scholarly journals Ultrasound Imaging in Dentistry: A Literature Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Reda ◽  
Alessio Zanza ◽  
Andrea Cicconetti ◽  
Shilpa Bhandi ◽  
Gabriele Miccoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Modern Application ◽  
Future 2

(1) Background: the frequency with which diagnostic tests are prescribed with exposure to ionizing radiation, a cause of biological damage, has been studied, and with much more attention, patients are subjected to these diagnostic tests for diagnosis and follow-up. This review aimed, given the recent developments of this technology, to evaluate the possible use of ultrasound in different branches of dentistry. The possibility of applying ionizing-radiation-free diagnostic exams in dentistry, overcoming the limits of this application, has led scientific research in this area to obtain interesting results that bode well for the future. (2) Methods: a search for articles on the application of ultrasounds in dentistry was performed using the PubMed electronic database. (3) Results: only 32 studies were included, and these clearly stated that this examination is widely usable and in great progress. (4) Conclusions: regarding the modern application techniques of this diagnostic test, it is essential to consider technological evolution as an objective to reduce the damage and side effects of necessary diagnostic tests. The use of ultrasound in dentistry can represent a valid radiation-free alternative, in certain contexts, to the other most used exams.

SKIN MELANOMA INCIDENCE IN WORKERS OCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO IONIZING RADIATION OVER A PROLONGED PERIOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Valentina Rybkina ◽  
Tamara Azizova ◽  
Yevgeniya Grigoreva
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Calendar Period ◽  
Skin Melanoma ◽  
Melanoma Incidence ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

Purpose of the study. The study is aimed to investigate skin melanoma incidence in workers occupationally exposed to radiation over a prolonged period. Materials and methods. Skin melanoma incidence was studied in a cohort of workers first employed at nuclear facility Mayak Production Association (PA) between 1948 and 1982 who had been followed up till 31.12.2013 (22,377 individuals). Mean cumulative doses from external gamma-rays over the whole follow-up period were 0.54±0.001 Sv in males and 0.44±0.002 Sv in females. Incident rates for skin melanoma were analyzed by sex, attained age, calendar period of diagnostics and radiation dose using worldwide standard and the direct standardization technique. Results. 60 skin melanoma cases (37 in males and 23 in females) were registered in the study cohort over the whole follow-up period. The standardized skin melanoma incident rate was 8.51±1.46 in males and 8.78±2.27 in females per 100000 workers revealing statistically higher rates compared to corresponding rates for general populations of the Russian Federation, Urals Federal District and Chelyabinsk region. Skin melanoma incidence was significantly increased in the period of 1994 - 2013 as compared to the period of 1974 - 1993. Skin melanoma incidence excess in females was greater than that for males. Skin melanoma incidence increment in females was mostly driven by modifications of disease occurrence risk while in males it was driven by a combined effect of age pattern modifications in the study cohort and increase of disease risk. Conclusions. Skin melanoma incidence rates in the cohort of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over a prolonged period were associated with sex and attained age workers and the calendar period of diagnostics. No significant association of skin melanoma incidence with dose from external gamma-rays was observed. A significantly increasing trend was observed for skin melanoma incidence by the end of the follow-up in both males and females.

Long-term cytogenetic follow-up studies on humans after internal and external exposures to ionizing radiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adayabalam Sambasivan Balajee ◽  
Gordon K Livingston ◽  
Maria B Escalona ◽  
Terri L Ryan ◽  
Ronald E Goans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
External Exposures

scholarly journals The Positive Predictive Value of Diagnostic Ultrasound for Occult Herniae

2006 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bradley ◽  
J Morgan ◽  
B Pentlow ◽  
A Roe
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Ultrasound ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Diagnostic Problem ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Positive Results

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to ascertain the accuracy of diagnostic ultrasound in the assessment of the occult abdominal and groin herniae. The authors have previously demonstrated its efficacy in diagnosing the type of clinical groin herniae but occult herniae provide a further diagnostic problem. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 113 consecutive patients were referred prospectively for ultrasound examinations with clinically suspected occult herniae. All positive scans were offered surgery whilst the negative results were offered further imaging or other diagnostic tests depending on the clinical criteria. The end point for negative scans was based on 18-month follow-up or resolution of symptoms. RESULTS Overall, 59 scans showed positive results for herniae and 56 of these had surgery. In the other three patients, two refused an operation, and one had no hernia detected at operation. In the remaining 57 scans, ultrasound offered alternative soft tissue diagnoses in 23 patients and surgical/endoscopic diagnoses accounted for a further 8 patients. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound offered a diagnosis for the symptomology in 82 patients (70.6%) of which 59 were herniae. The positive predictive value for hernia is 98.3%. Twenty-six patients with no diagnosis or confirmation of herniae on follow-up showed symptom resolution in 22 cases, and four patients were treated by the pain clinic.

SHOULD WE BE CONCERNED ABOUT THE DOSES OF IONIZING RADIATION RELATED TO DIAGNOSTIC AND FOLLOW-UP IMAGING IN PATIENTS WITH SOLITARY PULMONARY NODULES?

