scholarly journals Susceptibility of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Pupae to Soil Applied Entomopathogenic Fungal Biopesticides

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Reynardt Erasmus ◽  
Johnnie van den Berg ◽  
Hannalene du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Oil Formulation ◽  
Fungal Biopesticides

Management of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in greenhouses and under open-field tomato cultivation relies on an integrated approach, largely targeting the egg and larval stages of the pest. However, little to no research has been done on the efficacy of EPFs for control of the pupal stage. The aims of this study were to determine the susceptibility of T. absoluta pupae to Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae spores applied as soil drench treatments, and the possible effects of these treatments on fecundity and fertility of moths. The lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC80) of the respective products were estimated in dose-response bioassays by exposing pupae in a soil substrate to different concentrations of EPF products. Emerging moths were paired in different combinations, according to EPF exposure treatments after which fecundity and fertility of females were recorded. Pupae in the soil were effectively controlled by all EPF products in both bioassays as well as in a growth tunnel experiment. The LC50 value of the B. bassiana oil formulation was significantly lower than that of other treatments. The fecundity of females that were subjected to the B. bassiana oil formulation was significantly lower than that of the control treatment. This study showed the potential of soil drench applications of both B. bassiana and M. anisopliae for control of T. absoluta pupae.

scholarly journals Evaluating the virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) and Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) isolates to Arabian rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes agamemnon arabicus

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Khudhair ◽  
M.Z. Khalaf ◽  
H.F. Alrubeai ◽  
A.K. Shbar ◽  
B.S. Hamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Oryctes Agamemnon ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Short Time

Virulence of entomopathogenic fungi <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> and <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> were tested against Arabian Rhinoceros Beetle, <em>Oryctes agamemnon arabicus</em> larvae. Four concentrations (1×10<sup>5</sup>, 1×10<sup>7</sup>, 1×10<sup>9</sup> and 1×10<sup>11</sup> conidia/mL<sup>–1</sup>) of two locally isolated entomopathogenic fungi spore suspensions were used in this study via larval direct spraying. Results revealed that both isolates can cause high mortality rate reaching 100% after 29 days. However, <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> scored higher mortality rate in short time especially at the concentration of 1×10<sup>11</sup> conidia/ mL<sup>–1</sup> with lethal time (LT)<sub>50</sub> 12.75 and LT<sub>90</sub> 20.00; while, <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> caused the higher percentage of malformed adults. Moreover, both isolates affected insect’s life cycle particularly in the pupal stage which was reduced remarkably by almost 50% in comparison with the control treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of some bioinsecticides on the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alime Bayindir Erol ◽  
Oktay Erdoğan ◽  
İsmail Karaca
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Tomato Leaf Miner

Abstract Background In this study, commercial bioinsecticides including entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Verticillium lecanii, and Spinetoram active ingredient insecticide were evaluated against the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvae. Main body The active ingredients were prepared at the recommended concentrations under laboratory conditions and applied to the 2nd instar larvae of T. absoluta by spraying with a hand sprayer. On the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of the application, evaluations were made by counting survived individuals. The findings showed that the highest mortality rates were detected in the case of Spinetoram with 56, 60, 88, and 100% on all counting days of the experiments, respectively. The highest mortality rate among bioinsecticides was recorded for M. anisopliae, with 87% mortality on the 7th day of application. Short conclusion As a result, Spinetoram was found the most effective insecticide when applied to T. absoluta, followed by M. anisopliae.

scholarly journals Effect of Leaves and Fruits Ethanolic Extract of Duranta repens on Mosquito Culex pipens pipens

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Biological Performance

The study aimes to investigate the effects of leaves & fruits ethanolic extract of Duranta repens L. on biological performance for all stages of life cycle of the mosquito Culex pipiens piepiens L., For this purpose the mosquitoes were reared in the laboratory till the fourth generation .Different concentrations of leaves (800,1000,1200,1400ppm) and fruits (800,1000,1200ppm) were tested on (eggs,larval stages,pupal stages and the adult stages). The results revealed that the extracts gave highest mortality rate for the eggs at(100%) compared with control,fruits extract shown highest mortality rate of the four larval instars (100%)at 1200ppm compared with leave extract at(80,50,33.33,20%).Also the extract caused a high mortality rate for pupal stage compared with fruits extract at(76.66,53.33%)respectively.Also ethanolic extract caused a 83.33,76.66% for male &femail. Developmental deformation was observed.. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicate that the leaves &fruits extracts of Duranta repens L., , can be widely and effectively used in the control of mosquito.

