Effects of Evolocumab on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Clinical Parameters in Patients Taking a Statin

We determined the effects of evolocumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and the factors associated with the change in carotid IMT in patients taking a statin. The change in carotid mean and maximum IMT before and after the initiation of evolocumab treatment was retrospectively analyzed in 229 statin-treated patients. The changes in clinical parameters, including serum lipid concentrations, were also evaluated. Evolocumab significantly reduced the increase in carotid mean and maximum IMT (0.09 ± 0.13 mm/year to −0.04 ± 0.16 mm/year, p < 0.001 and 0.17 ± 0.38 mm/year to 0.08 ± 0.47 mm/year, p = 0.02). Evolocumab reduced serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoprotein (a) concentrations (each p < 0.001), and increased serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations (p = 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the change in HDL-cholesterol (standard coefficient (β) = −0.120, p = 0.04) and carotid mean IMT (β = −0.467, p < 0.001) were independently correlated with the change in carotid mean IMT during the administration of evolocumab, whereas the change in HDL-cholesterol (β = −0.208, p = 0.002) and log-triglyceride (β = −0.167, p = 0.01) independently correlated with the change in carotid maximum IMT. Evolocumab reduced the increase in carotid IMT in patients taking a statin. These results suggest that evolocumab is protective against carotid atherosclerosis in patients undergoing statin therapy.

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Common femoral artery intima-media thickness as marker for cardiovascular disease in asymptomatic adults

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526.38.2.147 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 147-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Giannoukas ◽

Antoniou ◽

Saleptsis ◽

Baros ◽

Griffin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Score ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Common Femoral Artery ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Imt ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Similar Correlation ◽

The Common

Background: The common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is considered as a marker of cardiovascular disease, while the value of the common femoral IMT is not well defined. The aim of the present study was to investigate the value of common femoral IMT alone or in combination with the common carotid IMT as a marker of cardiovascular disease in asymptomatic adults. Patients and Methods: Eighty-three individuals with no history of cardiovascular disease were subjected to IMT measurement of both common carotid and common femoral arteries with high-resolution ultrasonography. The Framingham Heart Study (FHS) risk score was calculated for each subject (according to gender) and was correlated with the carotid IMT, femoral IMT, and the combined IMT measured at both arterial sites. Results: The carotid and femoral IMT separately and in combination were found to be correlated with the FHS risk score, calculated based on either the total cholesterol or low density lipoprotein plasma levels (carotid IMT: r = 0.28, p = 0.035, and r = 0.35, p = 0.007, respectively, femoral IMT: r = 0.38, p = 0.003, and r = 0.43, p = 0.001, respectively, carotid-femoral IMT: r = 0.37, p = 0.005, and r = 0.46, p = 0.0001, respectively). In addition, femoral IMT was found to be correlated with the carotid IMT (r = 0.41, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Common carotid and common femoral IMT showed similar correlation with the FHS risk score. Additionally, the combination of IMT from both arterial sites was found to have similar correlation with the FHS risk score to carotid IMT alone.

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Carotid Atherosclerosis as a Surrogate Maker of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetic Patients

ISRN Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2013/979481 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ryuichi Kawamoto ◽

Tateaki Katoh ◽

Tomo Kusunoki ◽

Nobuyuki Ohtsuka

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Carotid Imt ◽

Objective Variable

Many studies have shown that carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although it remains inconclusive whether assessment of carotid IMT is useful as a screening test for CVD in Japanese diabetic patients, a total of 271 patients (151 men aged 66 ± 10 (standard deviation) years and 220 women aged 71 ± 8 years) were divided into two groups based on the presence of CVD. We cross-sectionally assessed the ability of carotid IMT to identify CVD corresponding to treatment that was examined by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Among the 271 diabetic patients, 199 non-CVD and 72 CVD patients were examined. Multiple linear regression analysis using the presence of CVD as an objective variable showed that carotid IMT (β=0.259, P<0.001) as well as other confounding factors was a significant independent contributing factor. The ROC curve analysis showed that the best marker of CVD was carotid IMT, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.718 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.650–0.785). The greatest sensitivity and specificity were obtained when the cut-off value of mean carotid IMT was set at 0.95 mm (sensitivity = 0.71, specificity = 0.60, and accuracy = 0.627). Our study suggests that carotid IMT may be useful for screening diabetic patients with CVD.

