scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Life Cycle of Spodoptera frugiperda under Laboratory Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ramzan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Diptera:Lepidoptera) is a destructive pest of agricultural crops especially maize in many countries including Pakistan. The environmental factors like temperature play significant role in the growth and development of insect pests. It is very important to know the proper knowledge about effect of temperature on the development of Spodoptera frugiperda before managing this pest. For this purpose, the current study was conducted to check the effect of temperature (20 and 26◦C) on the life cycle of S. frugiperda under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the developmental times of all stages (eggs, larvae and pupae) were inversely related to temperature. The incubation period of eggs was 4.01±0.00b and 2.00±0.00b at 20 and 26◦C, respectively. The development time of first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth larval instar was 3.51±0.10b, 3.04±0.15b, 2.33±0.10b, 2.97±0.14b, 3.45±0.19b and 4.99± 0.22b, respectively at 20◦C while 2.77±0.13c, 2.89±0.20bc, 2.09±0.12bc, 2.22±0.17bc, 2.90±0.23c and 3.56±0.19b, respectively at 26◦C. The time of growth and development was increased at low temperature while reduced at high temperature. The food consumption rate and molting period of larvae can increase at high temperature for complete their growth and development. The current study concluded that environmental factors like temperature are highly effect the insect pests morphology and biology.

scholarly journals Insecticidal Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Spodoptera frugiperda under Laboratory Conditions

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Sarayut Pittarate ◽  
Julius Rajula ◽  
Afroja Rahman ◽  
Perumal Vivekanandhan ◽  
Malee Thungrabeab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference

Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a major pest of corn, rice, and sorghum among other crops usually controlled using synthetic or biological insecticides. Currently, the new invention of nanotechnology is taking root in the agricultural industry as an alternative source of pest management that is target-specific, safe, and efficient. This study sought to determine the efficacy of commercial Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) towards S. frugiperda under laboratory conditions. ZnO NPs were diluted into different concentrations (100–500 ppm), where the baby corn used to feed the S. frugiperda larvae was dipped. The development of the insect feeding on food dipped in ZnO solution was significantly (p < 0.05) affected, and the number of days that the insect took to complete its life cycle had a significant difference compared to the control. There was a significant difference in the adults’ emergence in all the concentrations of ZnO NPs compared to the control, with over 90% of the eggs successfully going through the life cycle until adult emergence. Additionally, several body malformations were observed throughout the lifecycle of the insect. Also, the fecundity of the females was greatly affected. The findings of this study suggest the possibility of exploitation of ZnO nanoparticles not only to manage S. frugiperda but to significantly reduce their population in the ecosystem through body deformations, reduced fecundity, reduced oviposition, and hatchability of eggs. It will be a valuable tool in integrated pest management regimens.

scholarly journals Biology and Nutritional Indexes of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Saccharine Sorghum

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Barcelos ◽  
Fabrício O. Fernandes ◽  
Caroline Lopes ◽  
Beatriz M. Emygdio ◽  
Ricardo Valgas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Saccharine sorghum has been analyzed as a supplementary prime matter for ethanol production, especially during the sugarcane off-season period. However, it has proven to be highly susceptible to insect attacks during the cultivation cycle. The fall armyworm should be emphasized due to its voracity and high damage capacity enhanced by feeding-caused decrease in photosynthetic area. Current analysis studies the biology and determines the nutritional indexes of Spodoptera frugiperda in saccharine sorghum. Cultivars of saccharine sorghum BRS 506, BRS 509 and BRS 511were evaluated. Duration and survival of the egg, caterpillar, pre-pupal and pupal phases were determined, coupled to weight of pupae and caterpillar, life span, fecundity and pre-egg laying period. Although S. frugiperda completed its life cycle on cultivars BRS 506 and BRS 511, egg-laying and egg feasibility rates were low, whereas insects did not lay eggs on cultivar BRS 509. There was no significant difference in feeding intake by S. frugiperda among these three sorghum cultivars. Results suggest that saccharine sorghum is not a suitable host for S. frugiperda. Biological data reveal that the three saccharine sorghum cultivars are recommended for the grain production system since the number of specimens of the next generation is low or null.

scholarly journals THE POTENTIAL OF THREE LARVAL PREDATORS AGAINST FALL ARMYWORM SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) UNDER THE LABORATORY CONDITION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
Moses Otuba ◽  
Jumrae Cho
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Podisus Maculiventris ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orius Strigicollis ◽  
Set Up

