scholarly journals Estradiol Signaling at the Heart of Folliculogenesis: Its Potential Deregulation in Human Ovarian Pathologies

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Chauvin ◽  
Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji ◽  
Céline J. Guigon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Splice Isoforms ◽  
Granulosa Cell Tumors ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Nuclear Signal ◽  
Selection Of

Estradiol (E2) is a major hormone controlling women fertility, in particular folliculogenesis. This steroid, which is locally produced by granulosa cells (GC) within ovarian follicles, controls the development and selection of dominant preovulatory follicles. E2 effects rely on a complex set of nuclear and extra-nuclear signal transduction pathways principally triggered by its nuclear receptors, ERα and ERβ. These transcription factors are differentially expressed within follicles, with ERβ being the predominant ER in GC. Several ERβ splice isoforms have been identified and display specific structural features, which greatly complicates the nature of ERβ-mediated E2 signaling. This review aims at providing a concise overview of the main actions of E2 during follicular growth, maturation, and selection in human. It also describes the current understanding of the various roles of ERβ splice isoforms, especially their influence on cell fate. We finally discuss how E2 signaling deregulation could participate in two ovarian pathogeneses characterized by either a follicular arrest, as in polycystic ovary syndrome, or an excess of GC survival and proliferation, leading to granulosa cell tumors. This review emphasizes the need for further research to better understand the molecular basis of E2 signaling throughout folliculogenesis and to improve the efficiency of ovarian-related disease therapies.

scholarly journals Problems and Complications During the Treatment of Infertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Müberra Namlı Kalem ◽  
Ziya Kalem ◽  
Timur Gürgan
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrine disorder existing in women in their reproductive years and it is one of the most evaluated and discussed subjects of reproductive medicine with regard to its diagnosis and treatment.<br />Patients with PCOS constitute the most difficult population in the management of infertility. The factors that increase the success rates in the treatment of PCOS infertility are: pretreatment changes in life style, dietetic and psychological support, a detailed evaluation of the couple and the appropriate selection of the treatment protocol, a wide-spectrum approach to maintaining ovarian and endometrial synchronization in the management of the cycle, and well-developed laboratory conditions to support embryonic quality. However, even if these conditions are provided, OHSS, cancellations of the cycle, poor oocyte, and embryo qualities, unsuccessful fertilization and implantation, chromosomal abnormalities and early losses may still be experienced.</p>

scholarly journals Fertility Treatment Options for Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117955811989086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shital Sawant ◽  
Priya Bhide
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidisciplinary Care ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Nonpharmacological Intervention ◽  
Selection Of

Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrinological disorder in women of reproductive age. It is commonly associated with anovulatory subfertility, for which there are a range of treatment options available to help them conceive. These options are given in a step-wise manner with an appropriate selection of patients to maximise success rates with minimal complications. This review discusses the importance and involvement of multidisciplinary care when offering treatment to women with subfertility. Multidisciplinary care gives an excellent opportunity to identify, assess risk, and potentially prevent future morbidities and complications while treating women for fertility issues. We have also summarised the various options available for fertility treatment: pharmacological treatments, nonpharmacological intervention, and assisted reproductive technology.

scholarly journals Exosomes as Biomarkers for Female Reproductive Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2165
Author(s):  
Sahar Esfandyari ◽  
Hoda Elkafas ◽  
Rishi Man Chugh ◽  
Hang-soo Park ◽  
Antonia Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Successful Pregnancy ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
System Today

Cell–cell communication is an essential mechanism for the maintenance and development of various organs, including the female reproductive system. Today, it is well-known that the function of the female reproductive system and successful pregnancy are related to appropriate follicular growth, oogenesis, implantation, embryo development, and proper fertilization, dependent on the main regulators of cellular crosstalk, exosomes. During exosome synthesis, selective packaging of different factors into these vesicles happens within the originating cells. Therefore, exosomes contain both genetic and proteomic data that could be applied as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in pregnancy-associated disorders or placental functions. In this context, the present review aims to compile information about the potential exosomes with key molecular cargos that are dysregulated in female reproductive diseases which lead to infertility, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure (POF), Asherman syndrome, endometriosis, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and preeclampsia, as well as signaling pathways related to the regulation of the reproductive system and pregnancy outcome during these pathological conditions. This review might help us realize the etiology of reproductive dysfunction and improve the early diagnosis and treatment of the related complications.

