scholarly journals Basic Studies Aiming at Orius minutus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) Mass-Rearing

Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Hye-Jeong Jun ◽  
Kyoung-Su Kim ◽  
Eun-Hye Ham
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Ephestia Cautella ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oviposition Substrate ◽  
Artificial Oviposition Substrate

This study presented biological and economic data for the mass-rearing of Orius minutus in Korea. Simplifying the mass-rearing process through an alternative diet and an artificial oviposition substrate is a prerequisite for enhancing the usability of this insect as a biological control agent. We compare the hatch rate of O. minutus eggs deposited on a plant substrate with that of eggs deposited on two artificial substrates, cork sheets and rubber. The results indicate that cork sheet is the most cost-effective artificial oviposition substrate for the mass-rearing of O. minutus. We also examine five feeding treatments that included two types of brine shrimp eggs and eggs of Ephestia cautella to compare the number of eggs laid in the fifth generation. We found no significant difference between the two treatment groups; 61.3 eggs were laid in the treatment group fed iron-coated brine shrimp and moth eggs, and 67.4 eggs were laid in the control group. The plant-free model developed in our study can reduce rearing costs by 70.5% compared to the conventional mass-rearing model.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF VARIOUS DIETS FOR MASS REARING OF LADYBIRD BEETLE (Coccinella septempunctata) AT PAKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muneer Abbas ◽  
Faisal Hafeez ◽  
Muhammad Latif ◽  
Niaz Hussain ◽  
Khalid Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Protein Hydrolyzate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Casein Protein

A polyphagous predator, Coccinella septempunctata L. is a key to develop as biological control agent of aphids on edible crops and vegetables. Larvae, pupae and adults of C. septempunctata were fed on natural and artificial diets to determine fecundity, longevity and sex ratio on various ingredients to develop a successful mass rearing technique. Six different diets were used viz. D-1 (Natural Diet), D-2 (Protein Hydrolyzate 2 g + casein protein 2.5 g + honey 4 g + dry aphid 2 g + water 100 mL), D-3 (yeast 2 g + agar 1.8 g + honey 6 g + water 100 mL), D-4 (protein hydrolyzate 1 g + honey 4 g + dry aphid 2 g + water 100 mL), D-5 (casein protein 1.5 g + honey 4 g + dry aphid 2 g + water 100 mL), D-6 (honey 10 g + water 100 mL). Results showed that natural diet D-1 produced maximum number of eggs 243.5 while among the artificial diets D-2 and D-4 produced a maximum of 23.76 and 17.89 eggs, respectively. Effect of different diets was tested on longevity of different life stages. Minimum longevity of egg, larval, pupal and adult stages were recorded as D-1 (3.64 days) and D-4 (4.65 days), D-1 (7.32 days) and D-2 (10.87 days), D-1 (8.27 days) and D-2 (11.28 days), D-1 (11.38 days) and D-2 (17.25 days), respectively. Maximum percent emergence of larval, pupal and adult stages was recorded in D-1 (89.45 days) and D-2 (72.14 days), D-1 (91.32 days) and D-2 (83.58 days), D-1 (79.27 days) and D-4 (65.87 days), respectively. D-6 gave maximum adult duration of 81.87 days while there was no significant difference of sex ratio among various diets components

Comparison of two different box styles for mass rearing of Sasajiscymnus tsugae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a biological control agent of hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huge E. Conway ◽  
Karen B. Burton ◽  
Carolyn A. Hendrix ◽  
LayLa W. Burgess ◽  
Joseph D. Culin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sasajiscymnus Tsugae ◽  
Time Required

AbstractThe hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand, is the number one threat to hemlock (genus Tsuga Carr.; Pinaceae) forests in eastern North America. Sasajiscymnus tsugae (Sasaji et McClure), an introduced coccinellid from Japan, is a promising biological control agent for HWA. In mass rearing of S. tsugae, the main goals are to maximize adult beetle production, reduce the amount of human labor, and minimize production costs. Significantly higher adult S. tsugae production and survivorship from egg to adult were observed in a modified rearing box compared with a conventional rearing box. The 30 modified boxes produced 4400 more beetles than the 30 conventional boxes. Over time, egg to adult survivorship decreased because of larval cannibalism at densities above 1650 larvae per rearing box. Additionally, warmer weather conditions increased the number of insect and spider predators incidentally introduced via HWA-infested hemlock twigs. There was no significant difference in the time required to prepare modified and conventional boxes for initial introduction of eggs, but significantly less time was required to add water, honey, and HWA-infested twigs to the modified boxes. The additional cost and time required to add modifications to each box was compensated for by the increased number of adult S. tsugae produced and the time saved during the 35 days of scheduled maintenance as eggs hatched and larvae developed to adults.

