scholarly journals Integrated Pest Management for Stored Grain: Potential Natural Biological Control by a Parasitoid Wasp Community

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1038
Author(s):  
Avichai Harush ◽  
Elazar Quinn ◽  
Anatoly Trostanetsky ◽  
Aviv Rapaport ◽  
Moshe Kostyukovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Parasitoid Community ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wide Range

Insect contamination of stored grain is a major concern for the grain industry. Phosphine is currently the standard fumigant used to control insect pests in stored grain. However, some species and populations of insects that infest stored grain exhibit resistance to this fumigant and consumers are concerned about pesticide residues. Therefore, alternative methods of effective pest control are needed to partially or completely replace the use of phosphine. There is growing interest in biological control via parasitoid wasps. However, there is evidence that biological control will succeed only if used alongside other pest-management measures. Integrating biological control with the use of chemical insecticide is challenging and may lead to severe reductions in parasitoid survival and success. The main aim of the current study is to shed light on a greatly overlooked issue: the parasitoid community found in stored grain before and after phosphine treatment. The current study results indicate that there is a high level of parasitoid biodiversity within grain stores. We found common parasitoids at both semi-arid and Mediterranean sites, suggesting that those parasitoids can be active across a wide range of abiotic conditions. This research indicates that the community may recover even though phosphine has an immediate negative effect on a parasitoid community. Nevertheless, the parasitoid wasps seem to reduce the host population insufficiently. In light of the findings presented here, those interested in implementing pest-management strategies that include both phosphine treatment and biological control should consider conservation and augmentation of the naturally occurring parasitoid population. These studies should take into account interactions between and within parasitoid populations and phosphine distribution within the grain storage. To limit the effect of phosphine on the parasitoids, pest-management strategies should also reflect careful consideration of the timing of phosphine treatment and the need for sufficient refuge for the parasitoids.

scholarly journals “Predator-In-First”: A Preemptive Biological Control Strategy for Sustainable Management of Pepper Pests in Florida

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7816
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar ◽  
Lucky Mehra ◽  
Cindy L. McKenzie ◽  
Lance S. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽  
Consistent Performance

The early establishment of a biocontrol agent in the production system, whether in the greenhouse, nursery, or field, is essential for the success of the biological control program, ensuring growers’ profitability. In an effort to develop a sustainable pest management solution for vegetable growers in Florida, we explored the application of a preemptive biological control strategy, “Predator-In-First” (PIF), in regulating multiple pepper pests, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, and Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks under greenhouse and field conditions during different growing seasons. In these studies, two bell pepper cultivars (7039 and 7141) and the phytoseiid mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias–Henriot were used as a model system. Pepper seedlings (~8 week) of each cultivar were infested with varying rates of A. swirskii (20 or 40 mites/plant or one sachet/10 plant) and allowed to settle on plant hosts for a week before planting in pots or field beds. Results showed a comparative consistent performance of the treatment with the high rate of phytoseiids (40 mites/plant) in regulating B. tabaci and F. occidentalis populations in greenhouse studies, and B. tabaci and P. latus pests under field conditions. During two fall field seasons, higher marketable yields of 12.8% and 20.1% in cultivar 7039, and 24.3% and 39.5% in cultivar 7141 were observed in the treatment with the high rate of phytoseiids compared to the untreated control, indicating yield benefits of the approach. The outcome of the study is encouraging and demonstrates that PIF can be an important tool for organic vegetable growers and a potential alternative to chemical-based conventional pest management strategies. The advantages and limitations of the PIF approach in Florida pepper production are discussed.

scholarly journals Sequential application of bio-pesticide, botanical and chemical insecticide to manage aphid and pod borer attacking yard long bean

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Amin ◽  
AA Tarif ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
F Ge
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Population Reduction

Present study evaluated the effect of sequential application of a bio-pesticide (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki) (Bt), a botanical (neem oil) and a chemical insecticide (cypermethrin 25EC) as well as cypermethrin 25EC alone in the management of aphid (Aphis craccivora) and pod borer (Maruca vitrata) attacking yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis) in the field. In each treatment Bt, neem oil and cypermethrin were applied in alternative sequence as well as cypermethrin alone at 07 days intervals. All the treatments reduced aphid population and flower infestation after 24, 48 and 72h of treatment compared to untreated control. Aphid population reduction by the treatments over control was ranged from 34.4 to 71.9%, and the treatment with cypermethrin alone had the lowest abundance of aphid and flower infestation. The Bt followed by neem oil and cypermethrin significantly reduced the pod infestation by pod borer and increased yield (38.9–41.4%) over control with BCR: 1.85-2.16. Use of cypermethrin alone was most effective and showed the lowest pod infestation and revealed the increased yield over control (47.7%) with BCR 4.70. Considering the hazardous affect of cypermethrin alone, its application followed by bio-pesticide and botanical sequentially would be promising components for integrated pest management strategies against aphid and pod borer attacking yard long bean.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 531-538, September 2017

scholarly journals Efficacy of Phytoseiulus persimilis and Amblyseius swirskii for integrated pest management for greenhouse cucumbers under Mediterranean environmental conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
André Abou-Haidar ◽  
Patil Tawidian ◽  
Hana Sobh ◽  
Margaret Skinner ◽  
Bruce Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Greenhouse Cucumber ◽  
Population Suppression

