scholarly journals Suitability and Profitability of a Cereal Aphid for the Parasitoid Aphidius platensis in the Context of Conservation Biological Control of Myzus persicae in Orchards

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeniffer K. Alvarez-Baca ◽  
Armando Alfaro-Tapia ◽  
Blas Lavandero ◽  
Cécile Le Lann ◽  
Joan Van Baaren
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Early Arrival ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Defensive Behaviours

The use of cover crops can promote the abundance and early arrival of populations of natural enemies. Cereal cover crops between orchards rows could encourage the early arrival of the parasitoid Aphidius platensis, as they offer alternative winter hosts (e.g., Rhopalosiphum padi), enhancing the control of Myzus persicae in spring. However, the preference for and suitability of the alternative host must be addressed beforehand. To evaluate the potential of this strategy, we assessed host preference using behavioural choice tests, as well as no-choice tests measuring fitness traits, when developing on both host species. One source field for each aphid population from the above hosts was chosen. There was a clear choice for R. padi compared to M persicae, independently of the source, probably due to more defensive behaviours of M. persicae (i.e., kicks and escapes). Nevertheless, both aphid species were suitable for parasitoids’ development. The female progeny developed on R. padi were larger in size, irrespective of their origin. According to our results, in peach orchards with cereals sown between peach trees during the autumn, where we expect when R. padi populations will no longer be available during spring, A. platensis should be able to switch to M. persicae.

Trophic interactions between three species of cereal aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and spring wheat (Poaceae): implications for pest management

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Migui ◽  
Robert J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Specific Impact

AbstractThe susceptibilities of genetically diverse Canadian spring wheats, Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum Desf., to three aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were investigated. Trophic interactions measured as changes in biomass of aphids and wheat plants were used to quantify levels of resistance, components of resistance, and impact of aphids on yield. Plants in field cages were infested with small numbers of aphids for 21 days at heading. These plants were usually more suitable for the development of S. avenae and S. graminum than of R. padi. Partial resistance, measured as seed production by infested plants as a proportion of that by a control, varied from 11% to 59% for different aphid species and wheat classes when all wheat plants were infested at the same stage. Cultivars within wheat classes responded similarly to each of the aphid species. None of the wheat cultivars showed agriculturally effective levels of antibiosis. The specific impact of each aphid species and wheat class varied from 5 to 15 mg of plant biomass lost for each milligram of biomass gained by the aphids. Canadian Western Red Spring wheat had a lower specific impact and therefore was more tolerant to aphids than the other two classes, but not tolerant enough to avoid economic damage at the aphid densities observed. Plants did not compensate for feeding damage after aphid feeding ceased, based on the higher specific impacts observed for mature plants than for plants that were heading. The interactions between aphids and plants show that current economic thresholds probably underestimate the damage caused by cereal aphids to Canadian spring wheat.

scholarly journals Comparison of Field Population Growths of Three Cereal Aphid Species on Winter Wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jarošík ◽  
A. Honěk ◽  
A. Tichopád
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Population growths of three aphid species colonising winter wheat stands, Metopolophium dirhodum, Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion avenae, were analysed by regression method. The calculations were based on counts in 268 winter wheat plots at 3 or 7 day intervals over 10 (leaves) or 6 (ears) years. The population dynamics of a particular species differed widely between years. Density independent exponential growth of the population was most common, but its rate differed significantly between species, and for S. avenae also between populations on leaves and ears, on which the populations grew fastest. Field estimates of the intrinsic rate of increase derived from the exponential growths ranged between 0.010–0.026 in M. dirhodum, 0.0071–0.011 in R. padi, and between 0.00078–0.0061 and 0.0015–0.13 in S. avenae on leaves and ears, respectively. In the populations with the most vigorous population growth, S. avenae on ears and M. dirhodum on leaves, the rate of population increase significantly decreased with increasing aphid density.  

scholarly journals Abundance of cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) within wild Triticum and Aegi­lops spp., and cultivated wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
H. Havlíčková ◽  
V. Holubec
Keyword(s):  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Triticum Species ◽  
The Individual

