Self-ignition temperature of the dust accumulations for sunflower and wood powders

Spontaneous combustion is a phenomenon that results from the heating of combustible organic powders by slow oxidation and which occurs through the air passage (created by an air depression) through the mass of dust. The oxidation phenomenon of combustible powders represents their reaction with atmospheric oxygen resulting in products of carbon dioxide, carbon oxide, water and other gases whose content depends on the temperature at which the oxidation takes place. The self-ignition of combustible dusts depends on their chemical composition, the properties of component substances, on the particle size and geometry of the material mass and, last but not least, on the temperature of the environment. Due to global worries of sustainability in construction engineering the trend is to use ecofriendly organic waste to various purposes as in construction materials. The challenge is that by using this kind of materials one should ensure the safety related to the process of such organic materials which are known to have combustible properties. The purpose of this work is to present the self-ignition behavior of combustible dusts such as sunflower and wood by means of drying tests under constant temperature conditions.

MANAGEMENT OF TAMAKA SHWASA WITH GHRITA BHRISHTA HARIDRA

Shwasa is a chronic condition that developed as a result of Pranavaha sroto dushti, here the shwasa roga is developed due to two types of srodo dushti i.e. sangha (Due to kapha avarodha) and vimarga gamana (of the udana vata). Asthma is a condition that affects the quality of life of an individual. Especially this condition aggravates and worsens in the cold season. Depending on the sign and symptoms Shwasa roga can be compared with Asthma. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the airway of lungs and leads to narrowing of air passage, it is an episodic disease manifested clinically by paroxysms of dyspnoea, tightness of chest along with wheezing sound and coughing usually more at night or early morning. Asthma rapidly increasing in India due to pollution, Among India’s 1.31 billion people, about 6% of children and 2% of adults are suffering from asthma.[1] Tamaka shwasa is one among the Shwasaroga and it is predominantly Vatakaphajavyadhi. This disease is maintainable by giving proper medication like shodhana (Vmana, Virechana, etc...) and shamana chikitsa (Swasa kutara rasa, swasamrita etc...), if the proper treatment is not given to the patient is proper time, then this condition gets worse and become life-threatening. So, the following case study is explaining about the management of Swasa roga of 8 years history with Ayurvedic medications. Keywords: Tamaka Shwasa, Deppana, Paachana, Shodhana, Shamana.

Perioperative Management of Percutaneous Dilated Tracheostomy for Patient during Intensive Care after Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) Shunt Installation

Background: Tracheostomy is a technique used to treat patients with inadequate ventilation and upper airway obstruction by making air passage through the neck directly into the trachea. Percutaneous dilated tracheostomy is usually performed in patients requiring long-term use of a ventilator in an intensive care unit. Basic knowledge of perioperative management of percutaneous dilated tracheostomy is fundamental and must be mastered by anesthesiologists. Case: A woman, 45 years old is treated at dr. Moewardi hospital with decreased consciousness E2V2M3, non-communicant hydrocephalus, and intraventricular hemorrhage. The patient underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery and was admitted to the intensive care unit. Patients require long-term use of a ventilator and thus require percutaneous dilated tracheostomy. The percutaneous dilated tracheostomy procedure was successfully performed and there were no complications after the procedure. Conclusion: Percutaneous dilated tracheostomy is a minimally invasive tracheostomy technique as an alternative to conventional techniques, with lower complications and shorter time.

Unrooting the Potential of Intranasal Administration of Curcumin as a Novel Asthma Controller by Alleviating Airway Inflammation

Asthma is a chronic disease where air passage of the lung is inflamed and swollen. It is among major non-communicable diseases (NCDs) with more than 339 million sufferers and affects patients’ quality of life. Some drugs are currently used to control asthma symptoms, but it has its own economic burden. The aim of this literature review is to assess the potential use of curcumin to control asthma, as curcumin is cheaper and widely available in Indonesia. A total of eight literature was acquired after searching through Pubmed, Clinical Key, Scopus, Science Direct, Proquest, and Wiley Online databases with keywords including “intranasal”, “curcumin”, “asthma”, “inflammation”, and “airway”. Since inflammation is the most featured phenomenon in asthmatics that may lead to airway obstruction, it is important to lessen airway inflammation and thus control asthma. This mechanism can be seen in administration of curcumin, which although having a wide array of interaction with pathways, showcased to have anti-inflammatory effect which is beneficial in asthma. The anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin also negates other pathologic events relevant in asthma and appears to be preventive if administered before exacerbation. Intranasal administration displayed to be the most efficacious in asthma model, bested the efficacy of standard drugs. Lastly, no toxicity was observed by included studies.

