scholarly journals The Role of MicroRNA in the Airway Surface Liquid Homeostasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilay Mitash ◽  
Joshua E. Donovan ◽  
Agnieszka Swiatecka-Urban
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Airway Surface Liquid ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Surface Liquid

Mucociliary clearance, mediated by a coordinated function of cilia bathing in the airway surface liquid (ASL) on the surface of airway epithelium, protects the host from inhaled pathogens and is an essential component of the innate immunity. ASL is composed of the superficial mucus layer and the deeper periciliary liquid. Ion channels, transporters, and pumps coordinate the transcellular and paracellular movement of ions and water to maintain the ASL volume and mucus hydration. microRNA (miRNA) is a class of non-coding, short single-stranded RNA regulating gene expression by post-transcriptional mechanisms. miRNAs have been increasingly recognized as essential regulators of ion channels and transporters responsible for ASL homeostasis. miRNAs also influence the airway host defense. We summarize the most up-to-date information on the role of miRNAs in ASL homeostasis and host–pathogen interactions in the airway and discuss concepts for miRNA-directed therapy.

scholarly journals Ion channels of the lung and their role in disease pathogenesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (5) ◽  
pp. L859-L872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafal Bartoszewski ◽  
Sadis Matalon ◽  
James F. Collawn
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Airway Surface Liquid ◽  
Bacterial Removal ◽  
Normal Lung Function ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Surface Liquid ◽  
And Function ◽  
Conducting Airways

Maintenance of normal epithelial ion and water transport in the lungs includes providing a thin layer of surface liquid that coats the conducting airways. This airway surface liquid is critical for normal lung function in a number of ways but, perhaps most importantly, is required for normal mucociliary clearance and bacterial removal. Preservation of the appropriate level of hydration, pH, and viscosity for the airway surface liquid requires the proper regulation and function of a battery of different types of ion channels and transporters. Here we discuss how alterations in ion channel/transporter function often lead to lung pathologies.

scholarly journals Hypertonic Saline in Treatment of Pulmonary Disease in Cystic Fibrosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emer P. Reeves ◽  
Kevin Molloy ◽  
Kerstin Pohl ◽  
Noel G. McElvaney
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Airway Surface Liquid ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Surface Liquid ◽  
Subsequent Failure

The pathogenesis of lung disease in cystic fibrosis is characterised by decreased airway surface liquid volume and subsequent failure of normal mucociliary clearance. Mucus within the cystic fibrosis airways is enriched in negatively charged matrices composed of DNA released from colonizing bacteria or inflammatory cells, as well as F-actin and elevated concentrations of anionic glycosaminoglycans. Therapies acting against airway mucus in cystic fibrosis include aerosolized hypertonic saline. It has been shown that hypertonic saline possesses mucolytic properties and aids mucociliary clearance by restoring the liquid layer lining the airways. However, recent clinical and bench-top studies are beginning to broaden our view on the beneficial effects of hypertonic saline, which now extend to include anti-infective as well as anti-inflammatory properties. This review aims to discuss the described therapeutic benefits of hypertonic saline and specifically to identify novel models of hypertonic saline action independent of airway hydration.

scholarly journals The Role of Innate Immunity in the Host Defense Against Intestinal Bacterial Pathogens

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Sotolongo ◽  
Jose Ruiz ◽  
Masayuki Fukata
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens

scholarly journals Role of innate immunity-triggered pathways in the pathogenesis of Sickle Cell Disease: a meta-analysis of gene expression studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidossessi Wilfried Hounkpe ◽  
Maiara Marx Luz Fiusa ◽  
Marina Pereira Colella ◽  
Loredana Nilkenes Gomes da Costa ◽  
Rafaela de Oliveira Benatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Gene Expression Studies

A Comparison of the Elemental Concentrations Obtained using X-ray Microanalysis of Bulk Cryofractured and Ultrathin Cryosectioned Mucus Layer of the Airway Surface Liquid in Mouse Trachea

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
C.A. Ackerley ◽  
G. Kent ◽  
Y.M. Heng ◽  
A. Tilups ◽  
L.E. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Airway Surface Liquid ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Major Function ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Surface Liquid ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pathological Material

The airways are lined with a thin film consisting of two layers. A watery layer, the airway surface liquid (ASL) surrounds the cilia and its major function is to serve as a medium for ciliary boating of mucus out of the respiratory system. The other layer is a viscous mucus layer consisting mainly of airway cellular secretions and cellular debris.The composition and effects of altered concentrations of the constitutive elements in the ASL and mucus layer remain a mystery. in human patients, attempts have been made to determine the composition of these layers by sampling with a filter paper by touching it to the mucosa and wetting it by capillary action. This material was then removed from the filter paper and quantitative analyses using energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) and a Hall’s thin film correction routine performed on the residue. Although differences were detected between normal and pathological material, these results did not reflect the composition of the individual layers but an average of both.Attempts have been made to determine the elemental composition of these layers in intact and in cultured rabbit trachea, bovine trachea and hamster trachea.

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