scholarly journals 3D Printed Multiphasic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Repair: Challenges and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12420
Author(s):  
Stephanie E. Doyle ◽  
Finn Snow ◽  
Serena Duchi ◽  
Cathal D. O’Connell ◽  
Carmine Onofrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Function ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Joint Injuries ◽  
Calcified Cartilage ◽  
Osteochondral Repair ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Tissue Region ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Regenerative Cells ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Osteochondral (OC) defects are debilitating joint injuries characterized by the loss of full thickness articular cartilage along with the underlying calcified cartilage through to the subchondral bone. While current surgical treatments can provide some relief from pain, none can fully repair all the components of the OC unit and restore its native function. Engineering OC tissue is challenging due to the presence of the three distinct tissue regions. Recent advances in additive manufacturing provide unprecedented control over the internal microstructure of bioscaffolds, the patterning of growth factors and the encapsulation of potentially regenerative cells. These developments are ushering in a new paradigm of ‘multiphasic’ scaffold designs in which the optimal micro-environment for each tissue region is individually crafted. Although the adoption of these techniques provides new opportunities in OC research, it also introduces challenges, such as creating tissue interfaces, integrating multiple fabrication techniques and co-culturing different cells within the same construct. This review captures the considerations and capabilities in developing 3D printed OC scaffolds, including materials, fabrication techniques, mechanical function, biological components and design.

scholarly journals Nanocarbon-Enhanced 2D Photoelectrodes: A New Paradigm in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ke ◽  
Fan He ◽  
Hui Wu ◽  
Siliu Lyu ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Co Catalysts ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Double Hydroxides ◽  
Pec Water Splitting

AbstractSolar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting systems are highly promising for converting solar energy into clean and sustainable chemical energy. In such PEC systems, an integrated photoelectrode incorporates a light harvester for absorbing solar energy, an interlayer for transporting photogenerated charge carriers, and a co-catalyst for triggering redox reactions. Thus, understanding the correlations between the intrinsic structural properties and functions of the photoelectrodes is crucial. Here we critically examine various 2D layered photoanodes/photocathodes, including graphitic carbon nitrides, transition metal dichalcogenides, layered double hydroxides, layered bismuth oxyhalide nanosheets, and MXenes, combined with advanced nanocarbons (carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphdiyne) as co-catalysts to assemble integrated photoelectrodes for oxygen evolution/hydrogen evolution reactions. The fundamental principles of PEC water splitting and physicochemical properties of photoelectrodes and the associated catalytic reactions are analyzed. Elaborate strategies for the assembly of 2D photoelectrodes with nanocarbons to enhance the PEC performances are introduced. The mechanisms of interplay of 2D photoelectrodes and nanocarbon co-catalysts are further discussed. The challenges and opportunities in the field are identified to guide future research for maximizing the conversion efficiency of PEC water splitting.

Custom Design & Fabrication of 3D printed cast for ankle immobilisation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guruprasad Kuppu Rao ◽  
Tanmay Shah ◽  
Vijay Dayanand Shetty ◽  
B. Ravi
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Tibia Bone ◽  
Joint Injuries ◽  
Custom Design ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
3D Printed

<p>Management of bone and joint injuries is commonly done by immobilisation using plaster/fibreglass casts. This study describes design and fabrication of patient specific cast using 3D printing.  The 3D printed cast while being patient friendly is superior to earlier casts in healing efficacy and hence redefines the joint immobilisation practice. We present here a case of “walk on brace” design and fabrication using 3D printing. The custom design of ankle immobilisation cast was done for an 18-year-old boy having tibia bone fracture during gymnastic activity. The workflow comprises of anatomical data acquisition, CAD, 3D printing, post processing and clinical approval for use. Additional features such as straps, anti-slip inner surface and tread for floor grip were incorporated in the design. </p>

scholarly journals 3D-Printable Nanocellulose-Based Functional Materials: Fundamentals and Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2358
Author(s):  
Abraham Samuel Finny ◽  
Oluwatosin Popoola ◽  
Silvana Andreescu
Keyword(s):  
Functional Materials ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Electrochromic Devices ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Scalable Production ◽  
Novel Products

Nanomaterials obtained from sustainable and natural sources have seen tremendous growth in recent times due to increasing interest in utilizing readily and widely available resources. Nanocellulose materials extracted from renewable biomasses hold great promise for increasing the sustainability of conventional materials in various applications owing to their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, ease of functionalization, and high abundance. Nanocellulose can be used to reinforce mechanical strength, impart antimicrobial activity, provide lighter, biodegradable, and more robust materials for packaging, and produce photochromic and electrochromic devices. While the fabrication and properties of nanocellulose are generally well established, their implementation in novel products and applications requires surface modification, assembly, and manufacturability to enable rapid tooling and scalable production. Additive manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing can improve functionality and enhance the ability to customize products while reducing fabrication time and wastage of materials. This review article provides an overview of nanocellulose as a sustainable material, covering the different properties, preparation methods, printability and strategies to functionalize nanocellulose into 3D-printed constructs. The applications of 3D-printed nanocellulose composites in food, environmental, and energy devices are outlined, and an overview of challenges and opportunities is provided.

