scholarly journals Light Weight, Easy Formable and Non-Toxic Polymer-Based Composites for Hard X-ray Shielding: A Theoretical and Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Lopresti ◽  
Gabriele Alberto ◽  
Simone Cantamessa ◽  
Giorgio Cantino ◽  
Eleonora Conterosito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bismuth Oxide ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Industrial Radiography ◽  
Ecoinvent Database ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
Aerospace Medical ◽  
Shielding Properties ◽  
Reduced Toxicity ◽  
Medical Analysis

Composite lightweight materials for X-ray shielding applications were studied and developed with the goal of replacing traditional screens made of lead and steel, with innovative materials with similar shielding properties, but lighter, more easily formed and workable, with lower impact on the environment and reduced toxicity for human health. New epoxy based composites additivated with barium sulfate and bismuth oxide were designed through simulations performed with softwares based on Geant4. Then, they were prepared and characterized using different techniques starting from digital radiography in order to test the radiopacity of the composites, in comparison with traditional materials. The lower environmental impact and toxicity of these innovative screens were quantified by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) calculation based on the ecoinvent database, within the openLCA framework. Optimized mixtures are (i) 20% epoxy/60% bismuth oxide/20% barite, which guarantees the best performance in X-ray shielding, largely overcoming steel, but higher in costs and a weight reduction of circa 60%; (ii) 20% epoxy/40% bismuth oxide/40% barite which has slightly lower performances in shielding, but it is lighter and cheaper than the first one and (iii) the 20% epoxy/20% bismuth oxide/60% barite which is the cheapest material, still maintaining the X-ray shielding of steel. Depending on cost/efficiency request of the specific application (industrial radiography, aerospace, medical analysis), the final user can choose among the proposed solutions.

scholarly journals X-ray Shielding, Mechanical, Physical, and Water Absorption Properties of Wood/PVC Composites Containing Bismuth Oxide

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2212
Author(s):  
Worawat Poltabtim ◽  
Ekachai Wimolmala ◽  
Teerasak Markpin ◽  
Narongrit Sombatsompop ◽  
Vichai Rosarpitak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Bismuth Oxide ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Equivalent Thickness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Impact

The potential utilization of wood/polyvinyl chloride (WPVC) composites containing an X-ray protective filler, namely bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) particles, was investigated as novel, safe, and environmentally friendly X-ray shielding materials. The wood and Bi2O3 contents used in this work varied from 20 to 40 parts per hundred parts of PVC by weight (pph) and from 0 to 25, 50, 75, and 100 pph, respectively. The study considered X-ray shielding, mechanical, density, water absorption, and morphological properties. The results showed that the overall X-ray shielding parameters, namely the linear attenuation coefficient (µ), mass attenuation coefficient (µm), and lead equivalent thickness (Pbeq), of the WPVC composites increased with increasing Bi2O3 contents but slightly decreased at higher wood contents (40 pph). Furthermore, comparative Pbeq values between the wood/PVC composites and similar commercial X-ray shielding boards indicated that the recommended Bi2O3 contents for the 20 pph (40 ph) wood/PVC composites were 35, 85, and 40 pph (40, 100, and 45 pph) for the attenuation of 60, 100, and 150-kV X-rays, respectively. In addition, the increased Bi2O3 contents in the WPVC composites enhanced the Izod impact strength, hardness (Shore D), and density, but reduced water absorption. On the other hand, the increased wood contents increased the impact strength, hardness (Shore D), and water absorption but lowered the density of the composites. The overall results suggested that the developed WPVC composites had great potential to be used as effective X-ray shielding materials with Bi2O3 acting as a suitable X-ray protective filler.