Abstract The greenhouse cucumber pests, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), are major threats to the production of greenhouse cucumbers (Cucurbitaceae) in Lebanon. The development of insecticide resistance by these pests has prompted the use of alternative and sustainable pest management strategies. In this study, we used integrated pest management strategies, including the release of the biological control agents, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) and Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae), to control whitefly, thrips, and two-spotted spider mite populations on greenhouse cucumber plants in two commercial production sites (sites A and B). We also compared the efficacy of pest population suppression using the integrated pest management strategy with that of chemical pest control. Our results show that biological control effectively maintains the cucumber pest populations below the economic threshold when coupled with additional integrated pest management measures. In addition, we show that biological control agents were equally or more effective in pest population suppression compared to eight and 12 insecticidal and acaricidal sprays performed in the control greenhouses at sites A and B, respectively. Altogether, our results show the efficacy of adopting integrated pest management and biological control for pest population suppression in greenhouse cucumber production under Mediterranean environmental conditions.

Playing-Related Health Problems Among Instrumental Music Students at a University in Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Lonsdale ◽  
Ong Kuan Boon
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Music Students ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wide Range

Musicians from a wide range of backgrounds experience playing-related health problems including musculoskeletal disorders, hearing loss, and performance anxiety. Few studies have focused specifically on the health concerns of musicians in Malaysia. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate playing-related health problems among student musicians at a university in Malaysia as well as their knowledge and awareness of playing-related health problems. METHODS: Instrumental music students enrolled in undergraduate and post-graduate university music courses (n=98) participated in a self-report online survey which addressed aspects such as educational background, playing experience, knowledge and awareness of musicians’ health issues, history of physical problems, lifestyle factors, and prevention and management strategies. RESULTS: Of the total participants, 28.9% reported that they were currently experiencing playing-related pain in a body part, and 46.4% had experienced playing-related pain at some time. More than half (56.7%) felt that they have not received enough information or advice on playing-related health during their current studies. Musicians who experienced playing-related pain, tension, and discomfort reported the main problem sites to be the fingers and hands, arms, neck, and shoulders. CONCLUSIONS: The study results demonstrate that Malaysian university music students are affected by similar types of playing-related physical problems as their counterparts around the world. A greater awareness and knowledge of injury prevention and management strategies is needed so that these music students can sustain healthy playing careers.

scholarly journals Non-Entomopathogenic Roles of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Promoting Plant Health and Growth

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra K. Dara
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Pest Suppression

Multiple genera of hypocrealean fungi infect and kill a wide variety of arthropod pests. Several formulations based on these soilborne fungi are commercially available as biopesticides for controlling urban, garden, greenhouse, and agricultural pests. These fungi are an important part of integrated pest management strategies to maintain pest control efficacy, reduce the risk of chemical insecticide resistance, and offer environmentally sustainable pest suppression. While the entomopathogenic or pest management role of these fungi is well documented, several studies in the past decade or two have provided insights into their relationship with plants, soil, and plant pathogens, and their additional roles in promoting plant growth and health. This review highlights these endophytic, mycorrhiza-like, and disease-antagonizing roles of entomopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Integrated Pest Management and Biological Control in High Tunnel Production

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pickett Pottorff ◽  
Karen L. Panter
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Tunnels ◽  
Minor Crops

Crops grown in high tunnels are just as susceptible to pests and diseases as those grown under greenhouse and field conditions. Crops that lend themselves economically to this type of production system are edible and/or minor crops. Therefore, labeled pesticides for these crops are limited and sometimes nonexistent. However, there is a wide range of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies available to high tunnel producers. These strategies include biological control, which is often left out of traditional IPM programs when labeled pesticides are available. High tunnel production is very conducive to the inclusion of biological controls and allows for a truly IPM system. This article provides a selective overview of common arthropod pests and diseases encountered in high tunnels, as well as strategies that have potential for becoming best management practices in high tunnels with additional research.

scholarly journals Insights on solanaceous resistance against tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta), with emphasis on chemical compounds useful in integrated pest management

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 12543
Author(s):  
Roxana CICEOI ◽  
Mihaela IORDĂCHESCU ◽  
Anca A. UDRIȘTE ◽  
Liliana A. BĂDULESCU
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Tomato Leafminer ◽  
Wide Range