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Effects of 12-months treatment with zoledronate or teriparatide on intima-media thickness of carotid artery in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: A pilot study

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1177/2058738418822439 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 205873841882243 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elena Passeri ◽

Daniela Mazzaccaro ◽

Veronica Sansoni ◽

Silvia Perego ◽

Giovanni Nano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Median Serum ◽

Hypocholesterolemic Drugs

Atherosclerosis and osteoporosis are interrelated entities and share similar pathogenic mechanisms. Recent studies showed that key proteins of bone metabolism, such as osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteopontin (OPN), are also involved in vascular atherosclerosis and calcifications. The carotid intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) is an early quantitative marker of generalized atherosclerosis. Aim of study was to investigate whether 12-months treatment with zoledronate (ZLN) or teriparatide (TPT) affects CA-IMT and circulating OPG and OPN levels. In this study, 11 postmenopausal osteoporotic women (aged 73, 70.5–74.5 years; median, range interquartile) treated with 5 mg/year iv ZLN; 9 postmenopausal osteoporotic women (aged 70, 62.5–73.5 years) treated with 20 µg/day sc TPT; and 10 aged-, body mass index (BMI)-, glycemic, and lipid profiles-matched, free from anti-osteoporotic and hypocholesterolemic drugs, controls were prospectively investigated at baseline and after 12 months. At baseline, median CA-IMT was similar in the three groups and increased after 12 months. CA-IMT increased significantly in TPT-treated patients (1.0, 0.8–1.2 vs 1.1, 0.9–15 mm, P = 0.04), though the change was minimal. After 12 months of treatment, CA-IMT positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (r = 0.767, P = 0.008) and negatively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (r = −0.65, P = 0.03), suggesting interplay between active bone remodeling and lipid profile. At baseline and after 12 months, median serum OPG and OPN levels did not differ among the groups and did not correlate with changes in CA-IMT. In conclusion, ZLN and TPT treatments are safe on carotid walls in osteoporotic women with subclinical atherosclerosis; circulating OPG and OPN are not affected by long-term anti-osteoporotic treatments and do not correlate with CA-IMT.

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Magnesium Levels Modify the Effect of Lipid Parameters on Carotid Intima Media Thickness

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092631 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2631 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Serafi Cambray ◽

Merce Ibarz ◽

Marcelino Bermudez-Lopez ◽

Manuel Marti-Antonio ◽

Milica Bozic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Effect Modifier ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Lipid Parameters

Classical risk factors of atherosclerosis in the general population show paradoxical effects in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Thus, low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels have been associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes. Magnesium (Mg) is a divalent cation whose homeostasis is altered in CKD. Furthermore, Mg levels have been associated with cardiovascular health. The present study aims to understand the relationships of Mg and lipid parameters with atherosclerosis in CKD. In this analysis, 1754 participants from the Observatorio Nacional de Atherosclerosis en Nefrologia (NEFRONA) cohort were included. Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) was determined in six arterial territories, and associated factors were investigated by linear regression. cIMT correlated positively with being male, Caucasian, a smoker, diabetic, hypertensive, dyslipidemic and with increased age, BMI, and triglyceride levels, and negatively with levels of HDL cholesterol. First-order interactions in linear regression analysis showed that Mg was an effect modifier on the influence of lipidic parameters. Thus, cIMT predicted values were higher when triglycerides or LDL levels were high and Mg levels were low. On the contrary, when Mg levels were high, this effect disappeared. In conclusion, Mg acts as an effect modifier between lipidic parameters and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Therefore, Mg levels, together with lipidic parameters, should be taken into account when assessing atherosclerotic risk.

