Pemimpin Ideal dan Karakteristik yang Didambakan dalam Menjawab Tantangan Zaman

<p><em>The existence of a leader is related to the aspects of role models, protection, and decision making. Leaders stand at the forefront of creating the realization of community welfare. The public's initial perception of the figure who is believed to be an ideal leader is often broken by the pattern of policies taken after the election of the figure as a leader. This also applies at the village to provincial levels of government. This social portrait is quite risky because it saves a latent danger in the form of people's disappointment with the leader. Writing this article aims to (1) describe the ideal leader figure coveted by the community and (2) explain the importance of leadership aspects that are able to answer the challenges of the times.This writing is done in descriptive analytical with literature study. The results were obtained: (1) There are aspects that are missed consistently in the community, such as integrity, fairness, and responsibility. The characteristics of positive leaders are able to create public optimism in looking at the future. (2) Leadership based on the foundation of virtuous character is needed in dealing with the dynamics of a rapidly changing era.</em><em></em></p>

Liberal Self-Determination in a World of Migration

This book focuses on three key questions regarding the movement of persons across international borders: (1) What gives some residents of a liberal society a right to be considered citizens of that society such that they have a claim to make decisions with regard to its political future? (2) Do citizens of a liberal society have a prima facie right to exclude prospective immigrants despite their commitment to the values of freedom and equality? And (3) if citizens have this prima facie right to exclude prospective immigrants, are there moral requirements regarding how they may exercise it? The book therefore tackles the most pressing philosophical questions that arise for a theory that does not endorse a human right to immigrate: the questions of who exercises self-determination in the area of immigration, why they have such a right in the first place, and how they should go about exercising it.

Ultrasound Imaging in Dentistry: A Literature Overview

(1) Background: the frequency with which diagnostic tests are prescribed with exposure to ionizing radiation, a cause of biological damage, has been studied, and with much more attention, patients are subjected to these diagnostic tests for diagnosis and follow-up. This review aimed, given the recent developments of this technology, to evaluate the possible use of ultrasound in different branches of dentistry. The possibility of applying ionizing-radiation-free diagnostic exams in dentistry, overcoming the limits of this application, has led scientific research in this area to obtain interesting results that bode well for the future. (2) Methods: a search for articles on the application of ultrasounds in dentistry was performed using the PubMed electronic database. (3) Results: only 32 studies were included, and these clearly stated that this examination is widely usable and in great progress. (4) Conclusions: regarding the modern application techniques of this diagnostic test, it is essential to consider technological evolution as an objective to reduce the damage and side effects of necessary diagnostic tests. The use of ultrasound in dentistry can represent a valid radiation-free alternative, in certain contexts, to the other most used exams.

Clinically relevant patient clusters identified by machine learning from the clinical development programme of secukinumab in psoriatic arthritis

ObjectivesIdentify distinct clusters of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients based on their baseline articular, entheseal and cutaneous disease manifestations and explore their clinical and therapeutic value.MethodsPooled baseline data in PsA patients (n=1894) treated with secukinumab across four phase 3 studies (FUTURE 2–5) were analysed to determine phenotypes based on clusters of clinical indicators. Finite mixture models methodology was applied to generate clinical clusters and mean longitudinal responses were compared between secukinumab doses (300 vs 150 mg) across identified clusters and clinical indicators through week 52 using machine learning (ML) techniques.ResultsSeven distinct patient clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (very-high (VH) – SWO/TEN (swollen/tender); n=187) was characterised by VH polyarticular burden for both tenderness and swelling of joints, while cluster 2 (H (high) – TEN; n=251) was marked by high polyarticular burden in tender joints and cluster 3 (H – Feet – Dactylitis; n=175) by high burden in joints of feet and dactylitis. For cluster 4 (L (Low) – Nails – Skin; n=209), cluster 5 (L – skin; n=283), cluster 6 (L – Nails; n=294) and cluster 7 (L; n=495) articular burden was low but nail and skin involvement was variable, with cluster 7 marked by mild disease activity across all domains. Greater improvements in the longitudinal responses for enthesitis in cluster 2, enthesitis and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) in cluster 4 and PASI in cluster 6 were shown for secukinumab 300 mg compared with 150 mg.ConclusionsPsA clusters identified by ML follow variable response trajectories indicating their potential to predict precise impact on patients’ outcomes.Trial registration numbersNCT01752634, NCT01989468, NCT02294227, NCT02404350

