scholarly journals Factors Associated with Changes in Retinal Layers Following Acute Optic Neuritis: A Longitudinal Study Using Optical Coherence Tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3857
Author(s):  
Yumi Lee ◽  
Kyung-Ah Park ◽  
Sei Yeul Oh ◽  
Ju-Hong Min ◽  
Byoung Joon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Acute Optic Neuritis ◽  
Over Time

This study aimed to analyze longitudinal changes in retinal microstructures following acute optic neuritis and to identify the factors that affect those changes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Forty-eight eyes of 37 patients with a first episode of optic neuritis and 48 eyes of 48 healthy controls were enrolled. Patients underwent serial OCT and visual function testing for more than six months. Individual layers from macular OCT were segmented with an automated algorithm. The total retinal layer (TRL), nerve fiber layer (NFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) of optic neuritis eyes showed significant thinning with time over 6–15 months (p < 0.001 for all). The outer nuclear layer (ONL) showed a later decrease in thickness (p = 0.007). The outer retinal layer (ORL) showed an increase (p = 0.007) in thickness at two to five months which was sustained over time. Low visual acuity and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) immunoglobulin (Ig) G were associated with changes in the thickness of the GCL, IPL, and ONL over time (p < 0.05 for all). Low visual acuity was also associated with changes in the thickness of the NFL over time (p = 0.033). Dynamic changes of retinal microstructures varied according to the retinal layer examined after an optic neuritis attack. Initial visual acuity and NMO-IgG were found to be significant factors affecting the changes in thickness of each retinal layer. These results will lead to a better understanding of the pathologic changes that occur in eyes with optic neuritis.

Wide-field optical coherence tomography imaging in diabetic retinopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110549
Author(s):  
Ilkay Kilic Muftuoglu ◽  
Gagan Kalra ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Rasheed ◽  
Carlo Cagini ◽  
Ramkailash Gujar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence

Purpose To report the individual retinal layer thicknesses up to mid-equator in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) using Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) wide-field optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods Retinal layers were segmented using a custom designed semi-automated algorithm, where reference points were marked by the examiner to enable software to automatically compute the thickness values of each retinal sublayer at an interval of 1 mm from reference points. The values of individual retinal thicknesses in eyes with varying severity of DR were compared with the values of healthy subjects. Generalized estimating equation was performed to compensate for inclusion of both eyes of patients. Results A total of 64 patients (119 eyes) with a mean age of 68.97  ±  10.27 years were included. Overall, ganglion cell layer (GCL)/ inner plexiform layer (IPL) complex (-31.67 microns, p < 0.001), outer plexiform layer (-6.78 microns, p = 0.002) and photoreceptor layer (-22.90 microns, p < 0.001) showed significant thinning, while outer nuclear layer thickening ( + 68.19 microns, <0.001) was noted in eyes with DM compared to healthy subjects. Thickness changes were significantly more in the macular segment compared to nasal and temporal segments. GCL/ IPL complex and photoreceptor layers were found to be significantly thin in all grades of DR. Conclusion Retinal thicknesses vary significantly in patients with diabetic retinopathy and understanding patterns of these changes across different segments of the wide field OCT may help better elucidate the natural progression of the disease in terms of retinal anatomy.

scholarly journals Bilateral retinal pathology following a first-ever clinical episode of autoimmune optic neuritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla A. Wicki ◽  
Praveena Manogaran ◽  
Tanja Simic ◽  
James V.M. Hanson ◽  
Sven Schippling
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Acute Optic Neuritis ◽  
Retinal Pathology ◽  
Clinical Episode

ObjectiveThis longitudinal study aimed to assess changes in retinal structure and visual function following a first-ever episode of acute optic neuritis (ON).MethodsClinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT) data obtained over a period of 12 months were retrospectively analyzed in 41 patients with a first-ever clinical episode of acute ON. OCT scans, high-contrast visual acuity (HCVA), and low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA) were acquired at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months thereafter. Macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIP), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), and macular inner nuclear layer (INL) thicknesses were assessed by OCT. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze OCT variables of ipsilateral ON and contralateral non-ON (NON) eyes over time.ResultsThe mean change of GCIP thickness in ON eyes was significant at all follow-up time points, with nearly 75% of the total reduction having occurred by month 1. In ON eyes, thinner GCIP thickness at month 1 correlated with lower LCVA at month 3. Mean pRNFL thickness in ON eyes differed significantly from NON eyes at all postbaseline time points. INL thickness was significantly increased in ON eyes (month 1) but also in contralateral NON eyes (month 12).ConclusionsRetinal structural damage develops rapidly following acute ON and is associated with subsequent functional visual deficits. Our results also suggest bilateral retinal pathology following unilateral ON, possibly caused by subclinical involvement of the contralateral NON eyes. Moreover, our data may assist in clinical trial planning in studies targeting tissue damage in acute ON.

