Cleonis pigra (Scopoli, 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae): Morphological Re-Description of the Immature Stages, Keys, Tribal Comparisons and Biology

Mature larvae and pupae of Cleonis pigra (Scopoli, 1763) (Curculionidae: Lixinae: Cleonini) are morphologically described in detail for the first time and compared with known larvae and pupae of other Cleonini species. The results of measurements and characteristics most typical for larvae and pupae of Cleonini are newly extracted and critically discussed, along with some records given previously. Keys for the determination of selected Cleonini species based on their larval and pupal characteristics are attached. Dyar’s law was used for the estimation of a number of larval instars of C. pigra. Descriptions of habitats, adult behavior, host plants, life cycle, and biotic interactions are reported here. Adults and larvae feed on plants from the Asteraceae family only (genera Carduus, Cirsium, Centaurea, and Onopordum). Oviposition occurs on the base of the plant stem or the root neck. In the process of larval development, a fusiform gall forms. C. pigra and Cyphocleonus achates can coexist in the same locality. In open habitats, the weevils become the prey of carnivorous animals.

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The Immature Stages, Biology, and Phylogenetic Relationships of Rotunda rotundapex (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

Journal of Insect Science ◽

10.1093/jisesa/iez025 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rung-Juen Lin ◽

Michael F Braby ◽

Yu-Feng Hsu

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Host Plants ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Systematic Classification ◽

Separate Genus ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Segment 8 ◽

First Time

Abstract The life history, morphology, and biology of the immature stages and phylogenetic relationships of Rotunda rotundapex (Miyata & Kishida, 1990) are described and illustrated for the first time. The species is univoltine: eggs hatch in spring (March or April) and the life cycle from egg to adult is completed in about 3 wk, with larvae developing rapidly on young leaves of the host plants, Morus australis and to a lesser extent Broussonetia monoica (Moraceae), and adults emerging in April–May. Eggs are laid in clusters on twigs of the host plant, are covered by scales during female oviposition, and remain in diapause for the remainder of the year (i.e., for 10–11 mo). Larvae (all instars) are unique among the Bombycidae in that they lack a horn on abdominal segment 8. A strongly supported molecular phylogeny based on six genes (5.0 Kbp: COI, EF-1α, RpS5, CAD, GAPDH, and wgl) representing seven genera of Bombycinae from the Old World revealed that Rotunda is a distinct monotypic lineage sister to Bombyx. This phylogenetic position, together with morphological data of the immature stages (egg and larval chaetotaxy), supports the current systematic classification in which the species rotundapex has been placed in a separate genus (Rotunda) from Bombyx in which it was previously classified.

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American Asteraceae-feeding Astrotischeria species with a highly modified, three-lobed valva in the male genitalia (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4469.1.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4469 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

JONAS R. STONIS ◽

ARŪNAS DIŠKUS ◽

FERNANDO CARVALHO FILHO ◽

OWEN T. LEWIS

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Central America ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Host Plants ◽

Trophic Relationships ◽

Distribution Map ◽

The North ◽

The Usa ◽

First Time ◽

Asteraceae Family

We review eleven Astrotischeria Puplesis & Diškus (Lepidoptera: Tischeriidae) species which possess a novel character for the Tischeriidae family: a highly modified valva of the male genitalia with one ventral and two dorsal lobes (or processes). The species are distributed in the Americas, including the USA, Caribbean (St. Thomas), Central America (Belize, Guatemala and Honduras), and South America (Ecuador, Bolivia, and Brazil). Species for which the biology has been studied are associated with host plants from Asteroidea of the Asteraceae family. The following seven species are described as new: Astrotischeria trilobata Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., A. amazonica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., A. maya Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., A. selvica Diškus, Carvalho-Filho & Stonis, sp. nov., A. casila Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., A. onae Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., and A. furcata Stonis & Diškus, sp. nov. A new informal species unit, the A. trilobata group, is designated for diagnostic purposes despite some doubts about monophyly of the group. Astrotischeria longeciliata (Frey & Boll) is synonymized here with the North American A. helianthi (Frey & Boll), a species not belonging to the A. trilobata group, syn. nov. For the first time, a method of rearing of adults from mining larvae, specifically adopted for Tischeriidae, is detailed. All species treated in the paper are illustrated with photographs or drawings of the adults, male genitalia, and, if available, the female genitalia, leaf mines and habitats. A distribution map for the species of the A. trilobata group and a scheme of the trophic relationships of the global Tischeriidae fauna are also provided.