Effect of Deicing Salt on Catalase Activity and Malondialdehyde Contents in Gills and Muscle Tissues of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Fa Yun Li ◽  
Guo Qiang Wu ◽  
Qun Gao ◽  
Zhi Ping Fan ◽  
Guo Chen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Deicing Salt ◽  
Experimental Time ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Safe Concentration

The present study was designed to elucidate the Catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in gills and muscle tissues of Zebrafish in exposure to different concentrations of deicing salt. According to the value of 96 h LC50, five different concentration treatments (4.30, 5.38, 6.73, 8.41 and 10.51 g/L) of deicing salt were set up with no application of deicing salt (0 g/L) as control treatment, and the activity of CAT and MDA in the gills and muscle tissues of Zebrafish were measured at 1d, 4d, and 7 d exposure. The results showed that the 96 h LC50 value of deicing salt for Zebrafish was 13.49 g/L and the safe concentration was 4.26 g/L. The CAT activity in muscle tissues of Zebrafish was activated significantly (P<0.01) at 1d, and was inhibited significantly with the concentration of 10.51 g/L (P<0.05) by comparing with the control treatment during the whole experimental time. However, the CAT activity in gills was activated significantly (P<0.01) with the concentration of 5.38 g/L, and inhibited significantly (P<0.05) with the concentration of 10.51 g/L. The MDA contents in gills of Zebrafish enhanced gradually with the deicing salt concentration increased. In muscle tissues of Zebrafish, MDA contents decreased gradually during the whole experimental time.

Efficacy of fungicides in controlling late blight of potato

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
MM Anwar ◽  
A Parveen ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
NU Mahamud ◽  
RK Roy
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Late Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato

Potato cultivars grown in Bangladesh have low levels of general resistance to late blight. As such, most commercial potato farmers rely on fungicide applications for control of Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight. Management of late blight of potato requires an integrated approach that includes rotation with non-hosts, resistant cultivars, cultural practices, and fungicides. The study on efficacy of some new fungicides against late blight disease of potato was conducted at ARS, Alamnagar Rangpur during rabi season 2010-2011 to select suitable fungicides against late blight of potato. Thirteen different fungicides were tested and all the tested fungicides showed significantly better performance over control. Considering percentage disease incidence T4,T6 and T12 showed better performance than all other treatment. In case of T4,T6 and T12 treatment disease reduction was more than 80 % over control. Significantly the highest tuber yield 25.5 t ha-1was obtained from T3  which was statistically similar to the yield of T2,T5 , T6, T9, T10, T11and T12  treatment whereas the lowest tuber  yield 14.5 t ha-1 was obtained from control treatment. Field experiment was conducted from 2010 to 2011 to investigate the comparative efficacy of the fungicides. In the field, applications of fungicide that preceded the largest incremental increase in disease incidence provided the best control of disease or increased yield.Progressive Agriculture 26 (2): 103-108, 2015

Laboratory screening for virulent entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema yirgalemense) and fungi (Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana) and assessment of possible synergistic effects of combined use against grubs of the barley chafer Coptognathus curtipennis

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Anbesse ◽  
Bekele J. Adge ◽  
Wondirad M. Gebru
Keyword(s):  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Steinernema Yirgalemense

Abstract The barley chafer grub, Coptognathus curtipennis, is an important field pest of barley, wheat and linseed seedlings at Tikur Inchini district of theWest Shewa zone of Ethiopia in Ormoia regional state. Two entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema yirgalemense, strains ANEPN21, ANEPN22, respectively) and three entomopathogenic fungal isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (MM, EE and PPRC66) were compared separately at different rates of concentration for their effect against C. curtipennis in laboratory bioassays. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and M. anisopliae isolate MM were found to be the most pathogenic to C. curtipennis at 1000 infective juveniles (IJ)/grub and 108 conidia (g soil)–1 concentration, causing 88.7% and 88.6% mortality, respectively, after 3-4 weeks exposure. These two most effective entomopathogens were further tested against the same insect in simultaneous and sequential combination with each other. Insect larvae were exposed to optimal concentration of H. bacteriophora and M. anisopliae isolate MM, which caused 50% larval mortality, i.e., 380 IJ/grub and 1.7 × 107 conidia (g soil)–1, respectively, as observed in the first experiments. The combined application increased larval mortality in an additive and synergistic manner. To achieve a strong synergistic effect, larva had to be exposed to M. anisopliae isolate MM 3 weeks before the addition of nematodes. The result of the whole experiment suggests that the damage caused by barley chafer grub can be controlled or managed by applying EPN and/or fungi. Furthermore, the combined use of M. anisopliae with nematodes may offer an integrated approach to increase the efficacy of EPN for C. curtipennis control and perhaps other insect pests.

