Control of the Autophagy Pathway in Osteoarthritis: Key Regulators, Therapeutic Targets and Therapeutic Strategies

Autophagy is involved in different degenerative diseases and it may control epigenetic modifications, metabolic processes, stem cells differentiation as well as apoptosis. Autophagy plays a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of cartilage, the tissue produced by chondrocytes; its impairment has been associated to cartilage dysfunctions such as osteoarthritis (OA). Due to their location in a reduced oxygen context, both differentiating and mature chondrocytes are at risk of premature apoptosis, which can be prevented by autophagy. AutophagomiRNAs, which regulate the autophagic process, have been found differentially expressed in OA. AutophagomiRNAs, as well as other regulatory molecules, may also be useful as therapeutic targets. In this review, we describe and discuss the role of autophagy in OA, focusing mainly on the control of autophagomiRNAs in OA pathogenesis and their potential therapeutic applications.

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Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth and their Promise as Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Neurological Diseases and Injuries

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x17666211229155533 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Lingyi Huang ◽

Zizhuo Zheng ◽

Ding Bai ◽

Xianglong Han

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Potential Role ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Research Attention ◽

Considerable Potential ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Abstract: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are relatively easy to isolate from exfoliated deciduous teeth, which are obtained via dental therapy as biological waste. SHEDs originate from the embryonic neural crest and therefore have considerable potential for neurogenic differentiation. Currently, an increasing amount of research attention is focused on the therapeutic applications of SHEDs in neurological diseases and injuries. In this article, we summarize the biological characteristics of SHEDs and the potential role of SHEDs and their derivatives, including conditioned medium from SHEDs and the exosomes they secrete, in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases and injuries.

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Editorial: Role of Cancer Stem Cells in Common Gastrointestinal Cancers: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Targets

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x1105160510000736 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 426-426

Author(s):

Yumin Li ◽

Liang Qiao

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Therapeutic Targets ◽

Gastrointestinal Cancers

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Transplanted embryonic retinal stem cells have the potential to repair the injured retina in mice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-42741/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xia Feng ◽

Peng Chen ◽

Xin Zhao ◽

Jing Wang ◽

Hong Wang

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Optic Nerve ◽

Intravitreal Injection ◽

Brdu Incorporation ◽

Positive Staining ◽

Degenerative Diseases ◽

Nerve Crush ◽

Body Tissues ◽

Retinal Degenerative Diseases

Abstract Background: Stem cell transplantation has been reported as one of the promising strategies to treat retinal degenerative diseases. But, the application and the role of retina stem cells (RSCs) in the treatment of patients with retinal degenerative diseases have not been fully revealed. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of transplantation of the embryo-derived RSCs into the vitreous cavity in repairing the damaged retina in mice.Methods: RSCs were isolated from Kunming mice E17 embryonic retina and ciliary body tissues, and labeled with 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridin (BrdU). Retinal optic nerve crush injury was induced in left eyes in male Kunming mice by ring clamping the optic nerve. The 6th-generation of BrdU-labeled RSCs were transplanted into the damaged retina by the intravitreal injection, and saline injected eyes were used as the control. Hematoxylin and eosin histological staining, and BrdU, Nestin and Pax6 immunostaining were performed. Electroretinogram (ERG) was used for assessing the electrical activity of the retina.Results: Embryo-derived RSCs were identified by the positive stains of Pax6 and Nestin. BrdU incorporation was detected in the majority of RSCs. The damaged retina showed cellular nuclear disintegration and fragmentation in the retinal tissue which progressed over the periods of clamping time, and decreased amplitudes of a and b waves in ERG. In the damaged retina with RSCs transplantation, the positive staining for BrdU, Pax6 and Nestin were revealed on the retinal surface. Notably, RSCs migrated into the retinal ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear. Transplanted RSCs significantly elevated the amplitudes of a waves in retina injured eyes.Conclusions: Embryonic RSCs have similar characteristics to neural stem cells. Transplantation of RSCs by intravitreal injection would be able to repair the damaged retina.