2017 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Dąbrowska ◽  
Zuzanna Przybyło ◽  
Małgorzata Żukowska ◽  
Małgorzata Kobylecka ◽  
Marta Maskey-Warzęchowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Solitary Pulmonary Nodules

scholarly journals Recent developments in the follow-up, prevention and management of complications in thyroid surgery

Gland Surgery ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-427
Author(s):  
Maria Laura Tanda ◽  
Che-Wei Wu ◽  
Glanlorenzo Dionigi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Management Of Complications ◽  
Recent Developments

scholarly journals The Hypoxic Microenvironment of Breast Cancer Cells Promotes Resistance in Radiation Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cordell Gilreath ◽  
Marjan Boerma ◽  
Zhiqiang Qin ◽  
M. Keith Hudson ◽  
Shanzhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Tumor Hypoxia ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Cancer Proliferation ◽  
Cancer Society ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Proliferation And Metastasis

The American Cancer Society has estimated an expected 279,100 new breast cancer cases, and an expected 42,690 breast cancer deaths in the U.S. for the year 2020. This includes an estimated 276,480 women who are expected to be diagnosed. Radiation therapy, also called ionizing radiation therapy, is one of the most frequently used methods in the treatment of breast cancer. While radiation therapy is used in the treatment of more than 50% of all cancer cases, tumor resistance to ionizing radiation presents a major challenge for effective cancer treatment. Most tumor cells are in a hypoxic microenvironment that promotes resistance to radiation therapy. In addition to radiation resistance, the hypoxic microenvironment also promotes cancer proliferation and metastasis. In this review, we will discuss the hypoxic microenvironment of breast cancer tumors, related signaling pathways, breast cancer stem-like cells, and the resistance to radiation therapy. Recent developments in our understanding of tumor hypoxia and hypoxic pathways may assist us in developing new strategies to increase cancer control in radiation therapy.

scholarly journals Recent developments in emerging two-dimensional materials and their applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Khan ◽  
Ayesha Khan Tareen ◽  
Muhammad Aslam ◽  
Renheng Wang ◽  
Yupeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
Recent Developments

The technological evolution has been progressing for centuries and will possibly increase at a higher rate in the 21st century.

scholarly journals GENETICS AND MECHANISMS OF HUMAN AGING AND FRAILTY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S221-S221
Author(s):  
David Melzer ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Protective Allele ◽  
Large Scale Analysis ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Great Progress

Abstract Great progress has been made recently in identifying the genetic and likely biological mechanisms of aging traits in humans, thanks to the very large UK Biobank cohort of 500,000 persons. This symposium will discuss new results for known genetic loci influencing aging, including in-depth analysis of the APOE e2 “protective” allele and aging outcomes, and will highlight new pathways for follow-up. Identifying genetic variants associated with frailty (accumulation of deficits) is implicating specific pathways with possible causal effects on premature frailty, with particular emphasis on neurological traits. Large-scale analysis of physical frailty – here parametrized as muscle weakness – is shedding light on specific mechanisms that are divergent from those associated with the Rockwood-like analysis, with evidence for sex-specific pathways. At the end of this symposium, the audience should be able to better understand the processes that potentially drive aging and frailty in older adults, and the possibilities for future diagnostic and treatment modalities for delaying or reversing aging and frailty in older adults.

scholarly journals Management of celiac disease: from evidence to clinical practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Tiziana M. Attardo ◽  
Elena Magnani ◽  
Carlotta Casati ◽  
Danilo Cavalieri ◽  
Pietro Crispino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Gluten Sensitivity ◽  
Adoptive Immunity

Celiac disease (CD) is a complex polygenic disorder, which involves genetic factors human leukocyte complex (HLA) and non-HLA genes, environmental factors, innate and adoptive immunity, and a robust chronic T-mediated autoimmune component. The main goal of the present monograph is to define a methodological approach for the disease, characterized by frequent late diagnosis, in order for the physician to become aware of the disease management, the diversity of the clinical presentation itself and in different patients. A unique attention is payed to the specific diagnostic tests to define a correct and accurate application of them, and in addition, to disease follow-up and possible complications. Moreover, a dedicated space is assigned to refractory CD, to potential CD and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Legislative aspects of the celiac disease in Italy are addressed, too. The celiac disease guidelines and their evaluation by means of Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation II instrument allow us to classify the different recommendations and to apply them according to the stakeholders’ involvement, pertinence, methodological accuracy, clarity and publishing independence. Finally, the most current scientific evidence is taken into account to create a complete updated monograph.

RADIATION, ITS PRIMARY INTERACTIONS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Whitmore
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Radiation Chemistry ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Current Thinking

A discussion is presented of some current thinking on the primary interactions of ionizing radiation with biological materials, including a brief discussion of ionization, excitation, the track phenomenon of charged particles, and the radiation chemistry of water. An attempt is made to correlate some of these phenomena with the variations in biological damage produced by various types of radiations incident on various biological systems and under varying conditions of oxygen tension.

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