Optimal Design of Off-Road Utility Terrain Vehicle Air Filter Intake

The air filters applied in utility terrain vehicles (UTVs), which are usually driven on dust-prone unpaved roads, employ a two-stage air cleaner that increases the lifespan of the filter element by using a pre-cleaner stage in the air filter intake housing to centrifugally separate any dust particles contained in the intake air before sending the cleaned air to the primary filter. Thus, maximizing the centrifugation capacity by properly modifying the geometry of the intake air passage in the filter housing is important to ensure engine performance and filter lifespan. The geometry of the pre-cleaner air passage was therefore optimized in this study in terms of the inclination angle and air passage location angle using a computational flow analysis to maximize the centrifugal removal of dust particles. The resulting overall pre-cleaner efficiency and overall pre-cleaner efficiency per pressure drop were then used as the objective functions to maximize the dust particle removal capacity according to centrifugation speed. The method demonstrated in this study for optimizing air filter intake geometry can be used to improve and prolong the performance of UTV engines.

CFD Analysis of Monolithic Heat Exchanger by Using Various Ceramic Materials

The main objective of this paper is to increase the heat exchange rate in the monolithic heat exchanger by changing the air passage shape and materials; here we used circular, hexagonal, oval shape for air passage and Al2O3, SiC CrCO3 ceramic materials for our research work. The heat flow rate is analyzed in CFD fluent software and model in done in CATIA software.

Sustainable Pneumatic Transport Systems of Cereals

Technological pneumatic transport installations are designed to move materials from one place to another in various phases of the production process. For example: loadingunloading materials (cereals) using rail and marine transport, air tunnel container transport, supplying combustion installations with burning coal dust. The main parameter in pneumatic transport installations is the velocity of air. For the regime of motion with material particles in suspension, for a given flow material, the higher the velocity is the greater the pressure loss will be and thus the energy consumption for transportation will increase. In horizontal pipes at the beginning of motion flow we have a compact regime, and then due to decrease air velocity a continuous layer regime is forming. This is the apparent motion in wich the pressure losses increase with the decrease of velocity. By reducing the air velocity the thickness of the deposited material increases and the real air passage section decreases and therefore the real air velocity increases, which explains the increase in pressure loss. In vertical pipes if the air velocity decreases below the lower limit of volant transport, after a critical area of instability, a transportation fluidized bed is established, the pressure losses being much larger than the particles in suspension mode. If the velocity further decreases the particles can not be entrained in the air.

Analysis of the Behavior in the Wind Tunnel of an Experimental Model of Savonius with Interlocking Cups with the Classic Ones with 2, 3 and 4 Semi-Cylindrical Cups

The paper is based on experiments conducted on the wind tunnel at low wind speeds (<9.5 m/s), on an experimental model of S-rotor wind turbine type with four blades and a D/H ratio of 1. Semi-cylindrical cups opposite 180 degrees are aerodynamically coupled by overlap and with an air passage gap to equalize the pressures. The formed channel is shaped to allow the same for pairs of blades at 90 degrees. The experimental model has an area of 0.025 m2 which represents 10% of the surface of the measuring section of the wind tunnel (0.25 m2). The behavior of the experimental model was compared with the experimental models of S-rotor with 2, 3 and 4 semi-cylindrical cups, with the same interception surface. The results confirm the better start of the experimental model by reducing dead zones and operating more evenly and stably over a longer range of wind speeds. The results confirm the validity of the proposed concept of interwoven aerodynamic coupling of semi-cylindrical cups.

Finite Element Analysis of Stress on Cross-Wavy Primary Surface Recuperator Based on Thermal-Structural Coupling Model

In order to study the stress, strain and deformation of the recuperator, the thermal-structural coupling finite element analysis model of cross-wavy primary surface recuperator of gas microturbine was established. The stress of cross-wavy primary surface recuperator after operation under design conditions was analyzed by finite element method. The reliability of the material selected for the recuperator was verified, and the effects of pressure ratio and gas inlet temperature on stress and displacement of the recuperator were analyzed. The research results show that the maximum stress and strain on the gas outlet side of the recuperator are higher than the maximum stress and strain on the gas inlet side when only pressure is considered, and the result is the opposite when pressure and thermal stress are considered. The air passage of the recuperator deforms to the side of the gas passage, the air passage becomes larger, and the gas passage shrinks. With the increase of pressure ratio between air side and gas side, the maximum stress of recuperator passage also increases. When the pressure ratio increases to 8.4, the strength limit of the heat exchange fin material is reached. When the gas and air outlet temperatures remain unchanged and the thermal ratio decreases, as the gas inlet temperature increases, the maximum stress increases. For every 50 K increase in the gas inlet temperature, the maximum stress of the recuperator increases by about 2.3 MPa. The research results can be used to guide the designing and optimization of recuperator.