Most cereal crops are often damaged by lepidopterous insects. Of recent, fall armyworm, S. frugiperda (J.E. Smith) has resulted into yield and economic loss in many African and Asian countries. This reduces farmers’ income drastically and to overcome this damage, pesticides have been used which are not also environmentally friendly. Experiments were set up to collect data on the potential of three larval predators Orius strigicollis, Micromus angulatus, and Podisus maculiventris against S. frugiperda. The consumption of S. frugiperda larvae by three predators had highly significant effects (P≤0.05) on first, fourth, and sixth instars. No significant difference was reported between M. angulatus and O. strigicollis on second, third and fifth larval instars of S. frugiperda. O. strigicollis consumed more first larval instar (6.2±0.71) of S. frugiperda than M. angulatus (4.9±1.07) and P. maculiventris (4.2±0.74). However, P. maculiventris consumed more second to sixth larval instars of S. frugiperda than other two predators (O. strigicollis and M. angulatus). The predator P. maculiventris is recommended for controlling S. frugiperda in their second to sixth larval instars while O. strigicollis in the first larval instar. It can be also concluded that fourth larval instars of S. frugiperda is more suitable for its control using predator P. maculiventris as compared to other larval instars. This study therefore recommends predator Podisus maculiventris to be used in control of S. frugiperda under laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature on the Development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannalene Du Plessis ◽  
Marie-Louise Schlemmer ◽  
Johnnie Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Far East ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Different Temperatures

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a pest of tropical origin which recently invaded Africa, the Far East and Australia. Temperature, therefore, plays an important role in its invasion biology, since this pest does not go into diapause. The aim of this study was to determine the development rate of S. frugiperda at different temperatures and to calculate the number of degree-days (°D) required for each stage to complete its development. This study was conducted at five different temperatures—18, 22, 26, 30 and 32 ± 1 °C. Larvae were reared individually in Petri dishes with sweetcorn kernels provided as food. The development rate of S. frugiperda increased linearly with increasing temperatures between 18 and 30 °C and larval survival was the highest between 26 and 30 °C. The optimal range for egg, larval and egg-to-adult development was between 26 and 30 °C. The optimum temperature with the fastest larval development rate and lowest mortality was at 30 °C. The pupal development period ranged between 7.82 and 30.68 days (32–18 °C). The minimum temperature threshold for egg and larva development was 13.01 and 12.12 °C, respectively, 13.06 °C for pupae and 12.57 °C for egg-to-adult development. Degree-day requirements for the development of the respective life cycle stages of S. frugiperda were 35.68 ± 0.22 for eggs, 204.60 ± 1.23 °D for larvae, 150.54 ± 0.93 °D for pupae and 391.61 ± 1.42 °D for egg-to-adult development.

Effect of temperature on the development of free-living adults of Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856)

Parasitology ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 53 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premvati
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Humidity Chamber

Strongyloides papillosus is found to be very common in the Lucknow area where 90% of the sheep are infected. The life-cycle is predominantly indirect, or heterogonic. The development of mature free-living adults takes place between 20° and 37° C., and 34° C. is the optimum temperature. At a temperature of 25° C., the percentage of free-living adults is 60–65 in summer (March to November) and practically 100 in winter (December to February). Immature females can develop at 40° C. in summer, but not in winter, under laboratory conditions.Inhibition experiments in a hot oven incubator with varying percentages of humidity, and in a humidity chamber incubator with constant 100% humidity, maintained at temperatures varying from 40° to 50° C., show that in the humidity chamber incubator mature free-living adults develop at 34° C. after incubation for 12 hr. at 40° C., after 4 hr. at 42° C., after 2 hr. at 45° C. and after 15 min. at 50° C. The hot oven incubator allows mature free-living adults to develop at 34° C. after 8 hr. at 40° C., after 2 hr. at 42° C., after 1 hr. at 45° C. and after 15 min. at 50° C.

scholarly journals Effect of seed treatment with insecticides on the control of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yago Barros Triboni ◽  
Luciano Del Bem Junior ◽  
Carlos Gilberto Raetano ◽  
Matheus Mereb Negrisoli
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

