scholarly journals RadioWave Attenuation Measurement System Based on RSSI for Precision Agriculture: Application to Tomato Greenhouses

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Dora Cama-Pinto ◽  
Juan Antonio Holgado-Terriza ◽  
Miguel Damas-Hermoso ◽  
Francisco Gómez-Mula ◽  
Alejandro Cama-Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Free Band ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Precision agriculture and smart farming are concepts that are acquiring an important boom due to their relationship with the Internet of things (IoT), especially in the search for new mechanisms and procedures that allow for sustainable and efficient agriculture to meet future demand from an increasing population. Both concepts require the deployment of sensor networks that monitor agricultural variables for the integration of spatial and temporal agricultural data. This paper presents a system that has been developed to measure the attenuation of radio waves in the 2.4 GHz free band (ISM- Industrial, Scientific and Medical) when propagating inside a tomato greenhouse based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI), and a procedure for using the system to measure RSSI at different distances and heights. The system is based on Zolertia Re-Mote nodes with the Contiki operating system and a Raspberry Pi to record the data obtained. The receiver node records the RSSI at different locations in the greenhouse with the transmitter node and at different heights. In addition, a study of the radio wave attenuation was measured in a tomato greenhouse, and we publish the corresponding obtained dataset in order to share with the research community.

IoT-Based Precision Agriculture System

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sarita Tripathy ◽  
Shaswati Patra
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Farm Vehicles ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The huge number of items associated with web is known as the internet of things. It is associated with worldwide data consisting of various components and different types of gadgets, sensors, and software, and a large variety of other instruments. A large number of applications that are required in the field of agriculture should implement methods that should be realistic and reliable. Precision agriculture practices in farming are more efficient than traditional farming techniques. Precision farming simultaneously analyzes data along with generating it by the use of sensors. The application areas include tracking of farm vehicles, monitoring of the livestock, observation of field, and monitoring of storage. This type of system is already being accepted and adopted in many countries. The modern method of smart farming has started utilizing the IoT for better and faster yield of crops. This chapter gives a review of the various IoT techniques used in smart farming.

scholarly journals Integrated Smart Farming Based on Internet of Things (Iot) System for Figs Cultivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1429-1436
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Technology Deployment ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Value Changes

Fig plants are gaining popularity among farmers across Malaysia, mainly influenced by the high demands for fresh fig fruits and a fairly higher market price for the fruit. Current practices in farm fields are still based on observation and scheduling approach without any quantitative approaches which provide a precise way of determining the crucial elements such as irrigation and fertilization needs. This paper explains the design and development of smart farming system with sensing technology deployment for precision agriculture and the Internet of Things (IoT) approach to get farmers connected to their farm. Raspberry Pi 3 Model B acts as a brain of the entire system, delivering its functionality in performing monitoring and controlling tasks. Database is implemented by using ThingSpeak IoT cloud platform while for mobile application, this project is using Swift 4 programming language within Xcode IDE in implementing the iOS user interface features. The evaluation and validation result shows the microcontrollers and all embedded sensors associated to them are successfully executing their tasks in performing the surrounding humidity, irrigation and fertilization control duties. The developed system also capable in tracing the surrounding temperature and humidity, soil humidity and pH, and fertilizer EC value changes. Assistance in mobile device application implementation and ThingSpeak cloud database deployment in this project also get the farmers connected to their farm. Although this project has been completed successfully, however there are several areas which can be further improved in order to make the entire system more efficient and useful to the user.

scholarly journals Empirical Model of Radio Wave Propagation in the Presence of Vegetation inside Greenhouses Using Regularized Regressions

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6621
Author(s):  
Dora Cama-Pinto ◽  
Miguel Damas ◽  
Juan Antonio Holgado-Terriza ◽  
Francisco Manuel Arrabal-Campos ◽  
Francisco Gómez-Mula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Radio Wave ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Multipath Propagation ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Radio Wave Propagation ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Vegetation Height

