scholarly journals Intraguild Interactions between the Mealybug Predators Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Chrysoperla carnea

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Laura Golsteyn ◽  
Hana Mertens ◽  
Joachim Audenaert ◽  
Ruth Verhoeven ◽  
Bruno Gobin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petri Dish ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Cryptolaemus Montrouzieri ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Intraguild Interactions ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Protected Cultivation

The ladybird Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and the green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea have shown potential for use in augmentative biological control of mealybug pests in greenhouse crops. In the context of combining these predators within an integrated pest management system, the risk of negative intraguild interactions between both predators was evaluated in a laboratory setting. Different life stages of either predator were confronted in petri dish arenas containing a Ficus benjamina leaf, and after 24 h the incidence and direction of intraguild predation (IGP) was recorded for each combination. The effect of adding Planococcus citri nymphs or Ephestia kuehniella eggs as extraguild prey on the level of IGP was also studied. IGP was frequently observed between the two predator species and was asymmetrical in favour of C. carnea in most cases. The presence of extraguild prey reduced the number of IGP events between the predators to a similar extent. The relevance of the observed intraguild interactions for the combined use of these predators in protected cultivation is discussed.

scholarly journals The interactions between natural enemies and their role in controlling Bactericera cockerelli in potatoes

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 293-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H. MacDonald ◽  
G.P. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Intraguild Interactions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Coccinella Undecimpunctata ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

The impacts of naturally occurring predators for control of Bactericera cockerelli (tomatopotato psyllid; TPP) have been assessed in potatoes at Pukekohe for 3 years Results indicate that the most commonly found predator species are Micromus tasmaniae (brown lacewing) and Melanostoma fasciatum (small hoverfly) with populations of small hoverfly eggs and larvae reaching up to almost 200 per plant in unsprayed plants over January and February Continuing with intensive studies on TPP these naturally occurring predators appear to be important biological control agents In laboratory choice and no choice assays results indicate these two predator species eat all life stages of TPP even in the presence of aphids The intraguild interactions between predator species are now being investigated to ascertain from a suite of predators on potatoes which are likely to be the best allies in developing an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programme for potatoes Laboratory studies indicate that larvae of small hoverfly and larval and adult life stages of Coccinella undecimpunctata (11spotted ladybird) may be displacing brown lacewings

Feeding potential of predator, Cryptolaemus Montrouzieri on Planococcus Citri and Paracoccus Marginatus

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
S. Srinivas Naik ◽  
M. Suganthy ◽  
S. Mohan Kumar ◽  
V. Jegadeeswari
Keyword(s):  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Cryptolaemus Montrouzieri ◽  
Feeding Potential

scholarly journals Effect of Potassium Bicarbonate (MilStop®) and Insecticides on the Citrus Mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso), and the Natural Enemies Leptomastix dactylopii (Howard) and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant)

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1513-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K. Hogendorp ◽  
Raymond A. Cloyd
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Potassium Bicarbonate ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Cryptolaemus Montrouzieri ◽  
Citrus Mealybug ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Leptomastix Dactylopii

Both laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine if the fungicide, MilStop® (BioWorks, Victor, NY), which contains the active ingredient, potassium bicarbonate, has direct activity on the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri Risso. Spray applications of four different rates (4.5, 5.9, 7.4, and 14.9 g·L–1) were applied to green coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd., plants infested with citrus mealybugs. In addition, experiments were conducted to assess both the direct and indirect effects of MilStop® on two natural enemies of the citrus mealybug: the parasitoid, Leptomastix dactylopii (Howard), and the coccinellid beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant). MilStop® provided between 56% and 86% mortality of citrus mealybug; however, the highest rate (14.9 g·L–1) was phytotoxic to coleus plants. Percent mortality associated with the second highest rate (7.4 g·L–1) was 82%, which was comparable to acetamiprid (84%) applied at 0.05 g·L–1. For the natural enemies, MilStop® treatment rates of 1.5 and 3.5 g·L–1 resulted in 16% mortality, whereas the 5.5- and 9.0-g·L–1 rates resulted in 33% mortality of L. dactylopii adults. MilStop® treatment rates of 3.5, 5.5, 9.0, and 12.0 g·L–1 resulted in 30%, 60%, 40%, and 90% mortality, respectively, of C. montrouzieri adults. Therefore, depending on the application rate, this fungicide may inadvertently kill citrus mealybugs when used to control fungal plant pathogens. It should not disrupt biological control programs targeting citrus mealybug in greenhouses that involve releases of L. dactylopii when used at low application rates, whereas MilStop® applications should be properly timed when using C. montrouzieri.

scholarly journals Natural enemies associated to aphids in peach orchards in Araucária, Paraná, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM. Schuber ◽  
LB. Monteiro ◽  
LM. Almeida ◽  
MAC. Zawadneak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Cryptolaemus Montrouzieri ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Eriopis Connexa ◽  
Pan Traps ◽  
Aphid Populations

Natural enemies of the Class Insecta are important agents in the balance of aphid populations and an alternative to using insecticides to control these insects. The aim of this study was to identify the species of natural enemies associated with aphids present in peach orchards and observe the efficiency of capturing different sampling methods. The experiment was conducted from July, 2005 to September, 2006 in six peach orchards 'Chimarrita', in Araucária, PR, Brazil. The samples were taken by visual analysis in peach plants and weeds, yellow pan traps, sticky traps and funnels. Predator species were identified: Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Cycloneda pulchella, Cycloneda sanguinea, Eriopis connexa, Harmonia axyridis, Hippodamia convergens and Scymnus sp. (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), Allograpta sp., Palpada sp. and Toxomerus sp. (Diptera, Syrphidae) and Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) and the parasitoids: Diaretiella rapae, Opius sp. and Praon sp (Braconidae). Examples of Encyrtidae and Eulophidae await identification. Chrysoperla sp. was a less abundant species. There were no statistically significant differences between the different sampling methods tested.