Accessions of the wild Triticum species: T. boeticum, T. dicoccoides, T. urartu, and the Aegilops species:  Ae. columnaris, Ae. geniculata, Ae. markgrafii, Ae. neglecta and Ae. triuncialis in the collection of the Gene Bank of RICP Prague-Ruzyně, with T.  aestivum cv. Sandra as control, were evaluated for cereal aphid occurrence in the open during 1995–1998 period. The cereal aphid species Rhopalosiphum  padi (RP), Metopolophium dirhodum (MD) and Sitobion avenae (SA) were predominant on the plants. Variations in the abundance of individual aphid species in each year were found. The results from 1997, the optimal year for aphid occurrence, showed differences between both aphid and plant species. RP significantly dominated in Triticum species, while SA preferred Aegilops accessions. A significant negative correlation was found between RP and MD densities in the Triti­ cum spp., while MD and SA occurrence showed a negative relation to that of RP and SA in the Aegilops accessions. The individual aphid species showed a similar pattern of infestation in several genomically close accessions.

scholarly journals Plum Pox in North America: Identification of Aphid Vectors and a Potential Role for Fruit in Virus Spread

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 868-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Gildow ◽  
Vern Damsteegt ◽  
Andrew Stone ◽  
William Schneider ◽  
Douglas Luster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Aphid Vectors

Thirteen aphid species were tested for their ability to transmit Pennsylvania isolates of Plum pox virus (PPV) collected in Columbia (PENN-3), Franklin (PENN-4), and York (PENN-7) Counties, PA. Four species, Aphis fabae, A. spiraecola, Brachycaudus persicae, and Myzus persicae, consistently transmitted PPV in preliminary transmission tests. Two species, Metopolophium dirhodum and Rhopalosiphum padi, were occasional inefficient vectors. Toxoptera citricida, from Florida, also was an effective vector but it does not occur in major stone-fruit-growing states. Species not transmitting PPV in parallel tests included Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis glycines, Aulacorthum solani, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Rhopalosiphum maidis, and Sitobion avenae. When given a 3-day probing access period simultaneously on PPV-infected peach seedlings and healthy peach seedlings, Myzus persicae, Aphis spiraecola, A. fabae, and B. persicae transmitted PPV to 63, 31, 38, and 32% of the healthy peach seedlings, respectively. When given a similar probing period on PPV-infected peach fruit and healthy peach seedlings, the same aphid species transmitted PPV to 50, 35, 0, and 0% of seedlings, respectively. Results support the hypothesis of secondary PPV spread by indigenous aphids in Pennsylvania, and suggest that PPV-infected fruit has the potential to function as a virus source for long-distance dispersal.

Antioxidant defense mechanisms of cereal aphids based on ascorbate and ascorbate peroxidase

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Łukasik ◽  
Sylwia Goławska ◽  
Agnieszka Wójcicka
Keyword(s):  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Grain Aphid

AbstractEffects of plant o-dihydroxyphenols on ascorbate (ASA) content and ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) activity in the tissues of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae and the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi were studied. Among the aphid morphs, the highest ASA content and APOX activity were noted for larvae and the lowest for wingless apterae. When exposed to o-dihydroxyphenols, aphids of both species contained significantly lower concentrations of ASA and higher APOX activity than the controls. Among the studied compounds, caffeic acid had the strongest effect on ASA-based antioxidant responses in that caffeic acid caused a 5-fold decrease of ASA in aphid tissues. The influences of the plant o-dihydroxyphenols on antioxidant defense mechanisms within the cereal aphid species are discussed.

Comparison of the winter development, reproduction and lifespan of viviparae of Sitobion avenae (F.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on wheat and perennial rye grass in England

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Total Fecundity ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

AbstractThe mid-winter development, reproduction and survival of field-acclimatized viviparae of Sitobion avenae (F.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) on leaves of tillering wheat and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) plants at similar growth stages were compared by monitoring batches of aphids in clip-cages in field plots in southern England. For both aphid species, survival, total fecundity and reproductive rate were much higher on wheat than on L. perenne, and on both host-plants they were much higher for S. avenae than for R. padi. Development times (in day-degrees) were longer on L. perenne than on wheat, and on both host-plants were longer for R. padi than for S. avenae, though these differences were less marked. Comparison of the results with those of earlier studies suggests that large changes in cereal aphid performance occur between summer and winter and that these are both aphid-specific and host-plant-specific.