scholarly journals Optical coherence tomography identifies outer retina thinning in frontotemporal degeneration

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (15) ◽  
pp. 1604-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Kim ◽  
David J. Irwin ◽  
Delu Song ◽  
Ebenezer Daniel ◽  
Jennifer D. Leveque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Outer Retina ◽  
Frontotemporal Degeneration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Sd Oct

Objective:Whereas Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with inner retina thinning visualized by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), we sought to determine if the retina has a distinguishing biomarker for frontotemporal degeneration (FTD).Methods:Using a cross-sectional design, we examined retinal structure in 38 consecutively enrolled patients with FTD and 44 controls using a standard SD-OCT protocol. Retinal layers were segmented with the Iowa Reference Algorithm. Subgroups of highly predictive molecular pathology (tauopathy, TAR DNA–binding protein 43, unknown) were determined by clinical criteria, genetic markers, and a CSF biomarker (total tau: β-amyloid) to exclude presumed AD. We excluded eyes with poor image quality or confounding diseases. SD-OCT measures of patients (n = 46 eyes) and controls (n = 69 eyes) were compared using a generalized linear model accounting for intereye correlation, and correlations between retinal layer thicknesses and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were evaluated.Results:Adjusting for age, sex, and race, patients with FTD had a thinner outer retina than controls (132 vs 142 μm, p = 0.004). Patients with FTD also had a thinner outer nuclear layer (ONL) (88.5 vs 97.9 μm, p = 0.003) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) (14.5 vs 15.1 μm, p = 0.009) than controls, but had similar thicknesses for inner retinal layers. The outer retina thickness of patients correlated with MMSE (Spearman r = 0.44, p = 0.03). The highly predictive tauopathy subgroup (n = 31 eyes) also had a thinner ONL (88.7 vs 97.4 μm, p = 0.01) and EZ (14.4 vs 15.1 μm, p = 0.01) than controls.Conclusions:FTD is associated with outer retina thinning, and this thinning correlates with disease severity.

scholarly journals Retinal Oxygen Metabolism and Haemodynamics in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and History of Optic Neuritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kallab ◽  
Nikolaus Hommer ◽  
Andreas Schlatter ◽  
Gabriel Bsteh ◽  
Patrick Altmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Retinal Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Extraction ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
History Of

Vascular changes and alterations of oxygen metabolism are suggested to be implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis and progression. Recently developed in vivo retinal fundus imaging technologies provide now an opportunity to non-invasively assess metabolic changes in the neural retina. This study was performed to assess retinal oxygen metabolism, peripapillary capillary density (CD), large vessel density (LVD), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPLT) in patients with diagnosed relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) and history of unilateral optic neuritis (ON). 16 RMS patients and 18 healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. Retinal oxygen extraction was modeled using O2 saturations and Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) derived retinal blood flow (RBF) data. CD and LVD were assessed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. RNFLT and GCIPLT were measured using structural OCT. Measurements were performed in eyes with (MS+ON) and without (MS-ON) history for ON in RMS patients and in one eye in HC. Total oxygen extraction was lowest in MS+ON (1.8 ± 0.2 μl O2/min), higher in MS-ON (2.1 ± 0.5 μl O2/min, p = 0.019 vs. MS+ON) and highest in HC eyes (2.3 ± 0.6 μl O2/min, p = 0.002 vs. MS, ANOVA p = 0.031). RBF was lower in MS+ON (33.2 ± 6.0 μl/min) compared to MS-ON (38.3 ± 4.6 μl/min, p = 0.005 vs. MS+ON) and HC eyes (37.2 ± 4.7 μl/min, p = 0.014 vs. MS+ON, ANOVA p = 0.010). CD, LVD, RNFLT and GCIPL were significantly lower in MS+ON eyes. The present data suggest that structural alterations in the retina of RMS patients are accompanied by changes in oxygen metabolism, which are more pronounced in MS+ON than in MS-ON eyes. Whether these alterations promote MS onset and progression or occur as consequence of disease warrants further investigation.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov registry, NCT03401879.

