scholarly journals Relationship between Endothelial Function, Antiretroviral Treatment and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in HIV Patients of African Descent in South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Benedicta N. Nkeh-Chungag ◽  
Nandu Goswami ◽  
Godwill A. Engwa ◽  
Constance R. Sewani-Rusike ◽  
Vuyolwethu Mbombela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Africans

Limited information on the effect of antiretroviral treatment (ART) on vascular function in South Africans of African descent living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is available. The relationship between ART, vascular function and cardiovascular risk factors in South Africans of African ancestry with HIV was therefore studied. This cross-sectional study recruited 146 HIV-positive individuals on ART (HIV+ART+), 163 HIV-positive individuals not on ART (HIV+ART−) and 171 individuals without HIV (HIV−) in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) test was performed to assess endothelial function. Anthropometry and blood pressure parameters were measured. Lipid profile, glycaemic indices, serum creatinine as well as CD4 count and viral load were assayed in blood. Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) was determined as a marker of cardiovascular risk. Obesity and albuminuria were positively associated with HIV, and HIV+ART+ participants had significantly higher HDL cholesterol. Dyslipidaemia markers were significantly higher in hypertensive HIV+ART+ participants compared with the controls (HIV+ART− and HIV− participants). FMD was not different between HIV+ART+ participants and the controls. Moreover, HIV+ART+ participants with higher FMD showed lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol comparable to that of HIV− and HIV+ART− participants. A positive relationship between FMD and CD4 count was observed in HIV+ART+ participants. In conclusion, antiretroviral treatment was associated with cardiovascular risk factors, particularly dyslipidaemia, in hypertensive South Africans of African ancestry with HIV. Although, ART was not associated with endothelial dysfunction, flow-mediated dilatation was positively associated with CD4 count in HIV-positive participants on ART.

scholarly journals Diabetes and Hypertension among Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment Since 1998 in Senegal: Prevalence and Associated Factors

ISRN AIDS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assane Diouf ◽  
Amandine Cournil ◽  
Khadidiatou Ba-Fall ◽  
Ndèye Fatou Ngom-Guèye ◽  
Sabrina Eymard-Duvernay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional

Cardiovascular risk factors in people on antiretroviral treatment (ART) are poorly documented in resource-constrained settings. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2009 to assess prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in a sample of 242 HIV-infected patients who had initiated ART between 1998 and 2002 in Dakar, Senegal (ANRS 1215 observational cohort). World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were applied to diagnose diabetes and hypertension. Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with diabetes and hypertension. Patients had a median age of 46 years and had received ART for a median duration of about 9 years. 14.5% had diabetes and 28.1% had hypertension. Long duration of ART (≥119 months), older age, higher body mass index (BMI), and higher levels of total cholesterol were associated with higher risks of diabetes. Older age, higher BMI at ART initiation, and higher levels of triglycerides were associated with higher risk of hypertension. This study shows that diabetes and hypertension were frequent in these Senegalese HIV patients on ART. It confirms the association between duration of ART and diabetes and highlights the need to implement programs for prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in HIV patients from resource-constrained settings.

scholarly journals Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency is Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in U.S. Military Centers

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Thomas ◽  
Seungho Kang ◽  
Charles J. Wyatt ◽  
Forest S. Kim ◽  
A. David Mangelsdorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) protects erythrocytes from oxidative stress and hemolysis; G6PD deficiency is the most prevalent enzymopathy. The United States military routinely performs tests to prevent exposing G6PD-deficient personnel to antimalarial drugs that might cause life-threatening hemolytic reactions. In addition, G6PD is a key determinant of vascular function, and its deficiency can lead to impaired nitric oxide production and greater vascular oxidant stress—precursors to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Using military medical records, we performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study to investigate whether deficient G6PD levels are associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease than are normal levels, and, if so, whether the relationship is independent of accepted cardiovascular risk factors. We analyzed the medical records of 737 individuals who had deficient G6PD levels and 16,601 who had normal levels. Everyone had been screened at U.S. military medical centers from August 2004 through December 2007. We evaluated our dependent variable (composite cardiovascular disease) at the individual level, and performed binary logistic regression of our independent variable (G6PD status) and control variables (modifiable cardiovascular risk factors). The adjusted odds ratio of 1.396 (95% CI, 1.044–1.867; P <0.05) indicated that G6PD-deficient individuals have 39.6% greater odds of developing cardiovascular disease than do those with normal levels. Early intervention may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease in military personnel and civilians who have deficient G6DP levels.

