scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature on the Development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannalene Du Plessis ◽  
Marie-Louise Schlemmer ◽  
Johnnie Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Far East ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Different Temperatures

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a pest of tropical origin which recently invaded Africa, the Far East and Australia. Temperature, therefore, plays an important role in its invasion biology, since this pest does not go into diapause. The aim of this study was to determine the development rate of S. frugiperda at different temperatures and to calculate the number of degree-days (°D) required for each stage to complete its development. This study was conducted at five different temperatures—18, 22, 26, 30 and 32 ± 1 °C. Larvae were reared individually in Petri dishes with sweetcorn kernels provided as food. The development rate of S. frugiperda increased linearly with increasing temperatures between 18 and 30 °C and larval survival was the highest between 26 and 30 °C. The optimal range for egg, larval and egg-to-adult development was between 26 and 30 °C. The optimum temperature with the fastest larval development rate and lowest mortality was at 30 °C. The pupal development period ranged between 7.82 and 30.68 days (32–18 °C). The minimum temperature threshold for egg and larva development was 13.01 and 12.12 °C, respectively, 13.06 °C for pupae and 12.57 °C for egg-to-adult development. Degree-day requirements for the development of the respective life cycle stages of S. frugiperda were 35.68 ± 0.22 for eggs, 204.60 ± 1.23 °D for larvae, 150.54 ± 0.93 °D for pupae and 391.61 ± 1.42 °D for egg-to-adult development.

Susceptibility of Zoysiagrasses to the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
S. Nair ◽  
S.K. Braman ◽  
P. Raymer
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Zoysia Matrella ◽  
Developmental Parameters ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Growth and developmental parameters of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were evaluated on 41 new zoysiagrass taxa (Zoysia spp. Willd.), which belong to an increasingly popular group of warm-season turfgrasses, in comparison with 5 commercially available zoysiagrass taxa and 1 known susceptible Paspalum L. taxon. Results from two no-choice growth chamber trials indicated that the new Zoysia japonica Steud. taxa were unfavorable for the development of fall armyworm larvae in general compared with the susceptible Paspalum taxon. This was evidenced by significantly lower larval and pupal weights and survival and longer time to pupation and adult emergence, pointing to antibiosis in these zoysiagrass taxa. The new Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr., Zoysia macrostachya Franch. & Sav., and Zoysia sinica Hance taxa seemed more favorable than Z. japonica taxa, as evidenced by numerically higher larval and pupal weights and survival and shorter duration to pupation and adult emergence. Taxa that consistently showed low larval survival were identified for further testing.

Resistance of bmr energy sorghum hybrids to sugarcane borer and fall armyworm

2024 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. F. Souza ◽  
B. H. S. Souza ◽  
R. A. C. Parrella ◽  
M. L. F. Simeone ◽  
P. T. Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Mutant Genotype ◽  
Biomass Sorghum ◽  
Cellulose Breakdown ◽  
Energy Sorghum ◽  
Insect Attack

Abstract The lower lignin content in plants species with energy potential results in easier cellulose breakdown, making glucose available for ethanol generation. However, higher lignin levels can increase resistance to insect attack. The objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of a bmr-6 biomass sorghum (a mutant genotype with a lower concentration of lignin) to important pests of energy sorghum, Diatraea saccharalis and Spodoptera frugiperda. Experiments were performed in the laboratory and greenhouse to evaluate the development of these pests on the biomass sorghum bmr hybrids BR007, BR008, and TX635 and their respective conventional near-isogenic genotypes (without the bmr gene). The lignin content was higher in non-bmr hybrids, but the evaluated insect variables varied between treatments, not being consistent in just one hybrid or because it is bmr or not. The lowest survival of S. frugiperda was observed in the BR008 hybrid, both bmr and non-bmr. The S. frugiperda injury scores on plants in the greenhouse were high (>7) in all treatments. For D. saccharalis, there was no difference in larval survival in the laboratory, but in the greenhouse, the BR007 hybrid, both bmr and non-bmr, provided greater survival. Due the need to diversify the energy matrix and the fact that greater susceptibility of the bmr hybrids to either pests was not found in this study, these results hold promise for cultivation of these biomass sorghum hybrids for the production of biofuels.