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Plasma MicroRNA-29c Levels Are Associated with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and is a Potential Biomarker for the Early Detection of Atherosclerosis

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000494158 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 452-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yu-Qing Huang ◽

Jie Li ◽

Cheng Huang ◽

Ying-Qing Feng

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Potential Biomarker

Background/Aims: Atherosclerosis is a serious disease that increases the risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Previous studies have demonstrated that microRNA (miR)-29c could play significant roles in atherosclerosis via regulating inflammatory processes. However, the relationship between miR-29c and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) remains unknown. This study investigated associations between miR-29c and atherosclerosis and tested whether plasma miR-29c levels could be used to detect atherosclerosis. Methods: Plasma miR-29c levels were estimated by quantitative real-time PCR, and CIMT was measured by carotid ultrasound. Associations between miR-29c and CIMT were assessed by Spearman’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analyses. Results: In total, 170 participants were divided into the study (CIMT ≥0.9 mm) and control (CIMT < 0.9 mm) groups. The study group showed higher C-reactive protein (CRP) and miR-29c relative expression levels compared with the control group. CIMT was positively correlated with miR-29c (r=0.659, p< 0.001) and CRP (r=0.447, p< 0.001), and miR-29c levels were also correlated with CRP (r=0.512, p< 0.001). Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis showed that CIMT was significantly correlated with miR-29c (β=0.573, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.315-0.839; p< 0.001) and CRP (β=0.439, 95%CI: 0.186–0.825; p< 0.001). After age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and fasting blood-glucose were adjusted for, CIMT was still closely associated with miR-29c (β=0.529, 95%CI: 0.354–0.812; p< 0.001) and CRP (β=0.417, 95%CI: 0.198–0.724; p< 0.001). Evaluating CRP and miR-29c together (AUC=0.900, p< 0.001) achieved a better prognostic value for atherosclerosis than miR-29c (AUC=0.870, p< 0.001) or CRP (AUC=0.722, p< 0.001) alone. Conclusion: Increased miR-29c was closely associated with CIMT and may serve as a biomarker for identifying atherosclerotic patients.

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Association of Intima-Media Thickness of Carotid Arteries With Remnant Lipoproteins in Men and Women

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.933195 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. S377-S384 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. PIŤHA ◽

J. KOVÁŘ ◽

Z. ŠKODOVÁ ◽

R. CÍFKOVÁ ◽

P. STÁVEK ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carotid Arteries ◽

Plasma Lipids ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Remnant Lipoproteins

The subclass of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins – remnant-like particles (RLP) seems to be strong and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the role of RLP and other risk factors (RF) with sonographically measured intima-media thickness of carotid arteries (IMT CCA) in a cohort of Czech population including women defined according to the time after menopause. We investigated relation of IMT CCA to age, weight, central obesity, plasma lipids including remnant-like particles cholesterol (RLP-C) and triglycerides (RLP-TG) in 136 men and 160 women. Using multiple linear regression analysis, significant association between IMT CCA and RLP-C was found in women 1-7 years after menopause. In the whole group of women, only age and fasting blood glucose were independently associated with IMT CCA. In men only age significantly correlated with IMT CCA. Significant decrease of all plasma lipids between 1988 and 1996 in men was detected, while in women significant increase in triglycerides and no change in non-HDL cholesterol was observed. RLP-C was the strongest independent RF for atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women but its association with IMT CCA was limited to several years after menopause. In conclusion, women changing reproductive status could be more sensitive to atherogenic impact of remnant lipoproteins.