Spain is Europe’s leading exporter of tomatoes harvested in greenhouses. The production of tomatoes should be kept and increased, supported by precision agriculture to meet food and commercial demand. The wireless sensor network (WSN) has demonstrated to be a tool to provide farmers with useful information on the state of their plantations due to its practical deployment. However, in order to measure its deployment within a crop, it is necessary to know the communication coverage of the nodes that make up the network. The multipath propagation of radio waves between the transceivers of the WSN nodes inside a greenhouse is degraded and attenuated by the intricate complex of stems, branches, leaf twigs, and fruits, all randomly oriented, that block the line of sight, consequently generating a signal power loss as the distance increases. Although the COST235 (European Cooperation in Science and Technology - COST), ITU-R (International Telecommunications Union—Radiocommunication Sector), FITU-R (Fitted ITU-R), and Weisbberger models provide an explanation of the radio wave propagation in the presence of vegetation in the 2.4 GHz ICM band, some significant discrepancies were found when they are applied to field tests with tomato greenhouses. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for determining an empirical model of radio wave attenuation for vegetation in the 2.4 GHz band, which includes the vegetation height as a parameter in addition to the distance between transceivers of WNS nodes. The empirical attenuation model was obtained applying regularized regressions with a multiparametric equation using experimental signal RSSI measurements achieved by our own RSSI measurement system for our field tests in four plantations. The evaluation parameters gave 0.948 for R2, 0.946 for R2 Adj considering 5th grade polynomial (20 parameters), and 0.942 for R2, and 0.940 for R2 Adj when a reduction of parameters was applied using the cross validation (15 parameters). These results verify the rationality and reliability of the empirical model. Finally, the model was validated considering experimental data from other plantations, reaching similar results to our proposed model.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost Platform for Environmental Smart Farming Monitoring System Based on IoT and UAVs

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5908
Author(s):  
Faris A. Almalki ◽  
Ben Othman Soufiene ◽  
Saeed H. Alsamhi ◽  
Hedi Sakli
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Real Scenario ◽  
The Internet Of Things

When integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) occurred, tens of applications including smart agriculture have emerged to offer innovative solutions to modernize the farming sector. This paper aims to present a low-cost platform for comprehensive environmental parameter monitoring using flying IoT. This platform is deployed and tested in a real scenario on a farm in Medenine, Tunisia, in the period of March 2020 to March 2021. The experimental work fulfills the requirements of automated and real-time monitoring of the environmental parameters using both under- and aboveground sensors. These IoT sensors are on a farm collecting vast amounts of environmental data, where it is sent to ground gateways every 1 h, after which the obtained data is collected and transmitted by a drone to the cloud for storage and analysis every 12 h. This low-cost platform can help farmers, governmental, or manufacturers to predict environmental data over the geographically large farm field, which leads to enhancement in crop productivity and farm management in a cost-effective, and timely manner. Obtained experimental results infer that automated and human-made sets of actions can be applied and/or suggested, due to the innovative integration between IoT sensors with the drone. These smart actions help in precision agriculture, which, in turn, intensely boost crop productivity, saving natural resources.

scholarly journals An effective algorithm to overcome the practical hindrance for Wi-Fi based indoor positioning system

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Bhulakshmi Bonthu ◽  
M Subaji
Keyword(s):  
Signal Strength ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Direct Path ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Access Points ◽  
Measuring Techniques ◽  
Indoor Positioning System

AbstractIndoor tracking has evolved with various methods. The most popular method is using signal strength measuring techniques like triangulation, trilateration and fingerprinting, etc. Generally, these methods use the internal sensors of the smartphone. All these techniques require an adequate number of access point signals. The estimated positioning accuracy depends on the number of signals received at any point and precision of its signal (Wi-Fi radio waves) strength. In a practical environment, the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the access point is hindered by obstacles or blocks in the direct path or Line of sight. Such access points become an anomaly in the calculation of position. By detecting the anomaly access points and neglecting it during the computation of an indoor position will improve the accuracy of the positioning system. The proposed method, Practical Hindrance Avoidance in an Indoor Positioning System (PHA-IPS), eliminate the anomaly nodes while estimating the position, so then enhances the accuracy.

scholarly journals Range-Based Localization of a Wireless Sensor Network for Internet of Things Using Received Signal Strength Indicator and the Most Valuable Player Algorithm

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Alanezi ◽  
Houssem R.E.H. Bouchekara ◽  
Mohammed. S. Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The localization of the nodes in wireless sensor networks is essential in establishing effective communication among different devices connected, within the Internet of Things. This paper proposes a novel method to accurately determine the position and distance of the wireless sensors linked in a local network. The method utilizes the signal strength received at the target node to identify its location in the localized grid system. The Most Valuable Player Algorithm is used to solve the localization problem. Initially, the algorithm is implemented on four test cases with a varying number of sensor nodes to display its robustness under different network occupancies. Afterward, the study is extended to incorporate actual readings from both indoor and outdoor environments. The results display higher accuracy in the localization of unknown sensor nodes than previously reported.

