scholarly journals Summer Wind Effects on Coastal Upwelling in the Southwestern Yellow Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Ning Zhao ◽  
Tianran Liu ◽  
Naoki Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Wind Stress ◽  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Tidal Mixing ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Wind Stress Curl ◽  
Green Tides

The features of coastal upwelling in the southwestern Yellow Sea were investigated based on oceanology data from a research cruise and a regional circulation model. The observation data suggest that a relatively colder and saltier water core exists from the deeper layer to the surface, off the Subei Bank. The concentrations of nutrients also suggest that coastal upwelling is beneficial for nutrient enrichment in the upper layer. The numerical simulations are in good agreement with oceanology observations. Furthermore, sensitivity experiments indicate that, in addition to the tidal-induced upwelling and tidal mixing proposed in previous studies, the summer monsoon is also critical to vertical circulation in the southwestern Yellow Sea. The southwesterly wind stress and positive wind stress curl make considerable contributions to upwelling off the Subei coast compared with tidal motions. Moreover, this study also proposes that changes in the summer monsoon and its curl may have been helpful to the formation of upwelling during the past decade, which may have provided a favorable marine environment for the frequent occurrence of green tides. This study provides a theoretical basis for the mechanisms of coastal upwelling and the nitrogen cycle in the Yellow Sea.

scholarly journals From monsoon to marine productivity in the Arabian Sea: insights from glacial and interglacial climates

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 759-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Le Mézo ◽  
Luc Beaufort ◽  
Laurent Bopp ◽  
Pascale Braconnot ◽  
Masa Kageyama
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Wind Stress ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
Tropospheric Temperature ◽  
Ekman Pumping ◽  
Wind Stress Curl ◽  
Jet Axis

Abstract. The current-climate Indian monsoon is known to boost biological productivity in the Arabian Sea. This paradigm has been extensively used to reconstruct past monsoon variability from palaeo-proxies indicative of changes in surface productivity. Here, we test this paradigm by simulating changes in marine primary productivity for eight contrasted climates from the last glacial–interglacial cycle. We show that there is no straightforward correlation between boreal summer productivity of the Arabian Sea and summer monsoon strength across the different simulated climates. Locally, productivity is fuelled by nutrient supply driven by Ekman dynamics. Upward transport of nutrients is modulated by a combination of alongshore wind stress intensity, which drives coastal upwelling, and by a positive wind stress curl to the west of the jet axis resulting in upward Ekman pumping. To the east of the jet axis there is however a strong downward Ekman pumping due to a negative wind stress curl. Consequently, changes in coastal alongshore stress and/or curl depend on both the jet intensity and position. The jet position is constrained by the Indian summer monsoon pattern, which in turn is influenced by the astronomical parameters and the ice sheet cover. The astronomical parameters are indeed shown to impact wind stress intensity in the Arabian Sea through large-scale changes in the meridional gradient of upper-tropospheric temperature. However, both the astronomical parameters and the ice sheets affect the pattern of wind stress curl through the position of the sea level depression barycentre over the monsoon region (20–150° W, 30° S–60° N). The combined changes in monsoon intensity and pattern lead to some higher glacial productivity during the summer season, in agreement with some palaeo-productivity reconstructions.

scholarly journals A Lagrangian-based Floating Macroalgal Growth and Drift Model (FMGDM v1.0): application in the green tides of the Yellow Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fucang Zhou ◽  
Jianzhong Ge ◽  
Dongyan Liu ◽  
Pingxing Ding ◽  
Changsheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Green Tide ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Green Tides ◽  
Drift Model

Abstract. Massive floating macroalgal blooms in the ocean have had an array of ecological consequences; thus, tracking their drifting pattern and predicting their biomass are important for their effective management. However, a high-resolution ecological dynamics model is lacking. In this study, a physical–ecological model, Floating Macroalgal Growth and Drift Model (FMGDM v1.0), was developed to determine the dynamic growth and drift pattern of floating macroalgal, based on the tracking, replication and extinction of Lagrangian particles. The position, velocity, quantity and represented biomass of particles are updated synchronously between the tracking module and the ecological module. The former is driven by ocean flows and sea surface wind, while the latter is controlled by the temperature, salinity, and irradiation. Based on the hydrodynamic models of the Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model and parameterized using a culture experiment of Ulva prolifera, which caused the largest bloom worldwide of the green tide in the Yellow Sea, China, this model was applied to simulate the green tides around the Yellow Sea in 2014 and 2015. The simulation result, distribution and biomass of green tides, was validated using remote sensing observation data and reasonably modeled the entire process of green tide bloom and its extinction from early spring to late summer. Given the prescribed spatial initialization from remote sensing observation, the model could provide accurate short-term (7–8 d) predictions of the spatial and temporal developments of the green tide. With the support of the hydrodynamic model and biological data of macroalgae, this model can forecast floating macroalgae blooms in other regions.