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Notes on rust fungi in China 8. Pucciniastrum tiliae life cycle and new host plants inferred from phylogenetic evidence

Mycotaxon ◽

10.5248/135.491 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 135 (3) ◽

pp. 490-499

Author(s):

Jing-Xin Ji ◽

Zhuang Li ◽

Yu Li ◽

Makoto Kakishima

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Northeast China ◽

Host Plants ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Rust Fungus ◽

Rust Fungi ◽

New Host ◽

First Time

The life cycle connection between spermogonial and aecial stages of a rust fungus found on Abies holophylla and uredinial and telial stages on Tilia mongolica and T. mandshurica collected in northeast China were confirmed by phylogenetic analyses. The rust, identified as Pucciniastrum tiliae, was confirmed by morphological observations. The life cycle of this rust fungus is reported for the first time in China, and A. holophylla and T. mongolica represent new host plants for the species.

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Notes on the larval biology of Xestia borealis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Entomologica Fennica ◽

10.33338/ef.84103 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Gergely Várkonyi ◽

Matti Ahola

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Larval Development ◽

Larval Biology ◽

Summer Diapause ◽

First Time ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Observations on a larva of Xestia borealis found in nature are presented. Our findings support the view that the species has a two-year life cycle with two obligatory winter diapauses. Like Xestia sincera, X. borealis seems to prefer buds and fresh shoots of spruce in its diet. Both species overwinter for the first time as large III–IV instar larvae, after overwintering rapidly complete their larval development, and subsequently fall into a long summer diapause. We also discuss some features of larval biology of other boreal Xestia species with a two-year life cycle.

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Hawaiian Philodoria (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Ornixolinae) leaf mining moths on Myrsine (Primulaceae): two new species and biological data

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.773.21690 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 773 ◽

pp. 109-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shigeki Kobayashi ◽

Chris A. Johns ◽

Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde ◽

Camiel Doorenweerd ◽

Atsushi Kawakita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

New Species ◽

Species Complex ◽

Host Plants ◽

Biological Data ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Leaf Mining ◽

Diagnostic Characteristics ◽

Two New Species ◽

First Time

This paper provides new taxonomic and biological data on a complex of gracillariid moths in the endemic genus Philodoria Walsingham, 1907 that are associated with Myrsine (Primulaceae) in the Hawaiian Islands, United States. Two new species, Philodoriakauaulaensis Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara, sp. n. (host: Myrsinelanaiensis, M.lessertiana, and M.sandwicensis) and P.kolea Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara, sp. n. (host: M.lessertiana) are described. Biological data are provided for two previously described species that also feed on Myrsine: P.auromagnifica Walsingham, 1907 and P.succedanea Walsingham, 1907. For the first time we detail and illustrate genital structures, immature stages, biology, and host plants of P.auromagnifica and P.succedanea. Philodoriakolea, P.auromagnifica, and P.succedanea occur in sympatry on the island of Hawaii (Big Island), but each species differs in behavioral characters: P.kolea utilizes leaves of seedlings and forms a serpentine mine, whereas the latter two utilize leaves of larger plants, and form linear or serpentine to blotch mines. More broadly, leaf mine forms and diagnostic characteristics of the Myrsine-feeding species complex of Philodoria (as currently known) are reviewed and illustrated.

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New rearing method, life cycle, tunneling behavior and ecological notes on the splendid ghost moth Aenetus djernaesae Simonsen, 2018 from Western Australia (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)

Journal of Insect Biodiversity ◽

10.12976/jib/2020.15.2.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 26-39

Author(s):

PAUL KAY ◽

PAUL M HUTCHINSON ◽

JOHN A GREHAN

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Host Plant ◽

Agaricus Bisporus ◽

Host Plants ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Rearing Method ◽

First Instar ◽

Early Instar ◽

First Time ◽

Tunneling Behavior

This study successfully documents, for the first time, the entire life cycle of Aenetus djernaesae Simonsen, 2018 and confirms the efficacy of using supplemental sources of fungi to feed the early instar larvae. Fresh cut pieces of the commercial mushroom Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) and sections of Eucalyptus L’Her. bark were placed around the base of potted host plants –Myoporum insulare R.Br. (Scrophulariaceae) and the potential host plant Dodonea hackettiana W.Fitz. (Sapindaceae). First instar larvae were added to this matrix where they fed on the mushroom and bark. The life cycle comprised egg development of 20 days, fungal feeding of ~36 days, and host plant development (including pupal) of ~300 days. Adult emergence of reared and field collected samples occurred within a 22 day period. Larvae transferring from fungi to host plants transitioned during the night by constructing a web of silk and plant tissues within two hours and proceeding to excavate a tunnel from within. The mature larval tunnel is relatively short, up to 220 mm in length and usually extending below the entrance around which the larvae grazes on callus tissue forming after bark removal. Most adults emerged within an hour of dusk with the pupa protruding from the top of the vestibule. The rearing method described here demonstrates the feasibility of laboratory based studies of larval development in Aenetus Herrrich-Schäffer and other callus-feeding stem boring Hepialidae. Key words: Hepialidae, Aenetus, life cycle, artificial diet, Myoporum, Dodonea, larval foodplant

