scholarly journals Carbon Emissions and Renewables’ Share in the Future Iberian Power System

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Gonçalo Marques Pereira ◽  
Rui Castro ◽  
Paulo Santos

The main objective of this study is to assess if the targets set by the European Commission (EC) relating to the share of renewables and CO2 emissions by 2030 will be accomplished by the Iberian power system. In this regard, several projections for each generation technology’s installed capacity in the future power system are identified. These forecasts were issued by governmental and private Iberian organizations and by the European Association of Transmission System Operators (ENTSOE), the latter with three scenarios regarding the speed of the energy transition. The outputs of the study are extended to the 2040 horizon and include the energy generated by each technology, the CO2 emissions, the costs involved in the decarbonization, and the storage capacity needed to compensate for the renewables’ variability. The conclusion is that the Iberia peninsular is on the right path to achieve a fully decarbonized power system by 2040, outperforming by far the EC’s targets in 2030 if the governmental projections are followed. A significant capacity of storage options is envisaged to compensate for the variability of generation from renewables and to replace the power regulation services provided by the fossil fuel plants that will be shut down.

Author(s):  
Ricardo Ramos ◽  
Rui Castro

Abstract The main goal of this work is to study the role of energy storage in the context of the Portuguese power system by the year 2030. Portugal is one of the countries in the world with more installed energy storage capacity, namely pumped hydro storage (PHS). The simulations are performed with energyplan tool and allow us to predict the energy mix in Portugal by the year 2030; to forecast the utilization of the storage capacity, namely projections for the energy produced by PHS; to estimate CO2 emissions and percentage of renewable energy sources (RES) utilization; to assess the necessary storage capacity to avoid renewable curtailment; and to evaluate the future needs of installing further storage capacity, either with more PHS capacity or with the introduction of batteries. PHS revealed that it is important to avoid the curtailment of renewable energy, especially in a scenario of higher RES shares. It is shown that the increase in RES contribution would decrease the overall costs of the system, leading to thinking that further efforts should be made to increase the RES installed capacity and go beyond the official RES predictions for 2030. It is also concluded that the predicted storage capacity for 2030 can accommodate the expected increase in variable renewable generation without any further need for investments in PHS or battery solutions.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armstrong Lee Agbaji

Abstract The most common challenge facing the oil industry in the Age of AI is talent scarcity. As digital transformation continues to redefine what it takes to work in the industry, staying relevant in the industry will require knowledge and understanding of the underlying technologies driving this transformation. It also requires a re-evaluation of how next generation petrotechnical professionals are nurtured, educated, and trained. The human talent that is needed in the Age of AI is different, and simply obtaining a science or engineering degree will no longer suffice to survive and thrive in the industry. While it is vitally important that students continue to take fundamental engineering and science courses and learn industry-specific skills, we must recognize when an existing curriculum or way of teaching and learning has either run its course or has evolved. This paper examines how artificial intelligence will impact the training and development of the industry's future workforce and what organizations must do to retain existing talents while at the same time developing new ones, so they are not rendered irrelevant by AI. It proposes novel ways by which practical digital transformation and energy transition technologies can be integrated into core oil and gas education and training curriculum. It also outlines various innovative ways that academic institutions can join forces with industry to educate and train technical professionals, who, right out of college are sufficiently grounded to analyze, evaluate, and communicate data findings to drive better business decisions. For students and young professionals, it lays out the roadmap to readiness, and how to thrive in a digitally transformed world, as well as several ways to robot-proof their career and stay ahead of the curve. The task of training industry leaders of the future is enormous, sensitive, and demanding. The ability of next generation petrotechnical professionals to succeed in the digital age, and compete in a data-centric world, depends on their ability to develop, adopt, and apply next generation skills. Having the right mix of skills is not only essential to their success, it is critical to the survival of the industry. In the Age of AI, classroom learning needs to be deemphasized and experiential learning needs to be emphasized. The workforce of the future will be dominated by people with analytics skills and capabilities. Preparing next generation professionals for the future of work calls for a re-evaluation, re-design and recasting of the synergy between academia and industry. Universities and industry will need to routinely intersect to create symbiosis and enhance our educational system. Success will depend on sustained partnership and collaboration, not merely shifting the problem to one another.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
Andy Hartree