Electrophoretic study of enzymes from cereal aphid populations. I. Electrophoretic techniques and staining systems for characterising isoenzymes from six species of cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Loxdale ◽  
P. Castañera ◽  
C. P. Brookes
Keyword(s):  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Electrophoretic Study ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Electrophoretic Techniques

AbstractOne–dimensional slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic techniques, staining systems and isoenzyme banding patterns for 14 soluble enzymes separated from crude homogenates of individuals of six species of cereal aphids (Sitobion avenae (F.), S. fragariae (Wlk.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Wlk.), M. festucae (Theo.), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and R. maidis (Fitch)) are described. The value of the techniques and banding patterns to taxonomic and population genetic studies of these and other aphid species are briefly discussed. With the six species, it was possible to separate the different genera as well as individual species within genera. The enzymes found to be most useful for inter–generic and/or -specific separations were adenylate kinase (AK), esterase (EST), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), hexokinase (HK), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), peptidase (PEP), phosphatase (PHOS), phosphoglucomutase (PMG), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORDH), whilst glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPD), malic enzyme (ME) and peroxidase (POD) were of relatively little taxonomic use. There were no banding pattern differences between the various morphs of S. avenae (first to fourth-instar nymphs, apterous and alate adults using the 14 enzymes.

THE AERIAL APHID PLANKTON OVER THE RESEARCH STATION, FREDERICTON, NEW BRUNSWICK, 1967–1969

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1069-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean B. Adams ◽  
M. E. Drew ◽  
M. E. MacGillivray
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Air Passage

AbstractGauze covers placed over the entrance of one air intake louver (1.52 m × 1.52 m, ht. 11.85 m, air passage 3055.8 cu.m/min) on the penthouse of the Research Station, from May until December, during a 3-year period, trapped more than 150 aphid species. In addition a considerable amount of intercepted aphid material was identified to genus only. A total of 31,482 specimens were trapped over the period.Five species, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus), Mindarus abietinus Koch, Alhis craccae Linnaeus, and Capitophorus eleagni (del Guercio), predominated in all years. In 1967 and 1968 more than 100 specimens each of Pterocallis alnifoliae (Fitch), Tinocallis ulmifolii Monell, Myzocallis occultus Richards, Prociphilus americanus (Walker), Capitophorus hippophaes (Walker), Hayhurstia atriplicis (Linnaeus), Thuleaphis rumexicolens (Patch), and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were trapped each year.Once potential development temperatures were reached there was little correlation between mean temperatures and aphid numbers up until frost.The earliest interception was 6 May; general dispersal was under way by 6 June and continued until late November, despite preceding October frost.

scholarly journals Asexual reproduction of a few genotypes favored the invasion of the cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi in Chile

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7366
Author(s):  
María E. Rubio-Meléndez ◽  
Joceline Barrios-SanMartin ◽  
Felipe E. Pina-Castro ◽  
Christian C. Figueroa ◽  
Claudio C. Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Multilocus Genotype ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Major Pest

Background Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are insects with one of the highest potentials for invasion. Several aphid species are present globally due to introduction events; they represent important pests of agroecosystems. The bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) is a major pest of cereals and pasture grasses worldwide. Here, we report the genetic features of populations of R. padi that colonize different cereal crops in central Chile. Methods Rhopalosiphum padi individuals were collected in central Chile and genotyped at six microsatellite loci. The most frequent multilocus genotype (MLG) was then studied further to assess its reproductive performance across cereal hosts under laboratory conditions. Results Populations of R. padi in Chile are characterized by a low clonal diversity (G/N = 62/377 = 0.16) and the overrepresentation of a few widely distributed MLGs. One of the MLGs constituted roughly half of the sample and was observed in all sampled populations at high frequencies. Furthermore, this putative aphid “superclone” exhibited variations in its reproductive performance on cereals most commonly cultivated in Chile. The sampled populations also exhibited weak signs of genetic differentiation among hosts and localities. Our findings suggest that (1) obligate parthenogenesis is the primary reproductive mode of R. padi in Chile in the sampled range and (2) its introduction involved the arrival of a few genotypes that multiplied asexually.

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