scholarly journals Curriculum Revitalization of Faculty of Ushuluddin University of Darussalam Gontor to Face Industrial Revolution 4.0

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuangga Kurnia Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Learning System ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
New Literacy ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Times

In the event of industrial revolution 4.0, commonly known as the "Age of Disruption", several challenges and opportunities arise and affect various aspects of human life. With no exception in the field of science which gave birth to a new paradigm in the realm of philosophy of science. The Faculty of Ushuluddin as the core of the University of Darussalam Gontor Ponorogo is also in need of evaluation and improvement in order to answer the challenges and to take advantage of these opportunities. A firm construction of the Faculty’s epistemology requires a massive revitalization in many aspects. In this paper, the author describes the aspects that need special attention by using Gavin Moodie's perspective to produce a comprehensive map for the aspects that support the continuity of higher education in the age of disruption. Revitalization by the Faculty of Ushuluddin would include the aspects of learning system, educational components, students, human resources, and literacy. The learning system needs to utilize a wide range of supporting digital media that the students are familiar with. The educational components which comprise the facility and infrastructure to support learning activities from classrooms, classrooms’ layouts, dormitories, equipment, and management in the faculty also receives very intense attention in accordance with the times. Students need to be equipped with 10 basic skills needed by the world and society today, these skills include the ability of metacognition, which is the ability of advance thinking. To achieve the previous profile, it is necessary to provide, guide and develop educators (HR) and to be supported by a new literacy movement that includes digital, technological, and human literacy. All of these revitalization efforts are still based on the philosophy of life of the Darussalam Gontor Islamic Boarding School, it is “the preservation of good traditions and adoption of a better innovation.

scholarly journals Implementing a Student-Centered Pedagogy: Doing so in the Indonesian Teaching-Learning Context

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hanung Triyoko
Keyword(s):  
Student Interest ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Technology In The Classroom ◽  
Teaching Experiences ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Student Centered Learning ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Successes And Failures

Today’s educators must be willing to shift from the teacher-centered paradigm, which was in place when they themselves were students, to the new paradigm of student-centered education. This article was inspired by the challenges and opportunities experienced by the writers while attempting to  implement a student-centered pedagogy. We will share some of our experiences as educators to provide a context for various aspects of student centered-learning.  Understanding some of the successes and failures we have experienced in our careers may help to highlight the potential and importance of student-centered pedagogy in its many facets. Based on the vignettes from our teaching experiences, we have identified four major ideas about how to adopt a more student-centered approach: planning lessons that encourage student interest; adapting the curriculum to meet student’s needs; using technology in the classroom; and developing mutually respectful relationships. Keywords : Student-Centered Pedagogy; Student’s Interest, Student’s Needs; Mutually Respectful Relationships 

3D PRINTED HEART VALVES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 3541
Author(s):  
Wilson Tzu-Yung King ◽  
Ruud Schrijver ◽  
Manoj Parimi ◽  
Theja Kudaravalli ◽  
Tej Sura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
3D Printed

scholarly journals A Survey of Resource Management for Processing-In-Memory and Near-Memory Processing Architectures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Kamil Khan ◽  
Sudeep Pasricha ◽  
Ryan Gary Kim
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Computation Offloading ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Data Movement ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Big Data Applications ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Access Patterns

Due to the amount of data involved in emerging deep learning and big data applications, operations related to data movement have quickly become a bottleneck. Data-centric computing (DCC), as enabled by processing-in-memory (PIM) and near-memory processing (NMP) paradigms, aims to accelerate these types of applications by moving the computation closer to the data. Over the past few years, researchers have proposed various memory architectures that enable DCC systems, such as logic layers in 3D-stacked memories or charge-sharing-based bitwise operations in dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). However, application-specific memory access patterns, power and thermal concerns, memory technology limitations, and inconsistent performance gains complicate the offloading of computation in DCC systems. Therefore, designing intelligent resource management techniques for computation offloading is vital for leveraging the potential offered by this new paradigm. In this article, we survey the major trends in managing PIM and NMP-based DCC systems and provide a review of the landscape of resource management techniques employed by system designers for such systems. Additionally, we discuss the future challenges and opportunities in DCC management.

scholarly journals Computational Fluid Dynamics Using Graphics Processing Units: Challenges and Opportunities

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pratap Vanka ◽  
Aaron F. Shinn ◽  
Kirti C. Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Graphics Processing Units ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Past ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Graphics Processing

A new paradigm for computing fluid flows is the use of Graphics Processing Units (GPU), which have recently become very powerful and convenient to use. In the past three years, we have implemented five different fluid flow algorithms on GPUs and have obtained significant speed-ups over a single CPU. Typically, it is possible to achieve a factor of 50–100 over a single CPU. In this review paper, we describe our experiences on the various algorithms developed and the speeds achieved.

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