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a unique collapse in global energy demand and provoked a significant reappraisal of many aspects of our way of life, including working habits and travel behaviours, impacting the outlook for energy demand in the future. Assisted by tangible reductions in pollution levels in urban areas worldwide, there is even a perception growing that post COVID, we will somehow have accelerated on the path of energy transition, and the fossil fuel industry may never recover. This article reviews just where we are on the path to fossil fuel freedom, and tempers the over-optimism by highlighting how small the steps are that we have made to date and the scale of the challenge we face on the long road still ahead. Further, it emphasises that even our greenest aspirations, far from signalling the eradication of fossil fuels, will still rely on our legacy industries for a significant proportion of our energy requirements decades into the future. The biggest challenge is to create a global political environment of consensus and commitment focused on delivering realistic and achievable environmental strategy. Governments need to see a common goal, backed up by co-ordinated lobbies – industry, science, environmentalists and investors – all pulling in one direction. COVID-19 has raised awareness and even given us a glimpse of a greener future, but by giving the impression that we can live without our legacy fossil fuels it poses the threat that we fail to support an industry still vital to the delivery of energy transition.


2020 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 03081
Author(s):  
Roman Bezuglov ◽  
Vladimir Papin ◽  
Evgeniy Dyakonov ◽  
Elena Veselovskaya ◽  
Vladimir Filimonov

The paper has to shed light into understanding the waste useful and it has an aim to review about possibilities how to using different types of waste to generate energy. The paper highlighted the terms, that renewables it isn’t energy of the future but waste is – at least the future for the next hundred years. It’s very important to use waste by the right way, because of some current methods waste using have a low efficiency. There are several ways of using waste with pretreatment. Nowadays pretreatment includes torrefaction, pelletization, torrefaction of pellets (TOP) and wide spread around the world. It is necessary to compare economic indicators when you want to using some scenario. Using of waste can help us to reduce the pollutions and decrease load to an ambient. There are some advantages to using organic waste to generate energy – it can be considered as a fuel. But it also consists some negatives aspects such as low efficiency due to low thermal values (i.e. specific thermal capacity). Hence, waste using not so unequivocally as it seems at first sight. Thus, here is our understanding for this problem.


2018 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 00012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Moneta

This paper deals with the concept of “smart grids”. Starting from drivers behind the evolution of the power system, an overview of elements and technologies is given: smart grids have to intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it — generators, consumers and those that do both — in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies. Examples of solutions from demonstration projects represent the base for discussing methodologies to estimate benefits deriving from smart grid solutions, showing how conflicting goals cannot always be fulfilled simultaneously. Finally, future perspectives are discussed: the main thinking regards the awaited pivot role for customers, in the future scenario with an increased utilization of electricity combined with a high penetration of non-programmable resources.


2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (136) ◽  
pp. 455-468
Author(s):  
Hartwig Berger

The article discusses the future of mobility in the light of energy resources. Fossil fuel will not be available for a long time - not to mention its growing environmental and political conflicts. In analysing the potential of biofuel it is argued that the high demands of modern mobility can hardly be fulfilled in the future. Furthermore, the change into using biofuel will probably lead to increasing conflicts between the fuel market and the food market, as well as to conflicts with regional agricultural networks in the third world. Petrol imperialism might be replaced by bio imperialism. Therefore, mobility on a solar base pursues a double strategy of raising efficiency on the one hand and strongly reducing mobility itself on the other.


2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja R. Gopaldas ◽  
Faisal G. Bakaeen ◽  
Danny Chu ◽  
Joseph S. Coselli ◽  
Denton A. Cooley

The future of cardiothoracic surgery faces a lofty challenge with the advancement of percutaneous technology and minimally invasive approaches. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, once a lucrative operation and the driving force of our specialty, faces challenges with competitive stenting and poor reimbursements, contributing to a drop in applicants to our specialty that is further fueled by the negative information that members of other specialties impart to trainees. In the current era of explosive technological progress, the great diversity of our field should be viewed as a source of excitement, rather than confusion, for the upcoming generation. The ideal future cardiac surgeon must be a "surgeon-innovator," a reincarnation of the pioneering cardiac surgeons of the "golden age" of medicine. Equipped with the right skills, new graduates will land high-quality jobs that will help them to mature and excel. Mentorship is a key component at all stages of cardiothoracic training and career development. We review the main challenges facing our specialty�length of training, long hours, financial hardship, and uncertainty about the future, mentorship, and jobs�and we present individual perspectives from both residents and faculty members.


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