At the Heart of It All: Emotions of Consequence for the Conceptualization of Caregiver-Reported Outcomes in the Context of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be demanding for primary caregivers; yet, there is insufficient evidence describing the caregiver-reported outcomes (CROs) that matter most to caregivers. CROs refer to caregivers’ assessments of their own health status as a result of supporting a patient. The study purpose was to describe the emotions that were most impactful to caregivers of patients with CRC, and how the importance caregivers attribute to these emotions changed from diagnosis throughout treatment. Guided by qualitative Interpretive Description, we analyzed 25 caregiver and 37 CRC patient interviews, either as individuals or as caregiver-patient dyads (six interviews), using inductive coding and constant comparative techniques. We found that the emotional aspect of caring for a patient with CRC was at the heart of caregiving. Caregiver experiences that engendered emotions of consequence included: (1) facing the patient’s life-changing diagnosis and an uncertain future, (2) needing to be with the patient throughout the never-ending nightmare of treatment, (3) bearing witness to patient suffering, (4) being worn down by unrelenting caregiver responsibilities, (5) navigating their relationship, and (6) enduring unwanted change. The broad range of emotions important to caregivers contributes to comprehensive foundational evidence for future conceptualization and the use of CROs.

The anatomy of a rivalry: the role of resentment in the development of brand attitudes

Purpose This study aims to demonstrate that feelings of resentment, fueled by perceptions of injustice, underlie the formation of rivalries. Further, this study analyzes how consumers evaluate the two brands that participate in a rivalry relationship. Design/methodology/approach The research uses four experiments. Study 1 uses two conditions to test whether injustice predicts inter-personal rivalries through resentment. Study 2 uses a one-factor design with three levels (resentment vs contempt vs control) to examine the underlying mechanism of resentment on the formation of a rivalry. Study 3 analyzes the effect of brand rivalries on consumers’ brand attitudes. Study 4 uses a 2 (Temporal-focus: past vs future) × 2 (competitive relationship: resentment vs control) between-subjects experimental design, to test the moderating effects of temporal-focus on consumer brand rivalry perceptions. This experiment replicates the effects of brand rivalries on consumer brand attitudes. Findings Rivalries have an essential emotional component – resentment – that is fueled by injustice and leads consumers to form more favorable attitudes toward the brand that consumers perceive is treated unfairly (target brand) and more unfavorable attitudes toward the brand that is perceived to treat the other brand unfairly (the rival brand). A future-focused mindset attenuates consumer perceptions of brand rivalries, whereas a past-focused mindset enhances these effects. Originality/value Prior research has failed to identify the emotional components of rivalries and their effects on consumer choices. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that reveals how attitudes change when consumers are exposed to a brand rivalry.

The Intention to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine in China: Insights from Protection Motivation Theory

(1) Background: More coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are gradually being developed and marketed. Improving the vaccination intention will be the key to increasing the vaccination rate in the future; (2) Methods: A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data on COVID-19 vaccination intentions, protection motivation and control variables. Pearson Chi-square test and multivariate ordered logistic regression models were specified to analyze the determinants of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine; (3) Results: Although the vaccine was free, 17.75% of the 2377 respondents did not want, or were hesitant, to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Respondents’ cognition of vaccine safety, external reward and response efficacy were positively related to COVID-19 vaccination intention, while age, income and response cost were negatively related to the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Professionals and people without medical insurance had the lowest intention to vaccinate; (4) Conclusions: The older aged, people without health insurance, those with higher incomes and professionals should be treated as the key intervention targets. Strengthening publicity and education about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, training vaccinated people and community leaders as propagandists for the vaccine, and improving the accessibility to the COVID-19 vaccine are recommended to improve COVID-19 vaccination intention.

The Nature of Employee–Organization Relationships at Polish Universities under Pandemic Conditions

(1) Background: The aim of this study is to describe manager–employee and employee–employee relations during the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on measures of the likely use of elements of remote teaching by university employees in the future. (2) Methods: The study used a descriptive-correlation research design with a survey as the primary instrument for data gathering. A total of 732 personnel took part in the survey, selected by a convenience sampling technique. The researchers used an adapted and modified instrument to gather data. The instrument underwent a reliability test. This study used structural equation modeling to confirm hypotheses. (3) Results: It was shown that manager–employee relations at Polish universities during the COVID-19 pandemic were of low quality. However, employee–employee relations were of above-average quality, and have a significant positive impact on intentions to use elements of remote working in the future. (4) Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, some general recommendations are presented for change management and relationship-building.