Effect of Temperature and Hostplants on Survival, Development and Body-Size in 3 Tropical Satyrine Butterflies From North-Eastern Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Braby ◽  
RE Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Themeda Triandra ◽  
Eastern Australia

The influence of temperature on egg survival and development rate, and the effect of two hostplant species, native kangaroo grass, Themeda triandra, and introduced Guinea grass, Panicum maximum, on larval survival, development and pupal weight, were examined in three species of tropical satyrine butterflies of the genus Mycalesis (the bushbrowns) under laboratory conditions. In all three species maximum egg survival occurred at 26 degrees C. Eggs of M. perseus survived well between 17 and 35 degrees C, whereas those of M. terminus and M. sirius survived poorly above 30 degrees C and, in the case of the latter species, below 23 degrees C. Maximum egg development rate occurred at 35 degrees C in M. perseus and about 30 degrees C in the two other species. Thus, optimal temperatures for development and survival were in the range of 30-35 degrees C for M. perseus and 25-30 degrees C for both M. terminus and M. sirius. Temperature thresholds were similar in all three, about 11 degrees C. Larvae of the three species survived significantly better on Themeda but took substantially longer to develop and attained lower pupal weights than when reared on Panicum, especially those of M. sirius. On the latter host at 25 degrees C, development from egg to adult varied from 40.4 days (male M. perseus) to 50.4 days (female M. terminus). Development in M. sirius was more variable, with larvae completing either five or six larval instars. Overall, males developed significantly faster than females, and males were smaller in size than females in all three species. Under field conditions populations are thus seasonally multivoltine, protandrous and sexually dimorphic with respect to body size. When reared on Panicum at 25 degrees C, a positive correlation between mean development time (from egg to adult) and mean body size (pupal weight), between species within the genus, revealed that smaller adult size in M. perseus was associated with faster maturation, while larger adult size in M. terminus was associated with slower development. Despite body-size effects, differences in rate of development and embryonic survival in these satyrines are closely tied to ecological differences in geographic distribution, habitat preference and resource durational stability. Potential selective pressures likely to influence size and development amongst these species, and between males and females, are discussed.

scholarly journals Biology and thermal requirements of Telenomus remus reared on fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda eggs

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freitas Bueno ◽  
Tatiana Rodrigues Carneiro ◽  
Dirceu Pratissoli ◽  
Adeney de Freitas Bueno ◽  
Odair Aparecido Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Thermal Threshold ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Telenomus Remus

This research aimed at studing Telenomus remus Nixon biology reared on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) eggs at different temperatures. Based on the development of the cycle (egg-adult), the thermal requirements and the number of parasitoid generations at constant temperatures were determined. Initially, 24-hour-old S. frugiperda eggs were submitted to parasitism by T. remus during 5 h, being then transferred to acclimatized chambers regulated at 15, 20, 25, 28, 31, and 35°C. The cycle (egg to adult) was influenced by temperature varying from 8.3±0.01 to 47.2±0.01 for females and 8.1±0.01 to 46.8±0.01 days for males at 31 and 15°C, respectively. The emergency (%) was also influenced by temperature. A reduction in emergency was observed at 15°C and no emergency at 35°C. T. remus sex ratio was not influenced by temperature. Sexual rate was not changed by temperature. Regarding to thermal requirements, thermal constant (K) and inferior thermal threshold (Tb) were higher for T. remus females (158.88 degree-days and 12.5°C) when compared to males (154.12 degree-days and 12.6°C). The estimated number of T. remus generation per year for males and females at laboratory conditions was 5.6 and 5.6, 16.9 and 17.3, 28.3 and 29.0, 35.1 and 36.0, 39.6 and 40.7 at 15, 20, 25, 28, and 31oC, respectively.

Resistance of Arachis Species to the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda1

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Lynch ◽  
W. D. Branch ◽  
J. W. Garner
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Arachis Species ◽  
Leaf Consumption ◽  
Suitability Index

Abstract Fourteen species of Arachis were evaluated for survival, leaf consumption, development rate, and preference by the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Using a host-suitability index, A. monticola, A. hypogaea, cv. ‘Florunner,’ A. stenosperma, and A. batizogaea were the most suitable hosts and were classified susceptible to the fall armyworm. A. burkartii and A. villosa were the least suitable hosts and were classified resistant. These classifications were also supported, in general, by preference of the insect for the species of Arachis.