scholarly journals Tracking the Movement and Distribution of Green Tides on the Yellow Sea in 2015 Based on GOCI and Landsat Images

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hwan Min ◽  
Hyun-Ju Oh ◽  
Jae-Dong Hwang ◽  
Young-Sang Suh ◽  
Mi-Ok Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Sea ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Green Tides

scholarly journals The Benguela Upwelling System: Quantifying the Sensitivity to Resolution and Coastal Wind Representation in a Global Climate Model*

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (23) ◽  
pp. 9409-9432 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Justin Small ◽  
Enrique Curchitser ◽  
Katherine Hedstrom ◽  
Brian Kauffman ◽  
William G. Large
Keyword(s):  
Wind Stress ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Wind Stress Curl ◽  
Upwelling System ◽  
Wind Structure ◽  
Eastern Boundary ◽  
Benguela Upwelling ◽  
Atmosphere Model

Abstract Of all the major coastal upwelling systems in the world’s oceans, the Benguela, located off southwest Africa, is the one that climate models find hardest to simulate well. This paper investigates the sensitivity of upwelling processes, and of sea surface temperature (SST), in this region to resolution of the climate model and to the offshore wind structure. The Community Climate System Model (version 4) is used here, together with the Regional Ocean Modeling System. The main result is that a realistic wind stress curl at the eastern boundary, and a high-resolution ocean model, are required to well simulate the Benguela upwelling system. When the wind stress curl is too broad (as with a 1° atmosphere model or coarser), a Sverdrup balance prevails at the eastern boundary, implying southward ocean transport extending as far as 30°S and warm advection. Higher atmosphere resolution, up to 0.5°, does bring the atmospheric jet closer to the coast, but there can be too strong a wind stress curl. The most realistic representation of the upwelling system is found by adjusting the 0.5° atmosphere model wind structure near the coast toward observations, while using an eddy-resolving ocean model. A similar adjustment applied to a 1° ocean model did not show such improvement. Finally, the remote equatorial Atlantic response to restoring SST in a broad region offshore of Benguela is substantial; however, there is not a large response to correcting SST in the narrow coastal upwelling zone alone.

scholarly journals Ulva prolifera green-tide outbreaks and their environmental impact in the Yellow Sea, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongyu Zhang ◽  
Peimin He ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Jihua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ulva Prolifera ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Green Tide ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Green Tides ◽  
Carbon Cycles

Abstract The Ulva prolifera green tides in the Yellow Sea, China, which have been occurring since 2007, are a serious environmental problem attracting worldwide attention. Despite extensive research, the outbreak mechanisms have not been fully understood. Comprehensive analysis of anthropogenic and natural biotic and abiotic factors reveals that human activities, regional physicochemical conditions and algal physiological characteristics as well as ocean warming and biological interactions (with microorganism or other macroalgae) are closely related to the occurrence of green tides. Dynamics of these factors and their interactions could explain why green tides suddenly occurred in 2007 and decreased abruptly in 2017. Moreover, the consequence of green tides is serious. The decay of macroalgal biomass could result in hypoxia and acidification, possibly induce red tide and even have a long-lasting impact on coastal carbon cycles and the ecosystem. Accordingly, corresponding countermeasures have been proposed in our study for future reference in ecosystem management strategies and sustainable development policy.

A dynamic growth model of Ulva prolifera: Application in quantifying the biomass of green tides in the Yellow Sea, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 428 ◽  
pp. 109072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Sun ◽  
Jeffrey S. Ren ◽  
Tao Bai ◽  
Jihong Zhang ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Ulva Prolifera ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Green Tides ◽  
Dynamic Growth

Assessing the performance of a multi-nested ocean circulation model using satellite remote sensing and in situ observations

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiliang Shan ◽  
Jinyu Sheng ◽  
Kyoko Ohashi ◽  
Mathieu Dever
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Tidal Mixing ◽  
Scotian Shelf ◽  
Ocean Circulation Model

This study presents a multi-nested ocean circulation model developed recently for the central Scotian Shelf. The model consists of four submodels downscaling from the eastern Canadian Shelf to the central Scotian Shelf. The model is driven by tides, river discharges, and atmospheric forcing. The model results are validated against observations, including satellite remote sensing data from GHRSST and Aquarius and in situ measurements taken by tide gauges, a marine buoy, ADCPs and CTDs. The ocean circulation model is able to capture variations of sea level, hydrography and the Nova Scotia Current on timescales of days to seasons over the central Scotian Shelf. Model results are used in a process study to examine the effect of tidal mixing and wind-driven coastal upwelling in the formation of cold surface waters along the coast of Nova Scotia.

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