scholarly journals Ovarian Expression of Adipokines in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Role for Chemerin, Omentin, and Apelin in Follicular Growth Arrest and Ovulatory Dysfunction?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Bongrani ◽  
Namya Mellouk ◽  
Christelle Rame ◽  
Marion Cornuau ◽  
Fabrice Guérif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Growth Arrest ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ovulatory Dysfunction ◽  
And Control

Adipokines are a potential link between reproduction and energy metabolism and could partly explain some infertilities related to some pathophysiology, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, adipokines were predominantly assessed in blood samples, while very little is known concerning their variations in follicular fluid (FF) and ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) of PCOS women. Thus, the objectives of our study were to investigate adiponectin, chemerin, resistin, visfatin, omentin, and apelin ovarian expression in PCOS women in comparison with controls and women with only a polycystic ovary morphology. In total, 78 women undergoing an in vitro fertilization procedure were divided into three groups: 23 PCOS women, 28 women presenting only ≥12 follicles per ovary (ECHO group), and 27 control women. Each group almost equally included normal weight and obese women. Follicular fluid (FF) concentration and granulosa cells (GCs) mRNA expression of adipokines and their receptors were assessed by ELISA and RT-qPCR, respectively. Omentin levels in FF and GC were higher in PCOS than in ECHO and control women, while apelin expression was increased in both PCOS and ECHO groups. FF chemerin concentration was predominant in normal-weight PCOS women compared to BMI (Body Mass Index)-matched ECHO and control women, while GC mRNA levels were higher in the obese PCOS group than in the ECHO one. Compared to PCOS, ECHO women had increased FF adiponectin concentrations and lower plasma AMH levels. The FF concentration of all adipokines was higher in obese subjects except for adiponectin, predominant in normal-weight women. In conclusion, women with PCOS expressed higher GC chemerin and omentin, whereas the ECHO group presented higher levels of FF adiponectin and apelin and lower plasma AMH and LH concentrations. Chemerin, omentin, and apelin expression was differently regulated in women with PCOS, suggesting their possible role in follicular growth arrest and ovulatory dysfunction characterizing PCOS pathogenesis.

The rules of acupoint-selection of acupuncture for polycystic ovary syndrome based on data mining

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-chao YU ◽  
Li-hong KONG ◽  
Chao-yang MA ◽  
Feng SHEN ◽  
Guo-Jin YAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Selection Of

Serum FSH levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome during ovulation induction using down-regulation and urofollitropin

1997 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareta Fridström ◽  
Peter Sjöblom ◽  
Åke Pousette ◽  
Torbjörn Hillensjö
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Continuous Growth

Abstract Objective: To evaluate retrospectively the use of serum FSH levels and to correlate them with follicular growth in a clinical ovulation induction program. Methods: Twenty women with infertility due to anovulation associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were studied. The patients were down-regulated with a long GnRH agonist protocol and stimulated with purified urofollitropin, using a low-dose step-up regimen. Repeated serum samples were drawn and transvaginal ultrasound scans were performed. During the exogenous FSH therapy serum FSH levels resulting in continuous follicular growth were analyzed, as well as the rates of ovulation, pregnancy, cancellation and conversion to in vitro fertilization (IVF). Results: Thirty-two out of fifty treatment cycles led to ovulation, resulting in five term pregnancies. Eight cycles were converted to IVF/embryo transfer due to multiple follicular growth. They resulted in two pregnancies. Ten cycles were cancelled because of impaired follicular growth. The serum FSH levels (median 6 IU/l) resulting in continuous growth of the follicles were relatively stable within patients (variation 15%) but varied considerably between patients (45%). The relationship between FSH dose and serum level was different for lean and obese PCOS patients after subcutaneously injected urofollitropin. Conclusions: There seems to be a difference in resorption/metabolism between lean and obese PCOS patients with regard to s.c. injected FSH. The intra-patient coefficient of variation (C.V.) of the serum FSH response level was quite low, as was the C.V. of the FSH dose at the response level. This allowed a more rapid dose adjustment in subsequent cycles. Analysis of serum FSH during induction of ovulation with gonadotropins seems to be of limited value in clinical programs. European Journal of Endocrinology 136 488–492

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