scholarly journals Bmapaf-1 is Involved in the Response against BmNPV Infection by the Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Xue-yang Wang ◽  
Xin-yi Ding ◽  
Qian-ying Chen ◽  
Kai-xiang Zhang ◽  
Chun-xiao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Mitochondrial Apoptosis ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Budded Virus ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Bmn Cells

Discovery of the anti-BmNPV (Bombyx mori nuclearpolyhedrovirus) silkworm strain suggests that some kind of antiviral molecular mechanism does exist but is still unclear. Apoptosis, as an innate part of the immune system, plays an important role in the response against pathogen infections and may be involved in the anti-BmNPV infection. Several candidate genes involved in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were identified from our previous study. Bombyx mori apoptosis protease-activating factor-1 (Bmapaf-1) was one of them, but the antiviral mechanism is still unclear. In this study, sequences of BmApaf-1 were characterized. It was found to contain a unique transposase_1 functional domain and share high CARD and NB-ARC domains with other species. Relatively high expression levels of Bmapaf-1 were found at key moments of embryonic development, metamorphosis, and reproductive development. Further, the significant difference in expression of Bmapaf-1 in different tissues following virus infection indicated its close relationship with BmNPV, which was further validated by RNAi and overexpression in BmN cells. Briefly, infection of budded virus with enhanced green fluorescent protein (BV-EGFP) was significantly inhibited at 72 h after overexpression of Bmapaf-1, which was confirmed after knockdown of Bmapaf-1 with siRNA. Moreover, the downstream genes of Bmapaf-1, including Bmnedd2-like caspase (BmNc) and Bmcaspase-1 (Bmcas-1), were upregulated after overexpression of Bmapaf-1 in BmN cells, which was consistent with the RNAi results. Furthermore, the phenomenon of Bmapaf-1 in response to BmNPV infection was determined to be related to apoptosis using the apoptosis inducer NSC348884 and inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK. Therefore, Bmapaf-1 is involved in the response against BmNPV infection by the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. This result provides valuable data for clarifying the anti-BmNPV mechanism of silkworms and breeding of resistant silkworm strains.

scholarly journals Response of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed Spodoptera littoralis larvae to baculovirus infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 2217-2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadassah Rivkin ◽  
Jeremy A. Kroemer ◽  
Alexander Bronshtein ◽  
Eduard Belausov ◽  
Bruce A. Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Green Fluorescent Protein Gene ◽  
Successful Infection ◽  
Baculovirus Infection ◽  
Budded Virus ◽  
Green Fluorescent

The Mediterranean lepidopteran pest Spodoptera littoralis is highly resistant to infection with the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) via the oral route, but highly sensitive to infection with budded virus (BV) via the intrahaemocoelic route. To study the fate of AcMNPV infection in S. littoralis, vHSGFP, an AcMNPV recombinant that expresses the reporter green fluorescent protein gene under the control of the Drosophila heat-shock promoter, and high-resolution fluorescence microscopy were utilized. S. littoralis fourth-instar larvae infected orally with vHSGFP showed melanization and encapsulation of virus-infected tracheoblast cells serving the midgut columnar cells. At 72 h post-infection, the viral foci were removed during the moult clearing the infection. Thus, oral infection was restricted by immune responses to the midgut and midgut-associated tracheal cells. By contrast, injection of BV into the haemocoel resulted in successful infection of tracheoblasts, followed by spread of the virus through the tracheal epidermis to other tissues. However, in contrast to fully permissive infections where tracheoblasts and haemocytes are equally susceptible to infection, a severe limitation to vHSGFP infection of haemocytes was observed. To investigate the resistance of S. littoralis haemocytes to BV infection with AcMNPV, the larval immune system was suppressed with the Chelonus inanitus polydnavirus or a putatively immunosuppressive polydnavirus gene, P-vank-1. Both treatments increased the susceptibility of S. littoralis larvae to AcMNPV. It is concluded that the resistance of S. littoralis to AcMNPV infection involves both humoral and cellular immune responses that act at the gut and haemocyte levels. The results also support the hypothesis that tracheolar cells mediate establishment of systemic baculovirus infections in lepidopteran larvae. The finding that polydnaviruses and their encoded genes synergize baculovirus infection also provides an approach to dissecting the responses of the lepidopteran immune system to viruses by using specific polydnavirus immunosuppressive genes.

Purification and characterization of a cytotoxic neurotoxin-like protein from Naja haje haje venom that induces mitochondrial apoptosis pathway

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 941-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr E. El Hakim ◽  
Amira M. Gamal-Eldeen ◽  
Yasser E. Shahein ◽  
Nahla M. Mansour ◽  
Ahmed F. Wahby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Apoptosis ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Naja Haje

3,3′,4,4′,5‐Pentachlorobiphenyl influences mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in granulosa cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 120 (9) ◽  
pp. 15337-15346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhong ◽  
Jianmei Zhang ◽  
Xiaoying Han ◽  
Xiaoxiao Gongye ◽  
Tianqi Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Apoptosis ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway
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