Development and Fecundity of Orius minutus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and O. laevigatus Reared on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1735-1740
Author(s):  
Md Arefur Rahman ◽  
Souvic Sarker ◽  
Eunhye Ham ◽  
Jun-Seok Lee ◽  
Un Taek Lim
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Polyphagous Predator ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Abstract The polyphagous predator Orius species is a dominant predator of thrips, mites, and aphids. Orius laevigatus (Fieber) is a well-known commercialized and effective biological control agent, whereas Orius minutus (L.) distributed widely over the world has not been commercialized. To assess potentials of developing O. minutus as a commercial biological control agent, we compared the biological parameters of O. minutus with O. laevigatus when reared on mixed stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch at 27.5°C. Nymphal development of O. laevigatus was shorter (11.30 d) than that of O. minutus (12.25 d), but there was no significant difference in survivorship between the two species. Also, no significant difference was found in either the preoviposition or oviposition periods, lifetime fecundity, or longevity between the two species. However, O. minutus eggs had a higher hatch rate (0.77) than O. laevigatus (0.71). In life table analysis, no difference was found in any parameters, i.e., R0, rm, λ, T, and DT, between O. laevigatus and O. minutus in two-tailed t-tests. In a predation bioassay, O. minutus consumed 1.39 times more adult T. urticae in 24 h than did O. laevigatus, although the predation rate on T. urticae eggs was similar between the two species. These results suggest that O. minutus native to Korea could be developed as a biological control agent against T. urticae.

scholarly journals Ectoparasite Habrobracon Hebetor Say Is an Efficient Biological Control Agent of Lepidopteran Pests

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Irina Agasyeva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Moth Bean ◽  
Habrobracon Hebetor ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Pod Borer

Ectoparasite Habrobracon hebetor Say is one of the most widely used biological controllers in biological plant protection against a number of harmful lepidopterans, including especially dangerous pests of corn, soy, fruit and vegetable crops. As a result of research conducted in 2017, food specialization and parasitic activity of three different populations of H.hebetor were studied. Two races have been identified for mass rearing and application: pyralid and leaf roller (against corn moth, bean pod borer, apple and plum moths), and pyralid owl-moth (against cotton moth, corn borer, bean pod borer and boxwood moth). As a result of studies of biological features and trophic needs, it has been determined that caterpillars of mill moth (Ephestia cuhniellia Zella) should be used as a host insect for laboratory cultivation of the stock population of the Habrobracon pyralid and leaf roller race (race No. 1). For the introduced from South Kazakhstan the H.hebetor pyralid and noctuid race the most productive rearing is on the caterpillars of large bee moth (Galleria mellonela L.). Optimal temperature for rearing of both races is 26-28 ° C, relative air humidity is 70% and photoperiod is not less than 16 hours. It has been noticed that before laying eggs on the host’s caterpillars, the Habrobracon female preliminarily paralyzes the victim, piercing the sheath with ovipositor. As a result, the caterpillar stops eating and is immobilized. In 3-4 days larvae hatch out of the laid on the caterpillar eggs. The larvae feed on the contents of the caterpillars for 4-5 days, then pupate and after 6-8 days an adult insect leaves the cocoon. The development of one generation lasts 13-16 days, one cocoon includes one parasite. 1,000 large bee moth caterpillars used for infection provide on average 5.8-6.0 thousand cocoons, of which an average of 4.5-4.7 thousand parasites fly out.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Newman) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), to entomopathogenic Hypocreales fungi

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Giroux ◽  
Robert Lavallée ◽  
Éric Bauce ◽  
Claude Guertin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Interspecific Variations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lecanicillium Longisporum ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

The susceptibility of adults and larvae of the Japanese beetle to isolates of the fungi Beauveria bassiana, B. brongniartii, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium longisporum and L. muscarium (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. The presence of intra- and interspecific variations regarding the pathogenicity of the isolates was investigated. Results show that most of the fungal isolates caused mortality in adults and larvae. Isolates M. anisopliae INRS 705 and B. bassiana INRS 236 induced 70.3% and 65.2% of mortality in P. japonica adults, respectively, and both caused the death of about 37% of larvae. Of the 17 tested isolates, 13 caused larval mortality. However, no significant difference was found between the susceptibility of larvae to isolates from different species and those from a same species. Lecanicillium species are undoubtedly not pathogenic to adults and seem to have few effects on larvae. Based on the results obtained with the selected isolates, intra- and interspecific differences relative to the pathogenicity of the isolates appeared to be present. Overall, this study expanded the knowledge about P. japonica susceptibility towards entomopathogenic Hypocreales fungi. The implications of this study regarding the development of a biological control agent are discussed.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Rose Powdery Mildew with the Antagonist Yeast Tilletiopsis pallescens