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Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients with Psoriasis

The Open Dermatology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874372202115010045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 45-51

Author(s):

Hao Trong Nguyen ◽

Phuong Thi Doan Vo ◽

Nhi Thi Uyen Pham ◽

Thang Anh Bui ◽

Thao Phuong Nghiem

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

External Carotid ◽

Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽

City Hospital ◽

Media Thickness ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Since the early 20th century, findings have demonstrated that psoriasis is frequently associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) is a surrogate marker of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the CIMT in patients with psoriasis and investigate its correlation with the clinical features. Methods: The present case-control study involved 70 patients with psoriasis who visited Ho Chi Minh City Hospital of Dermato-Venereology from September 2018 to April 2019 and 35 healthy subjects. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were measured in both groups. Linear Doppler scanning was performed to evaluate the CIMT of the common, internal, and external carotid arteries and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques. Results: The mean CIMT value in psoriasis patients was significantly higher than that of controls [0.59 mm (0.53 - 0.71) vs. 0.54 mm (0.52 - 0.62), respectively, p = 0.036]. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the CIMT and age (p = 0.043) and CIMT and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the mean number of atherosclerotic plaques in psoriasis patients was significantly higher than that in controls [0.27 ± 0.68 vs. 0.03 ± 0.17, respectively, p = 0.035]. Conclusion: Elderly patients with severe psoriasis should be evaluated carefully regarding CIMT and atherosclerotic plaques, as these signs are representative of increased cardiovascular risk.

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AB0644 EVALUATION OF MONOCYTE TO HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RATIO AND CAROTID INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS IN GOUT PATIENTS

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3579 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1355.1-1355

Author(s):

C. Kadiyoran ◽

A. Kucuk ◽

H. Aydemir ◽

A. U. Uslu

Keyword(s):

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Operating Characteristic ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Curve Analysis ◽

High Density ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Operating Characteristic Curve

Background:The aim of this study is to investigate, evaluation of monocyte to high density liporotein ratio and carotid intima media thickness in gout patients.Objectives:Gout disease is an autoinflammatory disease caused by the accumulation of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in tissues and organs due to hyperuricemia (1). It is a common cause of arthritis due to the changes in lifestyle and eating habits. The effects of the inflammatory process and hyperuricemia in gout are not limited to the joints, but are associated with increased atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (1,2) Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) is a systemic inflammatory marker and has recently been used quite widely for the evaluation of inflammation in cardiovascular disorders (3,4).Methods:Fourty eight patients who were evaluated in the rheumatology clinic with an arthritis attack and diagnosed with Gout, and 48 healthy individuals whose age, gender and body mass index were matched were included in our study. Basic laboratory and biochemical parameters of the period when gout patients were asymptomatic were examined. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), which is a non-invasive procedure due to its widespread use, was used as a marker.Results:MHR and CIMT values were 18.22 ± 9.01 and 0.76 ± 0.11 mm in patients with gout. In the control group, it was 13.62 ± 4.48 and 0.65 ± 0.13 (p = 0.002, p <0.0001, respectively). When evaluated within the study group, it was found that there was a positive correlation between MHR and CIMT (r = 0.253, p = 0.013), and according to linear regression analysis, there was an independent relationship between MHR and CIMT (beta [β] = 0.293, p = 0.049). When assessing Gout patients in the study population, a cutoff value of 13.85 with sensitivity of 66 %, specificity of 53 %, and p = 0.011 (area under curve: 0.650, 95% confidence interval 0.540-0.760), was observed according to receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis (Figure 1).Figure 1.Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis.Conclusion:This study showed us that MHR can be an inexpensive and easily accessible marker that can be used in the evaluation of atherosclerotic lesions. We think that studies with larger number of patients are needed on this subject.References:[1]Çukurova S, Pamuk ON, Unlu Ercument, Pamuk GE, Cakir NE. Subclinical atherosclerosis in gouty arthritis patients: a comparative study. Rheumatol Int. 2012 Jun; 3 2(6): 1769-73.[2]Choi HK, Curhan G. Independent impact of gout on mortality and risk for coronary heart disease. Circulation 2007 Aug 21; 116 (8): 894-900.[3]McAdams-DeMarco MA, Maynard JW, Coresh J, Baer AN.Anemia and the onset of gout in a population-based cohort of adults: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012 Aug 20; 14(4): R193.[4]Enhos A, Cosansu K, Huyut MA, Turna F, Karacop E, Bakshaliyev N, Nadir A, Ozdemir R, Uluganyan M. Assessment of the Relationship between Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio and Myocardial Bridge. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019 Jan;112(1):12-17.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