For integrated pest management (IPM) and organic farming, breeding resistant varieties is one of the most eco-friendly approaches, that goes along botanicals and other different cultural practices, as the use of companion plants. Among the many pest species that invaded the whole world in the last decades, one of the most frightening is the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a devastating pest of cultivated tomato worldwide. Tomato is one of the most important agricultural commodities, including the main mean of subsistence in many countries from Africa and middle East. As chemical pesticides failed to control de pest spread and led to many reports of resistant populations, alternative methods for tomato leafminer management must be quickly developed. Many of such alternatives count on a wide range of chemical compounds. The chemical compounds most often responsible for “constitutive resistance”, synthetized by tomato are methyl-ketones (2-tridecanone), sesquiterpenes (zingiberene), and acyl sugars (acylglucose and acylsucrose) while the chemical compounds produced by other plants, used as isolated substances or mixtures, which have antifeedant, growth inhibiting, repellent, and insecticide effects, are azadirachtin, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, citronellal, eugenol, linalool, nicotine, pyrethrin, rotenone, thujone, thymol, α-terpineol, 1.8-cineol, etc. Many of them are already commercially available but their efficacy and use differ widely. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the resistance mechanism of solanaceous species related to chemical compounds and substances important for IPM plans developed against T. absoluta is required by the breeding programs.

Nonpreference for Oviposition of Sugarcane Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Sugarcane Seedlings Is Influenced by Ripening Group and Plant Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-698
Author(s):  
Vinícius Soares Sturza ◽  
Uemerson Silva da Cunha ◽  
Daniel Bernardi ◽  
Mayara Guelamann da Cunha Espinelli Greco ◽  
Dori Edson Nava
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Sugarcane Borer ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Egg Distribution ◽  
Early Ripening

Abstract The sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is considered the main sugarcane pest in many countries. The use of plant genotypes less preferred by insects are among the alternative methods to control this species which can be used alone or associated with other control methods such as biological control in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. We assessed if the nonpreference for oviposition of D. saccharalis in sugarcane genotypes established by seedlings is different according to ripening group and plant age. For that purpose, four experiments were performed: 1) seedlings of early-ripening genotypes, 2) seedlings of late-ripening genotypes, 3) and mix of early- and late-ripening genotypes, seedlings, and 4) plants. There were least preferred genotypes for oviposition by D. saccharalis among seedlings of early-ripening (RB965902 and RB966928) and late-ripening (RB987935) genotypes. It was also observed when the groups were mixed as seedlings (RB965902) or plants (RB925345). The nonpreference for egg deposition in different ripening groups and plant age might be useful to integrate with other strategies for the management of D. saccharalis. Moreover, results of egg distribution might indicate the likely position of resistance factors on leaves, whether morphological or chemical.

scholarly journals Comparison of Virginia and Runner Market-Type Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Grown in the Virginia-Carolina Production Region

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Jordan ◽  
C. W. Swann ◽  
J. F. Spears ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
J. E. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agronomic Potential

Abstract Research was conducted in North Carolina and Virginia from 1997 through 1999 to compare runner and virginia market-type peanuts as influenced by cultivar selection, fertility practices, and pest management strategies. The runner market-type cultivar Georgia Green yielded and provided gross market value equivalent to the virginia market-type cultivar NC-V11 under a wide range of edaphic and environmental conditions. Calcium (as gypsum) applied at initial pegging increased the percentage of extra large kernels, the percentage of total sound mature kernels, and market value (c/kg) of the virginia market-type cultivar Gregory. The runner market-type cultivars Georgia Green and GK-7 were less responsive to calcium. Response of both market types was dependant upon environmental conditions. Pest management strategy affected pod yield, gross value, and economic return of peanut similarly for both virginia and runner market types. Results from these studies suggest that runner market-type peanut can provide pod yield, gross value, and economic returns similar to commonly grown virginia market-type peanut when grown in the Virginia-Carolina region. However, the peanut industry in the Virginia-Carolina region is designed for virginia market-type peanut used for the in-shell market, and popularity of growing runner market-type peanut in this region will most likely depend upon market pressures rather than agronomic potential.

scholarly journals Microorganisms as bioinsecticides; short review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-279
Author(s):  
U. Isah ◽  
M.A. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Develop Environment

Hundred thousand tons of chemical insecticides are used annually in Nigeria to combat insect disease vectors especially agricultural pests, but this sort of vector control method is gradually being substituted due to their  environmental effects on non-target beneficial insects especially vertebrates through contamination of food and water. To counteract this contamination, attention, efforts and researches were directed to the use of biological control agents including insect pathogens. As a result, the use of bio insecticide, as a component of integrated pest management (IPM), has been gaining acceptance over the world. Microbial pathogens comprise of organisms which cause disease, these organisms are disseminated in the pest population in large quantity in a manner similar to application of chemical pesticides.  Insects like other organisms are susceptible to a variety of diseases caused by different groups of microorganisms including virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and nematodes. Microbial pathogens of insects are intensively investigated to develop environment friendly pest management strategies in agriculture. Microbial insecticides represent today the best alternative to chemical insecticides in controlling insect pests, they are safe for non-target species and human health are believed to show low persistence in the environment. This short review indicates that microbial insecticides are the safe alternative way possessing all the requirements to replace chemical insecticides hence, they can be utilized in pest management and control. Keywords: Bio-insecticides, Microorganisms, biological control, pest, chemical insecticides

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