scholarly journals Effect of SSRIs on Resting-State Functional Brain Networks in Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4322
Author(s):  
Shu-Hsien Chu ◽  
Keshab K. Parhi ◽  
Melinda Westlund Schreiner ◽  
Christophe Lenglet ◽  
Bryon A. Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Middle Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Major Depressive

Investigation of brain changes in functional connectivity and functional network topology from receiving 8-week selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatments is conducted in 12 unmedicated adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) by using wavelet-filtered resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Changes are observed in frontal-limbic, temporal, and default mode networks. In particular, topological analysis shows, at the global scale and in the 0.12–0.25 Hz band, that the normalized clustering coefficient and smallworldness of brain networks decreased after treatment. Regional changes in clustering coefficient and efficiency were observed in the bilateral caudal middle frontal gyrus, rostral middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, left pars triangularis, putamen, and right superior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, changes of nodal centrality and changes of connectivity associated with these frontal and temporal regions confirm the global topological alternations. Moreover, frequency dependence is observed from FDR-controlled subnetworks for the limbic-cortical connectivity change. In the high-frequency band, the altered connections involve mostly frontal regions, while the altered connections in the low-frequency bands spread to parietal and temporal areas. Due to the limitation of small sample sizes and lack of placebo control, these preliminary findings require confirmation with future work using larger samples. Confirmation of biomarkers associated with treatment could suggest potential avenues for clinical applications such as tracking treatment response and neurobiologically informed treatment optimization.

scholarly journals Modulation of functional network properties in major depressive disorder following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): a resting-state EEG analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aron T. Hill ◽  
Itay Hadas ◽  
Reza Zomorrodi ◽  
Daphne Voineskos ◽  
Faranak Farzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Characteristic Path Length

Abstract Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective neuromodulatory intervention for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD). Presently, however, understanding of its neurophysiological effects remains incomplete. In the present study, we utilised resting-state electroencephalography (RS-EEG) to explore changes in functional connectivity, network topology, and spectral power elicited by an acute open-label course of ECT in a cohort of 23 patients with treatment-resistant MDD. RS-EEG was recorded prior to commencement of ECT and again within 48 h following each patient’s final treatment session. Our results show that ECT was able to enhance connectivity within lower (delta and theta) frequency bands across subnetworks largely confined to fronto-central channels, while, conversely, more widespread subnetworks of reduced connectivity emerged within faster (alpha and beta) bands following treatment. Graph-based topological analyses revealed changes in measures of functional segregation (clustering coefficient), integration (characteristic path length), and small-world architecture following ECT. Finally, post-treatment enhancement of delta and theta spectral power was observed, which showed a positive association with the number of ECT sessions received. Overall, our findings indicate that RS-EEG can provide a sensitive measure of dynamic neural activity following ECT and highlight network-based analyses as a promising avenue for furthering mechanistic understanding of the effects of convulsive therapies.

Identifying major depressive disorder using Hurst exponent of resting-state brain networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maobin Wei ◽  
Jiaolong Qin ◽  
Rui Yan ◽  
Haoran Li ◽  
Zhijian Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Hurst Exponent ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Major Depressive

scholarly journals The effects of intramuscular administration of scopolamine augmentation in moderate to severe major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204512532093855
Author(s):  
Jingjing Zhou ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Xuequan Zhu ◽  
Tarek Zghoul ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Double Blind

Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common affective disorder. Currently established pharmacotherapies lack rapid clinical response, thereby limiting their ability to bring instant relief to patients. A series of clinical trials has demonstrated the antidepressant effects of scopolamine, yet few have studied the effects of add-on scopolamine to currently available antidepressants. It is not known whether conventional antidepressant treatment with a 3-day scopolamine injection could speed up oral antidepressant efficacy. The main focus of this study is to detect the capacity of the rapid-onset efficacy of such a treatment option. Methods and analysis: This study consisted of a single-centre, double-blind, three-arm randomized trial with a 4-week follow-up period. Sixty-six participants meeting entry criteria were randomly allocated to three treatment groups: a high-dose group, a low-dose group and a placebo control group. Psychiatric rating scales were administered at baseline and seven viewing points following the administration of intramuscular injections. The primary outcome measure was length of time from randomization (baseline) to early improvement. Results: Both primary and secondary outcome measures consistently showed no differences among the three groups. The cumulative response rate and the remission rate were 72.7% (48/66) and 47.0% (31/66). Intramuscular scopolamine treatment was relatively well tolerated. Two subjects with high-dose injections dropped out because of a drug-related side effect. Conclusion: Contrary to our prediction, we found that, compared to placebo (0.9% saline i.m.), scopolamine was not associated with a significantly faster antidepressant response rate. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03131050. Registered on 18 April 2017.

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