scholarly journals The Effects of Capture and Time Out of Water on Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) Reflexes, Mortality, and Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Cara Rodgveller ◽  
Christiane V. Löhr ◽  
John A. Dimond
Keyword(s):  
Control Fish ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Anoplopoma Fimbria ◽  
Water On Deck ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Delayed Mortality

It is unknown if capture coupled with time out of water on-deck affect sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) health and reflexes, and whether it contributes to acute or delayed mortality. In this study, 35 sablefish were caught using hook-and-line gear and given six reflex tests after capture. Thirty-two were subsequently transported to the laboratory, held for 45–52 days, and then experimentally held out of the water for either 0, 3, 6, or 11 min. After 7–10 days of holding in the laboratory after the experiment, to monitor for mortalities, reflexes were tested for a second time and necropsies and histopathology were performed. There were no histological findings and no mortalities; however, parasites and minor inflammation were observed. All occurrences were not a result of capture or experiments. Some reflexes were absent after capture (77% could right themselves, 69% responded to a tail grab, and 57% responded to sound.) The only test where the reflex did not improve to 100% in the laboratory was the sound reflex. The sound reflex was highest for control fish (63%) and there were no positive sound reflexes for fish held out of water for 11 min. The absence of reflexes may result in predation after release and present issues with feeding or communication.

Laboratory evidence for behavioural impairment of fish escaping trawls: a review

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1157-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford H. Ryer
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Anoplopoma Fimbria ◽  
The Hours ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Trawl Fisheries ◽  
Behavioural Deficits

Abstract It is now widely accepted that for some species a proportion of the undersized fish escaping trawl codends die as a direct result of stress, with 10% to 30% mortality commonly cited. It has also been suggested that there may be indirect or behaviourally mediated mortality; fish that encounter and escape the trawl, only to experience stress-induced behavioural deficits and succumb to predators in the hours or days afterwards. The goal of this review was to evaluate the plausibility of this behaviourally mediated, yet unobserved mortality. Three laboratory studies utilizing cod (Gadus morhua), walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), and sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) have assayed for behavioural impairment in fish following application of stressors designed to simulate entrainment and escape from trawls. Where impairments in anti-predator capabilities occurred, it was determined that trawl-stressed fish exhibited reduced swimming speed, reduced shoal cohesion, and reduced predator vigilance compared to control fish. Although stressed fish appeared to rapidly recover their ability to avoid being eaten by predators, measurements of more subtle aspects of escapee behaviour suggest that impairments may persist for days after stressor application. Although these studies demonstrate that more investigation is required, when combined with a more extensive literature demonstrating that a variety of stressors can impair fish anti-predator behaviour, it is reasonable to conclude that many fish species escaping trawl codends will likely suffer behavioural deficits that subject them to elevated predation risk. As such, there is probably mortality associated with trawl fisheries that is generally unrecognized, unmeasured, and unaccounted for in current stock assessment models. Further, these studies demonstrate that behavioural competency needs to be considered in the design and implementation of by-catch reduction devises and strategies.

scholarly journals Positive feedback promotes terrestrial emergence behaviour in an amphibious fish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Robert Tigert ◽  
Andy J Turko ◽  
Patricia Wright
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Positive Feedback Loop ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Gill Surface Area ◽  
Hypoxic Water

Major ecological transitions such as the invasion of land by aquatic vertebrates have been hypothesised to be facilitated by positive feedback between habitat choice and phenotypic plasticity. We tested whether aquatic hypoxia, emergence behaviour, and plastic changes in gill surface area could create such a positive feedback loop and drive an amphibious fish to spend increasing amounts of time out of water. We found that terrestrially acclimated amphibious mangrove rivulus Kryptolebias marmoratus were more sensitive to, and less tolerant of, aquatic hypoxia relative to water-acclimated fish, which are necessary trade-offs for positive feedback to occur. Next, we acclimated fish to normoxic or hypoxic water with the opportunity to emerge for 7d to test the predictions that fish in hypoxic conditions should regularly leave water, reduce gill surface area, and become less hypoxia tolerant. Consistent with these predictions, fish in severe hypoxia spent almost 50% of the time out of water and coverage of the gill lamellae by an inter-lamellar cell mass almost doubled. Hypoxia acclimated fish were also more sensitive to acute aquatic hypoxia (emergence at higher oxygen levels), and lost equilibrium faster in hypoxic water compared to control fish. Thus, we show that a positive feedback loop develops in amphibious fish where emergence behaviour begets further emergence behaviour, driven by gill remodelling which reduces aquatic respiratory function. Such a scenario may explain how amphibious behaviour has repeatedly evolved in fishes that occupy hypoxic aquatic habitats despite the associated challenges of life on land.