Light quark Yukawas in triboson final states

Triple heavy vector boson production, pp → VVV (V = W, Z), has recently been observed for the first time. We propose that precision measurements of this process provide an excellent probe of the first generation light quark Yukawa couplings. Modified quark interactions with the off-shell Higgs in this process lead to a rapid growth of the partonic cross sections with energy, which manifests in an enhanced pT distribution of the final state leptons and quarks. We quantify this effect and estimate the present and future 2σ sensitivity to the up, down, and strange Yukawas. In particular, we find that HL-LHC can reach $$ \mathcal{O}(400) $$ O 400 sensitivity to the down Yukawa relative to the Standard Model value, improving the current sensitivity in this process by a factor of 10, and which can be further improved to $$ \mathcal{O}(30) $$ O 30 at FCC-hh. This is competitive with and complementary to constraints from global fits and other on-shell probes of the first generation Yukawas. The triboson sensitivity at HL-LHC corresponds to probing dimension-6 SMEFT operators suppressed by an $$ \mathcal{O}(1) $$ O 1 TeV scale, similarly to other LHC Higgs probes.

P196 Secukinumab provides sustained improvements in subgroup analyses of joint tenderness and swelling in patients with psoriatic arthritis: 5year results from the Phase3 FUTURE 2 study

Background/Aims We report the 5-year efficacy of secukinumab, an anti-interleukin17A inhibitor with long-term efficacy and tolerability in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), on reduction of 78 tender joint count (TJC)/76 swollen joint count (SJC) scores in key subgroups of FUTURE 2: patients naive/with a prior inadequate response (IR) to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis), and patients with/without concomitant methotrexate (MTX) use. Methods 397 patients with active PsA, who received ≤3 prior TNFis and/or concomitant MTX, were randomised to secukinumab (300, 150, 75 mg) or placebo at baseline, Weeks 1-4, and every 4 weeks thereafter. Placebo-treated patients were rerandomised to secukinumab 300 or 150 mg at Week 16 (nonresponders) or 24 (responders). Secukinumab dose could be escalated from 150 to 300 mg or from 75 to 150/300 mg following physician’s assessment from Week 128 and maintained thereafter. ACR20 response and changes in 78 TJC/76 SJC are reported over 5 years for secukinumab 300 and 150 mg (approved PsA doses) in TNFi-naive/IR and with/without concomitant MTX subgroups. Results The primary endpoint, ACR20 response at Week 24, is reported elsewhere. In the secukinumab 300 and 150 mg arms, 79.6% and 77.1% of TNFinaive patients achieved an ACR20 response versus 56.3% and 66.7% of TNFi-IR patients at Week 260. At the same timepoint, 62.5% and 73.5% of patients with concomitant MTX use achieved an ACR20 response versus 84.8% and 75.0% of patients without concomitant MTX use in the secukinumab 300 and 150 mg arms, respectively. At Week 260, mean change from baseline in adjusted 78 TJC/76 SJC scores for TNFi-naive and TNFi-IR patients was −13.1/−9.5 and −12.0/−8.9 for secukinumab 300 mg and −15.3/−8.8 and −14.4/−7.9 for secukinumab 150 mg, respectively (Table 1). At Week 260, mean change from baseline in adjusted 78 TJC/76 SJC scores for patients with and without concomitant MTX was −11.2/−8.9 and −14.4/−9.7 for secukinumab 300 mg and −14.7/−9.5 and −15.4/−7.5 for secukinumab 