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Potential role of cancer stem cells as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cervical cancer

Cancer Reports ◽

10.1002/cnr2.1144 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. e1144

Author(s):

Niyati Sudhalkar ◽

Nidul P. Rathod ◽

Ashwathi Mathews ◽

Supriya Chopra ◽

Harshini Sriram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Potential Role ◽

Therapeutic Targets

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The role of adipose stem cells in inflammatory bowel disease: From biology to novel therapeutic strategies

Cancer Biology & Therapy ◽

10.1080/15384047.2016.1210741 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 889-898 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Francesco De Francesco ◽

Maurizio Romano ◽

Laura Zarantonello ◽

Cesare Ruffolo ◽

Daniele Neri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Adipose Stem Cells ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Novel Therapeutic

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Role of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Related Precursors as Therapeutic Targets for Age-Related Degenerative Diseases: Rationale, Biochemistry, Pharmacokinetics, and Outcomes

Antioxidants and Redox Signaling ◽

10.1089/ars.2017.7269 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 251-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Nady Braidy ◽

Jade Berg ◽

James Clement ◽

Fatemeh Khorshidi ◽

Anne Poljak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽

Therapeutic Targets ◽

Nicotinamide Adenine ◽

Degenerative Diseases ◽

Age Related

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Transplanted embryonic retinal stem cells have the potential to repair the injured retina in mice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-42741/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xia Feng ◽

Peng Chen ◽

Xin Zhao ◽

Jing Wang ◽

Hong Wang

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Intravitreal Injection ◽

Brdu Incorporation ◽

Positive Staining ◽

Degenerative Diseases ◽

Retinal Injury ◽

Nuclear Disintegration ◽

Body Tissues ◽

Retinal Degenerative Diseases

Abstract Background: Stem cell transplantation has been reported as one of the promising strategies to treat retinal degenerative diseases. But, the application and the role of retina stem cells (RSCs) in the treatment of patients with retinal degenerative diseases have not been fully revealed. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of transplantation of the embryo-derived RSCs into the vitreous cavity in repairing the damaged retina in mice. Methods: RSCs were isolated from Kunming mice E17 embryonic retina and ciliary body tissues, and labeled with 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridin (BrdU). Retinal injury was induced in left eyes in male Kunming mice by ring clamping the optic nerve. The 6th-generation of BrdU-labeled RSCs were transplanted into the damaged retina by the intravitreal injection, and saline injected eyes were used as the control. Hematoxylin and eosin histological staining, and BrdU, Nestin and Pax6 immunostaining were performed. Electroretinogram (ERG) was used for assessing the electrical activity of the retina. Results: Embryo-derived RSCs were identified by the positive stains of Pax6 and Nestin. BrdU incorporation was detected in the majority of RSCs. The damaged retina showed cellular nuclear disintegration and fragmentation in the retinal tissue which progressed over the periods of clamping time, and decreased amplitudes of a and b waves in ERG. In the damaged retina with RSCs transplantation, the positive staining for BrdU, Pax6 and Nestin were revealed on the retinal surface. Notably, a small amount of RSCs migrated into the retinal ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear. Transplanted RSCs significantly elevated the amplitudes of a waves in retina injured eyes. Conclusions: Embryonic RSCs have similar characteristics to neural stem cells. Transplantation of RSCs by intravitreal injection would be able to repair the damaged retina.

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Therapeutic Strategies in Ocular Tissue Regeneration: The Role of Stem Cells

Strategies in Regenerative Medicine ◽

10.1007/978-0-387-74660-9_11 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

K. Ramaesh ◽

N. Stone ◽

B. Dhillon

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Ocular Tissue

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Lung Cancer Stem Cells: An Epigenetic Perspective

Current Cancer Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1568009617666170206104623 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 16-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samriddhi Shukla ◽

Sajid Khan ◽

Sonam Sinha ◽

Syed Musthapa Meeran

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Epigenetic Modifications ◽

Normal Lung ◽

Stem Cell Markers ◽

Lung Epithelium ◽

Lung Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Cancer Types

Lung cancer remains the major cause of human mortality among all the cancer types despite the colossal amount of efforts to prevent the cancer onset and to provide the appropriate cure. Recent reports have identified that important contributors of lung cancer-related mortality are the drug resistance and aggressive tumor relapse, the characteristics contributed by the presence of lung cancer stem cells (CSCs). The identification of lung CSCs is inherently complex due to the quiescent nature of lung epithelium, which makes the distinction between the normal lung epithelium and lung CSCs difficult. Recently, multiple researches have helped in the identification of lung CSCs based on the presence or absence of certain specific types of stem cell markers. Maintenance of lung CSCs is chiefly mediated through the epigenetic modifications of their genome. In this review, we will discuss about the origin of lung CSCs and the role of epigenetic modifications in their maintenance. We will also discuss in brief the major lung CSC markers and the therapeutic approaches to selectively target this population of cells.

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