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings After Optic Neuritis in Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olwen C. Murphy ◽  
Grigorios Kalaitzidis ◽  
Eleni Vasileiou ◽  
Angeliki G. Filippatou ◽  
Jeffrey Lambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Retinal Microvasculature ◽  
History Of

Background: In people with multiple sclerosis (MS), optic neuritis (ON) results in inner retinal layer thinning, and reduced density of the retinal microvasculature.Objective: To compare inter-eye differences (IEDs) in macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) measures in MS patients with a history of unilateral ON (MS ON) vs. MS patients with no history of ON (MS non-ON), and to assess how these measures correlate with visual function outcomes after ON.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, people with MS underwent OCT and OCTA. Superficial vascular plexus (SVP) density of each eye was quantified using a deep neural network. IEDs were calculated with respect to the ON eye in MS ON patients, and with respect to the right eye in MS non-ON patients. Statistical analyses used mixed-effect regression models accounting for intra-subject correlations.Results: We included 43 MS ON patients (with 92 discrete OCT/OCTA visits) and 14 MS non-ON patients (with 24 OCT/OCTA visits). Across the cohorts, mean IED in SVP density was −2.69% (SD 3.23) in MS ON patients, as compared to 0.17% (SD 2.39) in MS non-ON patients (p = 0.002). When the MS ON patients were further stratified according to time from ON and compared to MS non-ON patients with multiple cross-sectional analyses, we identified that IED in SVP density was significantly increased in MS ON patients at 1–3 years (p = &lt; 0.001) and &gt;3 years post-ON (p &lt; 0.001), but not at &lt;3 months (p = 0.21) or 3–12 months post-ON (p = 0.07), while IED in ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness was significantly increased in MS ON patients at all time points post-ON (p ≦ 0.01 for all). IED in SVP density and IED in GCIPL thickness demonstrated significant relationships with IEDs in 100% contrast, 2.5% contrast, and 1.25% contrast letter acuity in MS ON patients (p &lt; 0.001 for all).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that increased IED in SVP density can be detected after ON in MS using OCTA, and detectable changes in SVP density after ON may occur after changes in GCIPL thickness. IED in SVP density and IED in GCIPL thickness correlate well with visual function outcomes in MS ON patients.

scholarly journals Correlation of retinal layer changes with vision gain in diabetic macular edema during conbercept treatment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yupeng Xu ◽  
Yuan Qu ◽  
Yan Suo ◽  
Jian Gao ◽  
Xia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Central Field ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Sd Oct

Abstract Purpose To assess the changes in individual retinal layer thickness and visual function associated with gains in visual acuity after an intravitreal conbercept injection in the diabetic macular edema (DME) on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and microperimetry during 1-year follow-up. Methods Retrospective observational study. Twenty patients with clinically significant DME in the study eye were imaged by SD-OCT every three months and MP1 microperimeter in the third month while receiving anti-VEGF (conbercept) treatment. In each patient, seven retinal layers were segmented in 98 scans covering a 6mm×6mm area of the macula at baseline and during 1 year of treatment. An automatic, full-threshold microperimetry of the central field (10°×10°, 40 stimulated points) with the MP1 microperimeter. Thickness and microperimetry changes were quantitatively measured and evaluated for their correlation with increases in visual acuity. Results Although thicknesses of the inner nuclear layer (INL) and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) were reduced the most after treatment (p< 0.05), decreases of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) (r = 0.591, p= 0.006) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) (r= 0.663, p= 0.001) in central subfield area was associated with BCVA gain, and had the best estimation of BCVA gain (adjust R2=0.544). Mean macular sensitivity in the central subfield was also well correlated with BCVA gain (r=0.531, p=0.016). Conclusions Neural recovery occurred after the resolution of edema during conbercept treatment, due to the decreases in GCL and IPL associating with gains in vision and improved microperimetry.

Inner macular layer thickness by spectral domain optical coherence tomography in children and adults: a hospital-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1576-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung Ju Yoo ◽  
Jeong-Min Hwang ◽  
Hee Kyung Yang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sd Oct