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken K. Ng ◽  
Leslie MacDonald ◽  
Zamir K. Punja
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Sphaerotheca Pannosa

The efficacy of Tilletiopsis pallescens Gokhale, a naturally occurring ballistosporeforming yeast isolated from mildew-infected leaves, was evaluated as a biological control agent against rose powdery mildew [Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr.:Fr.) Lév. var. rosae Woronichin]. Two trials were conducted on potted rose (Rosa sp.) plants (1-year-old cv. Cardinal Pink) under commercial greenhouse-growing conditions during the summer (June to September) when mildew was most severe. Mildew-infected plants were subjected to one of four treatments: a T. pallescens spore suspension applied three times (3–4 d apart), distilled water (applied three times), one application of T. pallescens spore suspension, or one application of culture filtrate without spores. Two weeks after treatment began, mildew development was evaluated by enumerating conidial density on sampled leaflets. Sporulation was significantly reduced (by 97%–98%) on plants treated with three applications of T. pallescens spore suspension, compared to a 47%–57% reduction on plants treated with three applications of distilled water. There was no significant difference in conidial density between plants treated with one application of T. pallescens spore suspension and plants treated with one application of its culture filtrate, with a 78%–94% reduction in conidia, which was significantly higher than for the water treatment. The mode(s) of action of T. pallescens appears to be eradicant and associated with enzymes or metabolites produced in the culture filtrate. The results from this study demonstrate the potential for biological control of rose powdery mildew under commercial growing conditions in British Columbia.

scholarly journals Characterization and Pathogenicity Test of Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema Species-Kalro

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
C. N. Ngugi ◽  
P. M. Wachira ◽  
J. N. Mbaka ◽  
S. Okoth ◽  
S. Haukeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Sequence Length ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Pest

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are worldwide soil-dwelling insect parasitic nematodes. They are potential pest bio-control agents a key component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the pathogenicity of an EPN isolate from Kenya. The nematode was isolated from soils using insect bait technique and both morphological and molecular identification was performed. Efficacy of the isolate was evaluated against Tomato leafminer larvae (Tuta absoluta Meyrick.) using dose-based treatments of 0-control, 100, 150, 200, and 250 infective juveniles (IJs/ml). Morphological analysis revealed body length (L) of 835(659-987) µm and 1781 (1297-2097) µm from fresh IJs and males respectively. Males lacked a mucron. The isolate was characterized by the partial sequence length of 877 bp of the ITS region. Blastn results indicated the EPN isolate had a similarity match of 81-92% with Afro-tropical Steinernema species. It matched with Steinernema sp. (AY230186.1) from Kenya at 92% and Sri Lanka (AY230184.1). Phylogenetic analysis placed the isolate together with Steinernema sp. (AY230186.1) and (AY230184.1) with a bootstrap value of 100%. Maximum mean larval mortality (80%; 96%) was achieved 24 and 48 h post-treatment at concentration 150 IJs/ml. All nematode concentrations achieved over 50% mean mortality after 24 h period. There was a significant difference (P = 0.001) between doses 150 and 200 IJs/ml. From the study, it was concluded that the nematode isolate was Steinernema sp now referred to as Steinernema sp. Kalro (Genebank Accession MW151701). The EPN has the potential for development as a biological control agent against T. absoluta.

scholarly journals Seasonal Assessment of Supercooling Points for Two Introduced and One Native Laricobius spp. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), Predators of Adelgidae

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Ashley Toland ◽  
Holly Wantuch ◽  
Donald Mullins ◽  
Thomas Kuhar ◽  
Scott Salom
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Laricobius Nigrinus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cold Extremes

The hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand, is an invasive insect that threatens hemlock species in eastern North America. Several species from the genus Laricobius are predators of A. tsugae in its native areas of Asia and the western United States. Two Laricobius species have been released as biological control agents: Laricobius nigrinus Fender, and Laricobius osakensis Montgomery and Shiyake. Laricobius rubidus LeConte is an adelgid predator native to the Eastern United States, where it can feed and complete development on A. tsugae opportunistically. Laboratory assays were conducted to assess the cold hardiness of these three Laricobius species, including two distinct populations of L. osakensis, by measuring the supercooling points of each species from November 2016 through March 2017. This information may be useful for choosing the best-suited biological control agent for a particular region to control A. tsugae. There was a significant difference between the overall mean supercooling point of L. rubidus compared to the other Laricobius spp. There were also significant differences of supercooling points between L. rubidus and both strains of L. osakensis in January, and significant differences between L. rubidus and all other strains in February. L. rubidus appear better adapted to cold extremes in the eastern U.S. than imported Laricobius spp.

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