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Immature Stages and Life Cycle of the Wasp Moth,Cosmosoma auge(Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) under Laboratory Conditions

Psyche A Journal of Entomology ◽

10.1155/2014/328030 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Gunnary León-Finalé ◽

Alejandro Barro

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Host Plant ◽

Pupal Stage ◽

Immature Stages ◽

New Host ◽

Mikania Micrantha ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Arctiid Moth ◽

First Time ◽

Cuban Population

Cosmosoma auge(Linnaeus 1767) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is a Neotropical arctiid moth common in Cuban mountainous areas; however, its life cycle remains unknown. In this work,C. augelife cycle is described for the first time; also, immature stages are described using a Cuban population. Larvae were obtained from gravid wild females caught in Viñales National Park and were fed with fresh leaves of its host plant, the climbing hempweedMikania micranthaKunth (Asterales: Asteraceae), which is a new host plant record. Eggs are hemispherical and hatching occurred five days after laying. Larval period had six instars and lasted between 20 and 22 days. First and last larval stages are easily distinguishable from others. First stage has body covered by chalazae and last stage has body covered by verrucae as other stages but has a tuft on each side of A1 and A7. Eggs and larvae features agree with Arctiinae pattern. Pupal stage lasted eight days, and, in general, females emerge before males as a result of pupal stage duration differences between sexes.

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Studies on the biology, immature stages and relative groowth of some Australian bugs of the superfamily Coreoidea (Hemiptera : Heteroptera)

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo9660895 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 895 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

R Kumar

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Relative Growth ◽

The Status ◽

First Time

The biology and immature stages of 11 species of native Australian bugs of the superfamily Coreoidea are studied and their relevance to the status of the included taxa are considered. The immature stages of Hyocephalidae and Agriopocorinae are described for the first time and an account of the life cycle of the former is given. The morphology of the coreoid larvae is studied in detail and the relative growth of pronotum and antennal and leg segments is studied in six species of Coreidae and Alydidae. Hypothesis 1 of Matsuda (1961) has been supported.

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The morphology of the immature stages of Squamapion atomarium (Kirby, 1808) (Coleoptera, Brentidae) and notes on its life cycle

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.892.36027 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 892 ◽

pp. 103-120

Author(s):

Krzysztof Pawlęga ◽

Jacek Łętowski ◽

Ewelina Szwaj ◽

Tomasz Gosławski

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Body Size ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Morphological Features ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Head Shape ◽

Mature Larva ◽

Development Cycle ◽

First Time

The immature stages (egg, mature larva and pupa) of Squamapion atomarium (Kirby, 1808), as well as its development cycle and the phenology of its developmental stages, are described for the first time. The larva and pupa of S. atomarium have typical morphological features of the subfamily Apioninae. Morphological data on the immature stages were compared with the only fully described Squamapion species, S. elongatum (Germar, 1817). The larvae of the two species differ in body size and shape, head shape, setae length, the chaetotaxy of the mouthparts, and individual types of setae on the pronotum and thorax. In the case of the pupa, there are also differences in body size and in the type of setae and chaetotaxy of the head, pronotum, metanotum and abdomen.

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Taxonomic and biological notes on Pristiphora ribisi Togashi, 1990, (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) injurious to gooseberries and currants

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4903.3.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4903 (3) ◽

pp. 393-404

Author(s):

HIDEHO HARA ◽

AKEO IWASAKI ◽

AKIHIKO SHINOHARA

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Host Plants ◽

East Asian ◽

Close Relative ◽

Immature Stages ◽

New Synonyms ◽

First Time

Taxonomic and biological notes are given for the East Asian sawfly Pristiphora ribisi Togashi, 1990, injurious to Ribes. The following new synonyms of this species are proposed: Pristiphora (Pristiphora) anivskiensis Haris, 2006, syn. nov., Pristiphora (Pristiphora) nigrocoreana Haris & Zsolnai, 2007, syn. nov. and Pristiphora grossulariae Anon., 1912 [a primary homonym of Pristiphora grossulariae Walsh, 1866], syn. nov. The lectotype of Pristiphora grossulariae Anon., 1912 is designated. Redescriptions of the adult and immature stages are given. The male is described for the first time. The life history and host plants are summarized. Its close relative, Pristiphora appendiculata (Hartig, 1837), is excluded from the fauna of Japan.

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