Monitoring the Evolution of Resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to the Cry1F Protein in Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1838-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos N Vassallo ◽  
Florencia Figueroa Bunge ◽  
Ana M Signorini ◽  
Pablo Valverde-Garcia ◽  
Dwain Rule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Protection Technology ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Production Areas

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important and widely cultivated crops in Argentina. Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a common maize pest capable of causing significant yield losses and is most destructive in late-planted maize in subtropical regions, going through five to six generations per growing season. The Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) trait Herculex I Insect Protection technology by Dow AgroSciences and Pioneer Hi-Bred (HX I, event DAS-Ø15Ø7-1), expressing Cry1F protein, was launched in the 2005–2006 season in Argentina and was widely adopted because of the high level of efficacy against S. frugiperda, as well as other pests such as Diatraea saccharalis (J.C. Fabricius). However, increased late-season plantings, limited adoption of refuge, and properties of S. frugiperda biology (high number of generations and migratory behavior) have led to high S. frugiperda exposure to Cry1F and resistance selection pressure. Field efficacy monitoring has been conducted throughout the main maize production areas in Argentina from 2009 to 2016. Laboratory monitoring has been conducted throughout the same areas from 2010 to 2015. Here, we describe changes in field efficacy of HX I and the results of laboratory-based susceptibility monitoring conducted using purified Cry1F protein. Increases in larval survival and crop damage were evident throughout the 2012–2016 period and spanned the majority of maize production areas in Argentina. Over the same period, random larval collections showed increasing survivorship on diet containing purified Cry1F protein. These field and laboratory studies confirmed that resistance to Cry1F has developed and is now widely distributed in S. frugiperda populations in Argentina.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Life Cycle of Spodoptera frugiperda under Laboratory Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ramzan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Diptera:Lepidoptera) is a destructive pest of agricultural crops especially maize in many countries including Pakistan. The environmental factors like temperature play significant role in the growth and development of insect pests. It is very important to know the proper knowledge about effect of temperature on the development of Spodoptera frugiperda before managing this pest. For this purpose, the current study was conducted to check the effect of temperature (20 and 26◦C) on the life cycle of S. frugiperda under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the developmental times of all stages (eggs, larvae and pupae) were inversely related to temperature. The incubation period of eggs was 4.01±0.00b and 2.00±0.00b at 20 and 26◦C, respectively. The development time of first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth larval instar was 3.51±0.10b, 3.04±0.15b, 2.33±0.10b, 2.97±0.14b, 3.45±0.19b and 4.99± 0.22b, respectively at 20◦C while 2.77±0.13c, 2.89±0.20bc, 2.09±0.12bc, 2.22±0.17bc, 2.90±0.23c and 3.56±0.19b, respectively at 26◦C. The time of growth and development was increased at low temperature while reduced at high temperature. The food consumption rate and molting period of larvae can increase at high temperature for complete their growth and development. The current study concluded that environmental factors like temperature are highly effect the insect pests morphology and biology.

Effect of temperature on the development of the aquatic stages of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (Diptera: Culicidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N. Bayoh ◽  
S.W. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractGlobal warming may affect the future pattern of many arthropod-borne diseases, yet the relationship between temperature and development has been poorly described for many key vectors. Here the development of the aquatic stages of Africa's principal malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles, is described at different temperatures. Development time from egg to adult was measured under laboratory conditions at constant temperatures between 10 and 40°C. Rate of development from one immature stage to the next increased at higher temperatures to a peak around 28°C and then declined. Adult development rate was greatest between 28 and 32°C, although adult emergence was highest between 22 and 26°C. No adults emerged below 18°C or above 34°C. Non-linear models were used to describe the relationship between developmental rate and temperature, which could be used for developing process-based models of malaria transmission. The utility of these findings is demonstrated by showing that a map where the climate is suitable for the development of aquatic stages of A. gambiae s.s. corresponded closely with the best map of malaria risk currently available for Africa.

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