ABSTRACT Fall armyworm is one of the main insect pests in Brazil. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the seed treatment effect on the control of Spodoptera frugiperda in initial infestations of soybean crops. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates of six insecticide treatments applied through seed treatment: imidacloprid plus thiodicarb at the dose of 52.5 plus 105 g a.i. (active ingredient) 100 kg-1 of seed (Cropstar® 0.350 L 100 kg-1 of seed); thiamethoxam at 105 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Cruiser 350 FS® 0.3 L 100 kg-1 of seed); chlorantraniliprole at 62.5 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Dermacor® 0.1 L 100 kg-1 of seed); cyantraniliprole at 120 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Fortenza 600 FS® 0.2 L 100 kg-1 of seed); fipronil plus pyraclostrobin and thiophanate-methyl 50 + 5 + 45 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Standak Top® 0.2 L 100 kg-1 of seed), and a control treatment. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. Diamide insecticides (chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole) presented the best results among all treatments, with lower consumption of the treated leaves by the caterpillars and greater control efficacy of this insect. We verified that seed treatment is a viable alternative for controlling S. frugiperda at the beginning of crop development, when the caterpillar presents the behavior of cutting the seedlings and/or the consumption of leaf area, causing a reduction in the plant population and a consequent yield loss.

scholarly journals Rearing of Maize Stem Borer, Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) under Laboratory Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ijaz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chilo Partellus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
The Mean

Maize is an important cereal crop grown for food, fodder and raw material throughout the world. It is rick source of proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins. Maize production is decreasing day by day due to attacked of more than 250 insect species and mites. Among insect pests, maize stem borer, Chilo partellus is most destructive pest for maize production. The rearing of maize stem borer, C. partellus was conducted under laboratory conditions in National Agricultural research Centre (NARC) Islamabad. The complete metamorphosis (egg, larva, pupa and adult) was recorded in C. partellus. The mean value of egg was 4.67 ± 1.09 days. There were six larval instar of C. partellus and total larval period was 18-48 days. The growth period of first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth larval instar was 3-6, 2-6, 3-7, 3-8, 3-9 and 5-11 days respectively on maize leaves. The mean average duration of pupa was 9.00±2.25 days. The female was long lived than male. The total developmental period from egg to adult was 30-65 days.

scholarly journals Water in maize whorl enhances the control of Spodoptera frugiperda with insecticides

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Bialozor ◽  
Clérison Régis Perini ◽  
Jonas André Arnemann ◽  
Henrique Pozebon ◽  
Adriano Arrué Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is among the main insect-pests on maize crops, due to its damaging potential and control issues related to the larval habit of concealing itself within the plant whorl. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of water in the maize whorl, combined with insecticides and spray sets, on the damage caused by S. frugiperda and the grain yield. The experiments were carried out under field conditions, at two cropping seasons, both with Bt-maize hybrids, in a 2 × 2 × 5 + 1 factorial scheme, testing the presence or absence of water inside the plant whorl, two insecticides and five spray sets (combinations of spray volumes, nozzle types, pressures and spraying speed), plus a control without water and insecticide. The presence of water inside the whorl reduced the damage caused by S. frugiperda during the early growth stages, especially in the plants sprayed with the insecticide chlorantraniliprole. The spray sets with 200 L ha1/20.3 psi or 250 L ha1/33.4 psi provided the highest reductions in the percentage of damaged plants and damage scores, regardless of the insecticide. Therefore, the spraying of insecticides, when there is water from irrigation, dew or rainfall inside the maize whorl, improves the control of S. frugiperda in maize crops, especially in Bt-maize.

scholarly journals Harmfulness of Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in Garlic in Southeast and Central Moravia

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 871-876
Author(s):  
Eva Sapáková ◽  
Hana Šefrová ◽  
Lea Hasíková ◽  
Luděk Hřivna
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Delia Antiqua ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Study Plot ◽  
First Occurrence

The aim of the three year research was to determine the first occurrence of Delia antiqua (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), specify its bionomics, compare its harmfulness on different garlic varieties, find out the effect of temperature on their life cycle and how their abundance influences garlic yield in regional agriculture areas traditionally growing garlic such as southeast and central Moravia. There was a significantly higher infestation of Delia antiqua on the edge (32.3 larvae) of study plot than in the middle (16.3 larvae) from 2010 to 2012. Intensive laying eggs of D. antiqua takes place between 9–11 a.m. and 16–18 p.m. hours at the edges of the study plot. The highest number of laid eggs was of 28 per one plant in Nedakonice. The development lasted 15 days at 21 °C under laboratory conditions.

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