scholarly journals Investigation on Improving Strategies for Navigation Safety in the Offshore Wind Farm in Taiwan Strait

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1448
Author(s):  
Yuh-Ming Tsai ◽  
Cherng-Yuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Fault Tree Analysis ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Tree Analysis ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Navigation Safety

The Taiwan Strait, to the west of Taiwan, is rich in wind energy resources and has the greatest offshore wind power potential in the world. Therefore, Taiwan has been actively expanding its offshore wind power industry in this area in recent years and expects to achieve the total installed capacity to 15.6 GW by 2035. Due to the large vessel traffic flow in Western Taiwan’s sea area, wind farms will inevitably reduce the navigable space and shadow some existing marine aids to navigation, thus worsening navigation safety. An approach using a fault tree analysis was used to carry out analysis of collision risk between ship-to-ship and ship-to-turbine. The vessel density distribution and traffic flow within the open sea of offshore wind farms would further increase to curtail the available navigable space. The shadowing effects along navigation channels would thereafter be worsened to raise the probability of collision risks in the sea. The results of the fault tree analysis revealed that if the ship is out of control, the time allowed to provide assistance is rather short, leading to the increase of collision risk extent between ships and wind turbines. Moreover, the study also found that unfit functions of the Vessel Traffic Service System and navigation aids and frequently and arbitrarily crossing the navigation channel of fishery vessels are the main causes of ship collisions. In order to effectively improve the navigation safety, competitive strategies for navigation safety are investigated and evaluated in this study. These strategies include making a complete plan for utilizing the whole sea, integrating the offshore vessel traffic service and management system, providing remote pilotage services, and building salvage vessels. The above promising strategies would enhance the navigation safety within the open sea. Collision risk might occur once marine accident occurs and no salvage vessel is available.

First Lean, then modularization: improving the maintenance of offshore wind turbines

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian R. Petersen ◽  
Erik Skov Madsen ◽  
Arne Bilberg
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Operations And Maintenance ◽  
Power Installations

Purpose This paper aims to explore how maintenance tasks can be planned and executed in a smarter way and, consequently, how the operations and maintenance of offshore wind power installations can be improved through modularisation. Design/methodology/approach This is a case study of one of Europe’s leading offshore wind power operators with more than 1,000 wind turbine generators in operation. By focusing on this company, in-depth insights into its operations and maintenance processes are investigated. Findings Lean is identified to constitute an important first step before the modularisation of maintenance tasks. The modularisation of the maintenance of offshore wind farms is identified to reduce preventive maintenance times. Practical implications The paper develops a process to identify the resources needed for maintenance before the modularisation of maintenance tasks and resources can take place. The authors also establish a foundation for the development of a software tool to support the development of the modularisation of maintenance tasks. Originality/value The present study contributes to the rather immature field of research on the operations and maintenance of offshore wind power. Furthermore, it adds to the emerging research area of service modularity.

Study of the Wind farms and Offshore Wind Power in Cuba

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-279
Author(s):  
Yu-Woon Jang ◽  
Il-Soo Park ◽  
Gang-Woong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Power

Estimating offshore wind power potentials that account for the kinetic energy removal by wind turbines: the Kinetic Energy Budget of the Atmosphere (KEBA) approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Kleidon ◽  
Lee Miller
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Wind Speeds

<p>Offshore wind power is seen as a large renewable energy resource due to the high and continuous wind speeds over the ocean.However, as wind farms expand in scale, wind turbines increasingly remove kinetic energy from the atmospheric flow, reducing wind speeds and expected electricity yields.Here we show that this removal effect of large wind farms and the drop in yields can be estimated in a relatively simple way by considering the kinetic energy budget of the lower atmosphere, which we refer to as the KEBA approach.We first show that KEBA can reproduce the estimated, climatological yields of wind farms of different sizes and locations using previously published numerical model simulations with an explicit wind farm representation.<span>  </span>We then show the relevance of these reductions by evaluating the contribution of offshore wind energy in specific scenarios of Germany’s energy transition in the year 2050.Our estimates suggest that due to reduced wind speeds, mean capacity factors of wind farms are reduced to 33 - 39%, which is notably less than capacity factors above 50% that are commonly assumed in energy scenarios.This reduction is explained by KEBA by the depletion of the horizontal flow of kinetic energy by the wind farms and the low vertical renewal rate, which limits large-scale wind energy potentials to less than 1 W m<sup>-2</sup> of surface area.We conclude that wind speed reductions are likely to play a substantial role in the further expansion of offshore wind energy and need to be considered in the planning process.These reduced yields can be estimated by a comparatively simple approach based on budgeting the kinetic energy of the atmosphere surrounding the wind farms.</p>

scholarly journals Current Status and Prospective of Offshore Wind Power to Achieve Korean Renewable Energy 3020 Plan

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-205
Author(s):  
Minkyu Park ◽  
Seongjun Park ◽  
Byungcheol Seong ◽  
Yeonjeong Choi ◽  
Sokhee P. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Wind Power Generation ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Wind Power Development