Time Out of Mind?

1979 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 695-696
Author(s):  
PETER SUEDFELD
Keyword(s):  
Time Out

Personal Relationships: Out of Time, Out of Place

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol M. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Time Out

Time-Out: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve A. Nida ◽  
Arona R. Muckenfuss ◽  
D. Michelle Turner ◽  
Kipling D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Time Out

Adrenocortical Scintigraphy with 131I-6-Beta-Iodomethyl-NorchoIesterol (NP 59) in Bilateral Adrenocortical Carcinoma

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (04) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
F. J. C. Pallarés ◽  
A. R. Bartual ◽  
Susana Tenes Rodrigo ◽  
F. J. Ampudia-Blasco ◽  
C. R. de Ávila y Ávalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Adrenocortical Carcinoma ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Imaging Procedure ◽  
Adrenocortical Scintigraphy

SummaryA case of a 49-year-old man suffering from bilateral adrenocortical carcinoma with local and secondary rapid progression is reported. The results of adrenocortical scintigraphy (NP 59) and histological findings allowed the diagnosis. This case report and a literature review showed the importance of using adrenocortical scintigraphy as a complementary imaging procedure of CT or MR images.

Why A Doc With a Dip Doc?

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Catherine Morley
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Power Differentials ◽  
Research Findings

In 2007, when I began studies toward two diplomas, one in textile arts, and one in documentary film this seeming ‘change of focus’ prompted questions from dietetics and research colleagues: Was I changing careers? What did visual arts and film have to do with dietetics and research? In addition to personal reasons for these studies, I wanted ‘time out’ from consulting and research to develop my knowledge and skills in these artforms, and to explore them as means to broaden the reach of research findings. In this article, I discuss the potential for film and visual arts in dietetics practice and education. Arts-based inquiry and practice offer ways to disrupt power differentials, to question what counts as knowledge and whose/what voices ought to count, to invite reflections on and conversations about meanings imbedded in food and in eating behaviour, and to integrate this knowledge into collaborative, client-centred approaches to nutrition education.

The Alluring Nature of Children's Culture: Fairy Tales, the Carnival and the World Wide Web

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Željka Flegar
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Mikhail Bakhtin ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Time Out ◽  
The Social ◽  
Children's Culture ◽  
Language And Ideology

This article discusses the implied ‘vulgarity’ and playfulness of children's literature within the broader concept of the carnivalesque as defined by Mikhail Bakhtin in Rabelais and His World (1965) and further contextualised by John Stephens in Language and Ideology in Children's Fiction (1992). Carnivalesque adaptations of fairy tales are examined by situating them within Cristina Bacchilega's contemporary construct of the ‘fairy-tale web’, focusing on the arenas of parody and intertextuality for the purpose of detecting crucial changes in children's culture in relation to the social construct and ideology of adulthood from the Golden Age of children's literature onward. The analysis is primarily concerned with Roald Dahl's Revolting Rhymes (1982) and J. K. Rowling's The Tales of Beedle the Bard (2007/2008) as representative examples of the historically conditioned empowerment of the child consumer. Marked by ambivalent laughter, mockery and the degradation of ‘high culture’, the interrogative, subversive and ‘time out’ nature of the carnivalesque adaptations of fairy tales reveals the striking allure of contemporary children's culture, which not only accommodates children's needs and preferences, but also is evidently desirable to everybody.

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