150 mg, respectively. P196 Table 1:Selected baseline characteristics and 78 TJC and 76 SJC results at Week 24 and Week 260Selected baseline characteristicsVariableSEC 300 mg SC(N = 100)SEC 150 mg SC (N = 100)PBO (N = 98)Mean adjusted 78 TJC scoreTotal population20.224.123.4Mean adjusted 76 SJC scoreTotal population11.211.912.178 TJC and 76 SJC results at Week 24 and Week 260EndpointWeek 24Week 260SEC300 mg SC (N = 100)SEC150 mg SC (N = 100)PBO-SEC300 mg SC (N = 45)PBO-SEC150 mg (N = 43)SEC300 mg SC (N = 100)SEC150 mg SCa (N = 100)PBO-SEC 300 mg SC (N = 45)PBO-SEC 150 mgb (N = 43)Adjusted 78 TJC (total population)Change from baseline (SD)−10.4 (10.8)−12.1 (16.5)−10.6 (14.1)−9.7 (13.6)−12.8 (10.7)−15.1 (15.9)−14.5 (15.4)−12.5 (10.6)Adjusted 76 SJC (total population)Change from baseline (SD)−7.2 (5.8)−6.3 (7.7)−9.7 (9.5)−9.6 (10.7)−9.3 (6.1)−8.5 (7.9)−9.5 (8.1)−8.3 (6.3)Adjusted 78 TJC (TNF status)TNFi-naiveChange from baseline (SD)−10.7 (10.8)−13.0 (16.6)−3.5 (13.9)−8.0 (10.7)−13.1 (11.1)−15.3 (16.7)−14.8 (16.0)−11.5 (10.2)TNFi-IRChange from baseline (SD)−9.8 (10.9)−10.3 (16.4)−11.0 (11.4)−13.4 (19.5)−12.0 (9.6)−14.4 (14.0)−14.0 (15.1)−15.7 (12.0)Adjusted 76 SJC (TNF status)TNFi-naiveChange from baseline (SD)−6.9 (4.8)−6.7 (8.2)−10.5 (11.0)−6.8 (6.2)−9.5 (5.7)−8.8 (8.8)−9.4 (9.0)−8.4 (6.9)TNFi-IRChange from baseline (SD)−7.8 (7.4)−5.7 (6.5)−7.8 (5.0)−15.6 (16.3)−8.9 (7.4)−7.9 (5.1)−9.6 (6.1)−7.9 (4.6)Adjusted 78 TJC (MTX use)Concomitant MTX useChange from baseline (SD)−10.3 (8.7)−10.6 (16.7)−8.7 (13.1)−7.6 (14.3)−11.2 (9.1)−14.7 (14.5)−12.7 (12.5)−11.4 (11.4)No concomitant MTX useChange from baseline (SD)−10.5 (12.3)−13.3 (16.4)−15.2 (16.8)−14.2 (12.0)−14.4 (12.0)−15.4 (17.5)−16.8 (18.6)−14.1 (9.6)Adjusted 76 SJC (MTX use)Concomitant MTX useChange from baseline (SD)−6.9 (6.1)−6.0 (8.5)−8.9 (8.6)−8.8 (9.7)−8.9 (6.0)−9.5 (9.1)−8.6 (5.3)−9.4 (7.2)No concomitant MTX useChange from baseline (SD)−7.4 (5.7)−6.6 (6.9)−11.6 (12.4)−11.2 (13.8)−9.7 (6.2)−7.5 (6.5)−10.6 (10.7)−6.6 (4.6)aSEC 150 mg arm includes 42 patients who were uptitrated to SEC 300 mg from Week 128.bPBO-SEC 150 mg arm includes 19 patients who were uptitrated to SEC 300 mg from Week 128. Data are reported as observed.N=number of randomised patients; n=number of patients with evaluation. IR, inadequate response; MTX, methotrexate; PBO, placebo; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; SC, subcutaneous; SD, standard deviation; SEC, secukinumab; SJC, swollen joint count; TJC, tender joint count; TNFi, tumour necrosis factor inhibitor. Conclusion Analysis of 78 TJC/76 SJC scores demonstrated that treatment with secukinumab significantly reduced joint tenderness and swelling at Week 24, which were sustained over 5 years, irrespective of TNFi history/concomitant MTX use. Disclosure I. McInnes: Grants/research support; Research grants, consultation fees, or speaker honoraria: AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB. H. Chinoy: Grants/research support; Research grants, travel grants, consultancy or speaker honoraria: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, BMS, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis and UCB. D. Asquith: Shareholder/stock ownership; Employee of Novartis. Shareholder of Novartis. A. White: Shareholder/stock ownership; Employee of Novartis. Shareholder of Novartis. C. Gaillez: Shareholder/stock ownership; Employee of Novartis. Shareholder of Novartis and Bristol Myers Squibb.