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Evaluation of Clinical Variables Associated with Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Middle-Aged Hypertensive Women

International Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1155/2012/257501 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michelle Trindade ◽

Renata Brum Martucci ◽

Adriana K. Burlá ◽

Wille Oigman ◽

Mario Fritsch Neves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Pulse Pressure ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Vascular Ultrasound ◽

Media Thickness

It has been previously documented that carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a predictor of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to identify clinical parameters associated with an increased cIMT treated hypertensive women. Female patients (n=116) with essential hypertension, aged 40–65 years, were included in this study. Vascular ultrasound was performed and the patients were divided into two groups according to the values of cIMT (< or ≥0.9 mm). Patients with greater cIMT presented significantly higher systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure. Serum HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower and CRP was significantly higher in the same group. There was a significant correlation between cIMT and age (r=0.25,P=0.007), systolic blood pressure (r=0.19,P=0.009), pulse pressure (r=0.30,P=0.001), and LDL-cholesterol (r=0.19,P=0.043). cIMT was correlated to CRP (r=0.31,P=0.007) and negatively correlated to HDL-cholesterol (r=0.33,P=0.001). In logistic regression, only HDL-cholesterol, CRP, and pulse pressure were shown to be independent variables associated to increased cIMT. In conclusion, pulse pressure, HDL-cholesterol, and CRP are variables correlated with cIMT in treated hypertensive women.

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Abstract 14477: Adolescent Lipoprotein Subclass Profile: Reference Ranges, Comparison to Adult, and Association With Carotid Intima-media Thickness

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.14477 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Raimund Pechlaner ◽

Nele Friedrich ◽

Anna Staudt ◽

Nina Gande ◽

Benoît Bernar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Life ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Life Assessment ◽

Reference Ranges ◽

Lipoprotein Subclass ◽

Lipoprotein Subclasses ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Triglyceride Content

Introduction: Atherosclerosis begins in early life. Assessment of comprehensive lipoprotein subclass profiles in adolescents and their relation to atherosclerosis may enhance our understanding of the development of dyslipidemia in early life and inform early vascular prevention Hypothesis: Lipoprotein subclass profiles in adolescents are distinct from those in adults and associate with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Methods: Content of lipids (cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids) and apolipoproteins (apoB-100, apoA1, apoA2) of 17 lipoprotein subclasses (from least dense to densest: VLDL1-6, IDL, LDL1-6, HDL1-4) was measured in plasma of n=1776 14- to 19-year olds (56.6% female) and of n=3217 adults (51.5% female) by nuclear magnetic resonance. cIMT was ascertained by sonography in adolescents. Results: Adolescents compared to adults featured lower triglycerides, total, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol, and apoB, and higher HDL cholesterol. They showed 27.2 to 60.5% lower triglyceride content of all lipoprotein subclasses and 21.7 to 50.0% lower VLDL lipid content. Concentrations of LDL-4 and LDL-5 were 40.7 to 47.3% lower, with markedly lower levels also of LDL-6 and LDL-3, but 24.3% higher HDL-1 ApoA1. In adolescents, LDL-3, LDL-4, and LDL-5 subclasses were associated with cIMT (difference in cIMT for a 1-SD higher concentration, 4.76 to 5.93μm), whereas no significant association with cIMT was observed for VLDL or HDL. Conclusions: Adolescents showed a markedly different and more favorable lipoprotein profile compared to adults. Dense LDL subclasses were the only subclasses associated with cIMT, implicating them as the potential preferred therapeutic target for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adolescents.

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