X-ray and neutron scattering study of the structure of lithium bismuth oxide glass

2002 ◽  
Vol 297 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Watanabe ◽  
Tokuro Nanba ◽  
Yoshinari Miura
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Bismuth Oxide ◽  
Oxide Glass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Study ◽  
Neutron Scattering Study

scholarly journals Estimation of the X/γ- ray shielding properties of different glass system using Monte Carlo Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1117-1122
Author(s):  
Ayano Shanko, MD, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Glass System ◽  
Effective Electron ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shielding Properties ◽  
Mass Attenuation

The aim of the research is to estimate the X-ray shielding properties of different glass systems using Monte Carlo Simulation. X-ray glass is also known as radiation shielding glass. Glass provides protection against the absorption of energy radiation. The shielding layer is formed by a high concentration of lead and barium. The mass attenuation coefficient, the effective atomic number and the effective electron density are used to determine the position of gamma-ray photons in matter. Shield characterization in terms of mass attenuation coefficient (μm), transmission fraction (T), effective atomic numbers (Zeff), half-value layer (HVL) and exposure build-up. factor (EBF) of a glass system is estimated by the Monte Carlo Simulation. The random sampling and statistical analysis are computed using the monte carlo simulation. Various external factors are considered as the input parameters. The different composition of the glass will be examined using the Monte Carlo simulation and the shielding capability would be determined for the various samples.

Crystal growth and X-ray investigation of a layered bismuth oxide sulfate in the CoSO4 – Bi2O3 system

1991 ◽  
Vol 194 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Fanariotis ◽  
P. J. Rentzeperis
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Bismuth Oxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxide Sulfate

AbstractA bismuth oxide sulfate, [Bi

scholarly journals Designing and Fabricating Nano-Structured and Micro-Structured Radiation Shields for Protection against CBCT Exposure

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiana Nikeghbal ◽  
Zahra Zamanian ◽  
Shoaleh Shahidi ◽  
Gianrico Spagnuolo ◽  
Parisa Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Material ◽  
Radiation Shields ◽  
Shielding Properties

Researchers have always been interested in finding new and effective materials for protection against radiation. This experimental study aimed to design and fabricate new types of nano-material and micro-material based shields against the ionizing effect of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) X-rays. To fabricate a flexible prototype, we added dioctyl phthalate (DOP) oil to emulsion polyvinyl chloride (PVC) powder. The paste was mixed and dispersed. Then, nano- and micro-powders of WO3 and Bi2O3 were added to the paste, with the weight ratio of 20% PVC, 20% DOP, and 60% nano- and micro-metals. Using an ultrasonic mixer, the polymer matrix and metals were mixed and a paste with a thick texture was developed. The resultant paste was poured into glass molds and the molds were then heated in an oven. After cooling, the resultant sheets were selected for further experiments. A CBCT unit and dosimeter were used to evaluate the characterization and X-ray shielding properties of the fabricated prototypes. The half-value layers (HVL) for nano-WO3, micro-WO3, nano-Bi2O3, and micro-Bi2O3 were 0.0390, 0.0524, 0.0351, and 0.0374 cm, respectively. In addition, the linear attenuation coefficient (µ) for these materials were 17.77, 13.20, 19.71, and 18.5 cm−1, respectively. The findings indicate that nano-structured samples are more effective in the attenuation of X-ray energy. The nano-structured WO3 prototype was nearly 34% more efficient in attenuating radiation compared to the micro-structured WO3 prototype. This difference in nano- and micro-structured Bi2O3 prototypes was 6.5%.

Mechanical and gamma radiation shielding properties of natural rubber composites: effects of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and lead oxide (PbO)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ekwipoo Kalkornsuranee ◽  
Sirilak Intom ◽  
Nussana Lehman ◽  
Jobish Johns ◽  
Suchart Kothan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Bismuth Oxide ◽  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Shielding Properties

X-ray digital industrial radiography (DIR) for local liquid velocity (VLL) measurement in trickle bed reactors (TBRs): Validation of the technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 065113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairul Anuar Mohd Salleh ◽  
Mohd Fitri Abdul Rahman ◽  
Hyoung Koo Lee ◽  
Muthanna H. Al Dahhan
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Velocity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Industrial Radiography ◽  
Trickle Bed Reactors ◽  
Trickle Bed
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