scholarly journals An Overview of Vascular Dysfunction and Determinants: The Case of Children of African Ancestry

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna N. Matjuda ◽  
Godwill Azeh Engwa ◽  
Constance R. Sewani-Rusike ◽  
Benedicta N. Nkeh-Chungag
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Vasoactive Factors ◽  
The Impact

The balance between dilatory and constrictive factors is important as it keeps blood vessels in a homeostatic state. However, altered physiological processes as a result of obesity, hypertension, oxidative stress, and other cardiovascular risk factors may lead to vascular damage, causing an imbalance of vasoactive factors. Over time, the sustained imbalance of these vasoactive factors may lead to vascular dysfunction, which can be assessed by non-invasive methods, such as flow-mediated dilation, pulse wave velocity, flow-mediated slowing, retinal vessel analysis, peripheral vascular reactivity, and carotid intima-media thickness assessment. Although there is increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (obesity and hypertension) in children in sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about how this may affect vascular function. This review focuses on vasoactive factors implicated in vascular (dys)function, highlighting the determinants and consequences of vascular dysfunction. It further describes the non-invasive methods used for vascular (dys)function assessments and, last, describes the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on vascular dysfunction in children of African ancestry.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Relations of Digital Vascular Function to Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 117 (19) ◽  
pp. 2467-2474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi M. Hamburg ◽  
Michelle J. Keyes ◽  
Martin G. Larson ◽  
Ramachandran S. Vasan ◽  
Renate Schnabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Framingham Heart Study ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heart Study

scholarly journals Urban index and lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in China: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 003685042110037
Author(s):  
Zhichong Chen ◽  
Menghui Liu ◽  
Shaozhao Zhang ◽  
Zhenyu Xiong ◽  
Xiangbin Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors

China is at a stage of rapid urbanization over the past decades, and the association of urbanization with cardiovascular disease has been confirmed by previous studies. However, few studies assessed the association of urbanization with cardiovascular risk factors, especially in Chinese population. We conducted a cross-sectional, populational-based study, using data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2009. The logistic regression was used to assess the association of urbanization measured by urban index with cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, physical activity and fruits and vegetables consumption), varied with sex. The current study included 18,887 participants enrolled (mean age 39.8 ± 19.8 years; 52.2% female) who live in China. In regression model, the urban index was significantly associated with the variations of cardiovascular risk factors for male, including diabetes (OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.22–1.48), hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.09–1.22), never smoking (OR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89–0.96), higher fruits and vegetables consumptions (OR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87–0.99), higher body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.10–1.22), and higher physical activity (OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.66–0.73). Compared with the male, the associations of urban index with cardiovascular risk factors for female were similar, but not for BMI (OR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.96–1.05). The present finding emphasizes the changes of cardiovascular risk factors associated with urbanization in China, and indicated that close attention should be paid to the risk of hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and men’s obesity in the process of urbanization.

scholarly journals Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors prior to NHS Health Checks in an urban setting: cross-sectional study

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macide Artac ◽  
Andrew R H Dalton ◽  
Azeem Majeed ◽  
Kit Huckvale ◽  
Josip Car ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Checks ◽  
Nhs Health Checks

scholarly journals S17 Cardiovascular Risk Factors In People With Bronchiectasis: A Cross Sectional Study

Thorax ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. A11-A12 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Navaratnam ◽  
E. Millett ◽  
J. Hurst ◽  
S. Thomas ◽  
L. Smeeth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional
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