properties, procedures used for bacterial inoculation, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive approaches.

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Empirical antibiotic therapy (ABT) of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in the elderly: Application of artificial neural network (ANN). Preliminary results

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics ◽

10.1016/j.archger.2011.09.006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 499-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nicolò Gueli ◽

Andrea Martinez ◽

Walter Verrusio ◽

Adele Linguanti ◽

Paola Passador ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Artificial Neural Network ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

The Elderly ◽

Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽

Tract Infections

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Seasonality of Both Bacteremic and Nonbacteremic Pneumonia Coincides With Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Early Childhood, in Contrast to Nonpneumonia Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, in the Pre-Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/civ023 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 60 (9) ◽

pp. 1384-1387 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Shalom Ben-Shimol ◽

David Greenberg ◽

Guy Hazan ◽

Yonat Shemer-Avni ◽

Noga Givon-Lavi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Pneumococcal Disease ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Tract Infections

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Perioperative care of the newborns with CHDs in the time of COVID-19

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951120001845 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 946-954 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dilek Dilli ◽

Irfan Taşoğlu

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Perioperative Management ◽

Cardiac Injury ◽

The Elderly ◽

Limited Data ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Cardiac Lesions ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Severe Pulmonary Disease ◽

Management Issues

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel betacoronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has led to an unexpected outbreak affecting people of all ages. The first data showed that COVID-19 could cause severe pulmonary disease, cardiac injury, and death in adults, especially the elderly and those with concomitant diseases. Currently, it was demonstrated that severe COVID-19 may also develop in neonatal age, although rarely. Newborns with CHD are known to be at high risk for increased morbidity from viral lower respiratory tract infections because of underlying anatomical cardiac lesions. There are limited data on the implications of COVID-19 on patients with cardiovascular disease, especially for those with CHD. Herein, we aimed to summarise the COVID-19-specific perioperative management issues for newborns with CHD by combining available data from the perspectives of neonatology and paediatric cardiovascular surgery.

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Prognostic factors for serious morbidity and mortality from community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections among the elderly in primary care

Family Practice ◽

10.1093/fampra/cmi020 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 375-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

E Hak ◽

J Bont ◽

AW Hoes ◽

TJM Verheij

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Prognostic Factors ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

The Elderly ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Tract Infections

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Appropriate antibiotic management of bacterial lower respiratory tract infections

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.14226.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1121 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Charles Feldman ◽

Guy Richards

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Empiric Therapy ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Pneumococcal Infections ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Tract Infections

Lower respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of infectious disease deaths worldwide and are the fifth leading cause of death overall. This is despite conditions such as pneumococcal infections and influenza being largely preventable with the use of appropriate vaccines. The mainstay of treatment for the most important bacterial lower respiratory tract infections, namely acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), is the use of antibiotics. Yet despite a number of recent publications, including clinical studies as well as several systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses, there is considerable ongoing controversy as to what the most appropriate antibiotics are for the empiric therapy of CAP in the different settings (outpatient, inpatient, and intensive care unit). Furthermore, in the case of AECOPD, there is a need for consideration of which of these exacerbations actually need antibiotic treatment. This article describes these issues and makes suggestions for appropriately managing these conditions, in the setting of the need for antimicrobial stewardship initiatives designed to slow current emerging rates of antibiotic resistance, while improving patient outcomes.

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