Natural enemies of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) found on citrus and effects of some insecticides on the mealybug parasitoid Coccidoxenoides peregrinus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in South Africa

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Wakgari ◽  
J.H. Giliomee
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Pseudococcus Longispinus ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Intensive Sampling

AbstractThe population density of mealybug species in some South African citrus orchards has increased to pest status in recent years. The characterization of the natural enemy complex and quantification of their contribution to the control of Planococcus citri (Risso), Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti) and Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell) on Citrus limon (L.) and Citrus reticulata (Blanco) was investigated through intensive sampling. Eight primary and four secondary parasitoids, and two predator species were identified from P. citri and P. calceolariae. Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) and Coccidoxenoides peregrinus (Timberlake) were the most common species, accounting for 44% and 21% of the total. Of the five primary parasitoids reared from P. longispinus, A. pseudococci and Anagyrus sp. were predominant, comprising 41% and 30%. Nymphal and adult parasitism (range = 0–26% vs. 0–66%) and predation (range = 0–5.6% vs. 0–4.1%) varied significantly between host trees and mealybug species (P < 0.001). The numbers of nymphal instars and adult stages of P. calceolariae and P. longispinus and the nymphal stage of P. citri that were parasitized and killed by predators correlated significantly with the total number of hosts on which they acted (P < 0.01), suggesting a density-dependent association. Laboratory bioassay of nine contact insecticides (methidathion, methomyl, methyl-parathion, parathion, profenofos and prothiofos) against C. peregrinus indicated that all were highly toxic, causing 98–100% mortality in < 6 h of treatment. The IGRs fenoxycarb and triflumuron did not cause significant parasitoid mortality (P > 0.05). However, a mixture of pyriproxyfen and mineral oil caused a marginally significant mortality (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals The Role of Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) as a Potential Dispersive Agent of Noctuid Baculoviruses

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 760
Author(s):  
Oscar Giovanni Gutiérrez-Cárdenas ◽  
Ángeles Adán ◽  
Inés Beperet ◽  
Pilar Medina ◽  
Primitivo Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Autographa Californica ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Water Suspensions ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Occlusion Bodies ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Baculoviruses (BV) are highly effective against lepidopteran pests of economic importance such as Spodoptera exigua. The combined use of entomopathogens and macrobiological control agents requires the study of their relationships. Laboratory bioassays were developed to evaluate the interactions between the multiple nucleopolyhedroviruses of S. exigua (SeMNPV) and Autographa californica (AcMNPV), and the predator Chrysoperla carnea. The microscopic examination of predator’s excreta (larval drops and meconia) after the ingestion of BV-infected S. exigua revealed the presence of viral occlusion bodies (OBs). The reinfection of S. exigua larvae with BVs-contaminated excreta by using OBs water suspensions or by direct application both yielded high mortality values but different speed-of-kill results. Meconia killed before in suspensions due to their higher viral load and larval excretion drops did so in direct application due to their liquid nature and their easiness of consumption. The prey-mediated ingestion of SeMNPV and AcMNPV triggered slight effects in C. carnea, which were probably derived from the food nutritional quality. Chrysoperla carnea larvae did not discriminate between healthy and BV-infected S. exigua, while a preference was shown for S. exigua (healthy or infected) vs. Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Our findings present C. carnea, and particularly its larvae, as a promissory candidate for BV dispersion in the field.

scholarly journals Predators and parasitoids of Cacopsylla pyri (L.) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusanka Jerinic-Prodanovic ◽  
Ljiljana Protic ◽  
Ljubodrag Mihajlovic
Keyword(s):  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Cacopsylla Pyri ◽  
The World ◽  
Anthocoris Nemoralis ◽  
Campylomma Verbasci ◽  
First Time

The presence of C. pyri and its natural enemies was studied in both treated and untreated pear orchards in Serbia from 2005 to 2009. Five parasitoid and 21 predator species were identified as present on a considerable number of sites. The following parasitoid species were found: Prionomitus mitratus (Dalman), Psyllaephagus procerus Marcet, Syrphophagus ariantes (Walker), Syrphophagus taeniatus (F?rster) and Tamarixia sp. In the study, the species Psyllaephagus procerus, Syrphophagus ariantes and Tamarixia sp. were for the first time identified as parasitoids of C. pyri and as new species in the Serbian fauna. Among the parasitoids determined, Prionomitus mitratus predominated. Of the predators, the following species in four orders were registered: Dermaptera [Forficula auricularia Linnaeus (Forficulidae)], Heteroptera [Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabricius), Anthocoris nemorum (Linnaeus), Orius (Heterorius) minutus (Linnaeus), Orius (Heterorius) niger Wolff (Anthocoridae), Campylomma verbasci (Mayer-D?r), Deraeocoris (Deraeocoris) ruber (Linnaeus) and Deraeocoris (Knightocarsus) lutescens (Schilling) (Miridae)], Neuroptera [Chrysopa pallens Rambur, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), Chrysopa sp. (Chrysopidae)], and Coleoptera [Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, Adalia bipunctata Linnaeus, Adalia decempunctata (Linnaeus), Hippodamia tredecimpunctata (Linnaeus), Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus), Calvia (Anisocalvia) quatuordecimguttata (Linnaeus) (Coccinellidae), Cantharis rustica Fall?n, Rhagonycha fulva (Scopoli) and Rh. testacea (Linnaeus) (Cantharidae)]. Of the predators determined, 12 species were registered for the first time as predators of C. pyri in Serbia, while C. rustica, Rhagonycha fulva and Rh. testacea have so far been known neither in Serbia nor in the world as predators of pear suckers.

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