This review comprehensively reviewed floating offshore wind power generation technology, which is being newly developed as a mid- to long-term plan for wind energy. From the perspective of investment per megawatt (MW), offshore wind power is still about 50 percent more expensive than land wind power. Nevertheless, many advanced countries began to investigate the data because they wondered why they were immersed in development and investment, and why offshore wind facilities installed on the beach and floating offshore wind installed in the middle of the sea, unlike the land wind we knew. We looked at the basic principles of offshore wind power generation and the technologies used in facilities, and looked at the advantages and disadvantages of offshore wind power generation compared to land wind power generation, and what differences between fixed offshore wind farms and floating offshore wind farms. It is investigated whether it is a realistic plan to verify residents’ opposition to the installation of offshore wind power facilities, the possibility of commercialization such as high operational management costs, and the feasibility of installing facilities for renewable energy 3020 as mid- to long-term goals. In addition, it compares foreign cases with offshore wind power development complexes in Korea, marine wind power generation complexes in operation, and high wind power in Scotland, the first floating offshore wind power in Ulsan, Korea, to overcome difficulties in installing facilities and suggest directions for domestic offshore wind power development. In addition, in Korea, where there are not many countries suitable for wind power generation unlike overseas, it was decided to investigate whether floating offshore wind power could be the answer as planned. The reason why the government is pushing for investment in renewable energy such as solar power and wind power is because energy sources from the sun are eco-friendly. However, the U.S. and Europe, which started the wind power project early, are having difficulty in handling the wings of wind power generators. The energy source looked at the contradictions caused by environmental pollution in the treatment of waste, although it was environmentally friendly, and investigated how waste was treated and utilized overseas. Compared to other countries that entered the offshore wind power business earlier, domestic power generation projects are in their infancy and should focus on developing technology and co-prosperity with neighboring residents rather than on excessive expansion.

Study on the Coexistence of Offshore Wind Farms and Cage Culture

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1960
Author(s):  
Hsing-Yu Wang ◽  
Hui-Ming Fang ◽  
Yun-Chih Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Waves And Currents ◽  
The Waves

In this study, a hydrodynamic model was used that includes the effects of wave–current interactions to simulate the wave and current patterns before and after offshore wind turbine installation in western Taiwan. By simulating the waves and currents after the offshore wind turbine was established, the waves and currents caused by the wind turbine were seen to have a limited range of influence, which is probably within an area about four to five times the size of the diameter (12–15 m) of the foundation structure. Overall, the analysis of the simulation results of the wave and current patterns after the offshore wind turbines were established shows that the underwater foundation only affected the local area near the pile structure. The wind farm (code E) of the research case can be equipped with about 720 cage cultures; if this is extended to other wind farms in the western sea area, it should be possible to produce economic-scale farming operations such as offshore wind power and fisheries. However, this study did not consider the future operation of the entire offshore wind farm. If the operation and maintenance of offshore wind farms are not affected, and if the consent of the developer is obtained, it should be possible to use this method to provide economically large-scale farming areas as a mutually beneficial method for offshore wind power generation and fisheries.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF WAVE CHARACTERISTICS FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF OFFSHORE WIND POWER PLANT

2018 ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Takako Fukuyama ◽  
Tsuyoshi Ikeya ◽  
Yukinari Fukumoto
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Wave Characteristics ◽  
Wind Farm Design ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Side ◽  
Design And Construction

The potential of offshore wind power in Japan is high, because Japan is surrounded by the sea on all sides. For this reason, proving research and planning of wind farms have been conducted in various locations. However the introduction is delayed compared with Europe due to severe natural conditions such as typhoons and swells unique to Japan. Offshore Choshi is one of the suitable sites for wind power generation on the Pacific side, but there is no data about characteristics of high waves required for setting the design conditions and characteristics of low waves required for the construction onsite. Therefore in this research, we aim to establish the design and construction of offshore wind farm adapted to Japan, using wave data obtained by proving research offshore Choshi, to investigate the wave characteristics for wind farm design and construction.

scholarly journals Managing the Volatility Risk of Renewable Energy: Index Insurance for Offshore Wind Farms in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8985
Author(s):  
Shih-Chieh Liao ◽  
Shih-Chieh Chang ◽  
Tsung-Chi Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Insurance Contract ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Index Insurance ◽  
Offshore Wind Power

Renewable energy is produced using renewable natural resources, including wind power. The Taiwan government aims to have renewable energy account for 20% of its total power supply by 2025, in which offshore wind power plays an important role. This paper explores the application of index insurance to renewable energy for offshore wind power in Taiwan. We employ autoregressive integrated moving average models to forecast power generation on a monthly and annual basis for the Changhua Demonstration Offshore Wind Farm. These predictions are based on an analysis of 39 years of hourly wind speed data (1980–2018) from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2, of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The data analysis and forecasting models describe the methodology used to design the insurance contract and its index for predicting offshore wind power generation. We apply our forecasting results to insurance contract pricing.

Offshore wind takes off in China and Taiwan

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Electricity Systems

Subject Offshore wind power in China and Taiwan. Significance The world’s first offshore wind hubs outside of northern Europe are being established in China and Taiwan as the cost of offshore wind moves towards subsidy-free levels. Impacts Rapid expansion of offshore wind will put pressure on distribution and transmission firms to integrate wind into their electricity systems. The development of mature Asian supply chains will make offshore wind increasingly affordable for other Asian countries. Floating wind farms will increase the sea depths in which offshore turbines can be constructed and thus the available resources.

scholarly journals Study on the total reactive compensation method of offshore wind farm

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Feng Peilei ◽  
Wu Hesong ◽  
Zhang Mingsheng ◽  
Wan Wenkni
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Reactive Compensation

Wind power generation is one of the most mature and most developed conditions for power generation in new energy generation technology.Large capacity and long distance offshore wind power is the trend of future wind power development.Wind power generation is one of the most mature and commercialized power generation methods in the field of renewable energy utilization.Due to the rich characteristics of offshore wind resources and the urgent need for offshore wind power development projects all over the world, the transmission and interconnection of large-scale offshore wind farms has become a hot topic in the development and research of wind power.This paper focuses on the analysis of the reactive power compensation methods for offshore wind farms, and provides a reference for the construction of offshore wind farms.

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