PurposeTo establish the normative ranges of macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL) and macular inner plexiform layer (mIPL) thickness using Spectralis spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) (Heidelberg Engineering, Inc., Heidelberg, Germany) in both Korean children and adults, and to determine factors associated with mGCL and mIPL thickness.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, observational study of 573 healthy subjects (5–70 years old) who underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations in a single institution. Each inner retinal layer thickness was measured using SD-OCT and automatic segmentation software. Cross-sectional analysis was used to evaluate the effect of gender, age and ocular parameters on mGCL and mIPL thickness. Normative ranges of mGCL and mIPL thickness according to age, gender and factors associated with mGCL and mIPL thickness were measured.ResultsThe mean mGCL and mIPL thickness were 40.6±2.8 and 33.8±2.0 µm, respectively. Determinants of inner sector mGCL thickness were circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFL) thickness (β=1.172, p<0.001), age (β=−0.019, p=0.021) and male gender (β=1.452, p<0.001). Determinants of inner sector mIPL thickness were cpRNFL (β=0.952, p<0.001) and male gender (β=1.163, p<0.001). The inner sector mGCL and mIPL thickness increased significantly with age in children (β=0.174, p=0.009 and β=0.115, p=0.013), and then decreased in adults (β=−0.070, p<0.001 and β=−0.024, p=0.032). In the case of outer sectors, mGCL and mIPL thickness were not significantly related to age and gender.ConclusionsThis study ensured a normative range of the mGCL and mIPL thickness using Spectralis OCT. Gender, age and cpRNFL thickness significantly correlated with mGCL and mIPL thickness. This information should be considered in the interpretation of SD-OCT data.

scholarly journals Association between Visual Acuity and Retinal Layer Metrics in Diabetics with and without Macular Edema

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
LakshmiPriya Rangaraju ◽  
Xuejuan Jiang ◽  
J. Jason McAnany ◽  
Michael R. Tan ◽  
Justin Wanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Retinal Microvasculature

Purpose. Diabetes is known to cause alterations in retinal microvasculature and tissue that progressively lead to visual impairment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is useful for assessment of total retinal thickening due to diabetic macular edema (DME). In the current study, we determined associations between visual acuity (VA) and retinal layer thickness, reflectance, and interface disruption derived from enface OCT images in subjects with and without DME. Materials and Methods. Best corrected VA was measured and high-density OCT volume scans were acquired in 149 diabetic subjects. A previously established image segmentation method identified retinal layer interfaces and locations of visually indiscernible (disrupted) interfaces. Enface thickness maps and reflectance images of the nerve fiber layer (NFL), combined ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCLIPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), photoreceptor outer segment layer (OSL), and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were generated in the central macular subfield. The associations among VA and retinal layer metrics were determined by multivariate linear regressions after adjusting for covariates (age, sex, race, HbA1c, diabetes type, and duration) and correcting for multiple comparisons. Results. In DME subjects, increased GCLIPL and OPL thickness and decreased OSL thickness were associated with reduced VA. Furthermore, increased NFL reflectance and decreased OSL reflectance were associated with reduced VA. Additionally, increased areas of INL and ONL interface disruptions were associated with reduced VA. In subjects without DME, increased INL thickness was associated with reduced VA, whereas in subjects without DME but with previous antivascular endothelium growth factor treatment, thickening of OPL was associated with reduced VA. Conclusions. Alterations in retinal layer thickness and reflectance metrics derived from enface OCT images were associated with reduced VA with and without presence of DME, suggestive of their potential for monitoring development, progression, and treatment of DME.

Optical coherence tomography biomarkers for visual acuity in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212098095
Author(s):  
Evdoxia-Maria Karasavvidou ◽  
Georgios D Panos ◽  
Spyridon Koronis ◽  
Vassilios P Kozobolis ◽  
Paris G Tranos
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Epiretinal Membrane ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Foveal Thickness ◽  
Cotton Ball ◽  
Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between outer and inner retina optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers and visual acuity in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) and identify which of them may be predictive of visual function. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional single-center study was conducted that included patients diagnosed with iERM. Spectral domain OCT images were obtained and assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. The association of OCT parameters with best corrected visual acuity was analyzed. Results: Charts of 97 eyes of 97 patients were reviewed. Central foveal thickness, maximal retinal thickness (MRT), photoreceptor outer segment length, outer foveal thickness, ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer complex thickening, inner retinal thickness and inner retinal layer irregularity index were among the major outcome measures. OCT scans were also assessed for the presence of cotton ball sign, ellipsoid zone disruption, ectopic inner foveal layer, disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL), intraretinal fluid, subretinal fluid (SRF) and epimacular membrane rip. Univariate analysis showed statistically significant association between all the aforementioned parameters with worse vision, except for cotton ball sign and SRF. Multivariate analysis found that MRT and severe DRIL were strongly correlated with worse vision ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: MRT and severe DRIL should be considered as negative prognostic factors for visual acuity.

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