scholarly journals Development of Raspberry-Pi Based IoT Agricultural System using Fuzzy Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fuzzy Techniques ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In India, agriculture plays an important role in national development. Agricultural problems have always hindered the country's development. The only solution to this is smart farming by modernizing traditional farming methods today. The Internet of Things (IOT) allows a variety of applications such as monitoring and selecting crop development, supporting irrigation decisions, etc. The result of this work is the monitoring of soil moisture, temperature, humidity, pH, reproduction and water level . Field Using a sensor network that collects data from different types of sensors and then sends it to the main server using Raspberry pi, it uses vague logic in real time to make decisions based on the decisions made by the system.

scholarly journals On the analysis of received signal strength indicator from ESP8266

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 933-940
Author(s):  
Rafhanah Shazwani Rosli ◽  
Mohamed Hadi Habaebi ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Received Signal Strength ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Transceiver Module ◽  
Unique Parameter ◽  
Technological World ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Recently, the concept o Internet of Things has gained a tremendous momentum in the technological world. Internet of Things efficienty connects devices hence improving their quality of life from various aspects. One of the most heavily used device for Internet of Things application is ESP8266 WiFi serial transceiver module. It features access to the Received Signal Strength Indicator readings from the module. In this paper, a characteristic analysis of the Received Signal Strength Indicator readings collected using ESP8266 WiFi serial transceiver module is carried out. The aim is to explore the future possibilities of Received Signal Strength Indicator value as a stand-alone and unique parameter to be used in various applications especially in the domain of Internet of Things. In addition, the potential of the cheap yet sophisticated ESP8266 WiFi serial transceiver module is also highlighted. The findings have shown an insight into the characteristics of Received Signal Strength Indicator readings and how it can be utilized for other different purposes. The findings have brought up a few stimulating issues that may arise from some implementation of Received Signal Strength Indicator readings such as the significant effect of obstruction in the Line of Sight. However, its solution will thrust the Internet of Things’ technological advancementsahead.

scholarly journals PH MONITORING FOR LIQUID FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT IN BLACK PEPPER FARMING

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Kedung Fletcher ◽  
Anding Nyuak ◽  
Phei Yee Tan
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Ph Monitoring ◽  
Ph Sensor ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Database Management System ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Relational Database Management ◽  
The Internet Of Things

There is lacking technology application in black pepper farming to automate daily routine activities in monitoring black pepper vines growth and nutrient need. With the revolution of Industry 4.0 (IR4.0), and tremendous improvement in the internet of things (IoT), the application of precision agriculture to pepper farming is a thing to consider for its benefit. This paper to explore the use of IoT to monitor fertilizer requirement for pepper vines using pH sensor. The pH sensor attached to Raspberry Pi 3 will be collecting the data and forwarding it to the cloud database for farmer reference and take decision based on data presented in form of a digital report from the database. The Python environment provides the space for coding in Raspberry Pi. SQL and PHP software is used to design the user interface and data management in the relational database management system. The information about pH provides a better understanding of how pH parameter affects the growth of pepper vines. The farmer will be able to access the information anywhere and anytime. Therefore, our proposed system will greatly help the pepper farmers in Sarawak in managing the usage of fertilizer as a way to minimize farm inputs, thus increase their profit.

Monitoring and Detecting Plant Diseases Using Cloud-Based Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
pp. 217-235
Author(s):  
Taranjeet Singh ◽  
Devendra Singh ◽  
S. S. Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Agricultural Efficiency ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
The Internet Of Things

A device composed of actuators is the internet of things. The internet of things (IoT) should be used for enhancing agricultural efficiency in precision agriculture. The bedrock of the Indian economy, agriculture, is adding to the country's total economic performance. Nevertheless, the efficiency contrasts with world norms. Regardless of the usage of minimum agricultural advancements and farmers from villages today for other productive enterprises, regions move to a metropolitan region, and they cannot rely on agriculture. Farming creativity is not new, but smart farming is expected to be pushed to the following internet level by IoT, a unit made up of actuators or sensors. This chapter demonstrates IoT's role in agriculture and its use in identifying plant diseases through leaf images. Several researchers' works in the domain are also outlined, and future perspectives of IoT in recognizing plant diseases are discussed briefly.

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