scholarly journals Effect of heat stress and oil formulation on conidial germination of Metarhizium anisopliae s.s. on tick cuticle and artificial medium

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 94-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas P. Barreto ◽  
Christian Luz ◽  
Gabriel M. Mascarin ◽  
Donald W. Roberts ◽  
Walquíria Arruda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Artificial Medium ◽  
Oil Formulation

SURVIVAL OF AEDES LARVAE IN CONSTANT AREA PONDS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pritchard ◽  
P. J. Scholefield
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Daily Mortality ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Constant Area ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Heavy Mortality

AbstractMosquito eggs were hatched by artificially flooding dry pond beds and estimates of population size were made through larval development for one population of Aedes spencerii, two of A. cataphylla, and three of A. vexans. Overall daily mortality rates were between 8 and 21% and survival to the pupal stage was generally less than 20%, even though water levels were maintained. Mortality appeared to be higher in early larval stages than in later larval stages. Predation was unimportant and survival rate may have depended on food supply or temperature or an interaction between the two. In normal ponds populations often suffer heavy mortality when ponds dry up before development is complete. A. cataphylla, a spring species, developed faster than A. vexans, a summer species, at low temperatures but more slowly at high temperatures.

scholarly journals Bioaktivitas Formulasi Minyak Biji Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) terhadap Spodoptera litura F.

Agrikultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raden Arif Malik Ramadhan ◽  
Lindung Tri Puspasari ◽  
Rika Meliansyah ◽  
Rani Maharani ◽  
Yusup Hidayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Oil Formulation ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
Test Insect

ABSTRACTBioactivity Formulation of Seed Neem Oil Azadirachta indica (A.Juss) against Spodoptera litura (F)The purpose of this research was to know the influence of neem seed extract formulation (Azadin 50 EC) on the mortality, larvae development, larvae weight, and food consumption of Armyworm (Spodoptera litura). This research used randomized complete design with 6 treatments and 5 replications, i.e. control, formula at concentration of 0.2%, 0.4%; 0.8%; 1.6%; and 3.2%. Correlation of concentration neem seed oil formulation and mortality of test insect was analysed using probit analysis, weight of test larvae presented in mean and standard deviation, and development time and food consumption of test larvae analysed with analysis of varians. Formula Azadin 50 EC had LC50 value of 0.659% (0.550-0.781%) at 12 days after treatment. The mortality increased significantly in pupae stage that caused LC50 value become 0.152%. The formula prolonged development time, decrease the weight of test insect and decrease food consumption by the larvae.Keywords: Lethal concentration, Mortality, Growth derangement, ExtractABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari perlakuan formulasi minyak biji mimba Azadin 50 EC terhadap mortalitas, perkembangan larva, bobot larva dan konsumsi pakan ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura F.). Metode Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dengan 5 kali ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut yaitu : Kontrol, konsentrasi formula minyak mimba Azadin 50 EC 0,2%; 0,4%; 0,8%; 1,6% dan 3,2%. Hubungan mortalitas dengan konsentrasi formula dianalisis menggunakan analisis probit, sedangkan data bobot larva, konsumsi pakan dan waktu perkembangan larva dianalisis dengan sidik ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula minyak biji A. Indica memiliki nilai LC50 sebesar 0,659% (0,550-0,781%) terhadap larva instar 2 hingga instar 4. Pada fase pupa kematian kembali meningkat tajam sehingga nilai LC50 menjadi 0,152%. Perlakuan formula tersebut mengakibatkan perpanjangan waktu perkembangan, menurunkan bobot, dan menurunkan konsumsi pakan larva uji.Kata Kunci: Konsentrasi letal, Mortalitas, Gangguan perkembangan, Ekstrak

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