First Lean, then modularization: improving the maintenance of offshore wind turbines

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian R. Petersen ◽  
Erik Skov Madsen ◽  
Arne Bilberg
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Operations And Maintenance ◽  
Power Installations

Purpose This paper aims to explore how maintenance tasks can be planned and executed in a smarter way and, consequently, how the operations and maintenance of offshore wind power installations can be improved through modularisation. Design/methodology/approach This is a case study of one of Europe’s leading offshore wind power operators with more than 1,000 wind turbine generators in operation. By focusing on this company, in-depth insights into its operations and maintenance processes are investigated. Findings Lean is identified to constitute an important first step before the modularisation of maintenance tasks. The modularisation of the maintenance of offshore wind farms is identified to reduce preventive maintenance times. Practical implications The paper develops a process to identify the resources needed for maintenance before the modularisation of maintenance tasks and resources can take place. The authors also establish a foundation for the development of a software tool to support the development of the modularisation of maintenance tasks. Originality/value The present study contributes to the rather immature field of research on the operations and maintenance of offshore wind power. Furthermore, it adds to the emerging research area of service modularity.

Evaluating the essential barrier to off-shore wind energy – an Indian perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannan Govindan ◽  
Madan Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Common Barriers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the essential barrier and reveal the priority among common barriers to offshore wind energy in an Indian context with the assistance of the proposed framework. Design/methodology/approach Based on the proposed framework, a five-phase methodology was adapted to explore the essential barrier step by step. The common barriers, which were collected from the existing literatures through a systematic review, were further validated by field experts. The collected common barriers were evaluated with the assistance of the case industry’s field professionals through an analytical hierarchy process, a multi-criteria decision-making tool, to evaluate the barriers to Indian offshore wind energy. Findings Among the 12 common barriers to offshore wind energy, it is clear that “high capital cost” is the most essential barrier involved in the implementation of offshore wind energy farms in the Indian context. Practical implications This study reveals the importance of offshore wind power as a long-term profitable strategy to the case company within the Indian context. By addressing the essential barriers to the implementation of offshore wind farms, the Indian offshore wind system managers can train their employees to counteract the hindrances through the benchmarking of pioneering global offshore wind power developers such as Denmark and the UK. Further, this study provides useful suggestions to the Indian Government regarding policies for offshore wind energy; it also clearly projects the current status of the Indian offshore wind farm implementation. Originality/value This study assists Indian key stakeholders of offshore wind energy by indicating the essential barrier in an Indian context; they can remove the particular barrier instead of focusing on others that previous studies have identified. Further, this study brings out the importance of offshore wind power in an Indian context, which can urge stakeholders to invest more in offshore wind farms.

scholarly journals Current Status and Prospective of Offshore Wind Power to Achieve Korean Renewable Energy 3020 Plan

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-205
Author(s):  
Minkyu Park ◽  
Seongjun Park ◽  
Byungcheol Seong ◽  
Yeonjeong Choi ◽  
Sokhee P. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Wind Power Generation ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Wind Power Development

This review comprehensively reviewed floating offshore wind power generation technology, which is being newly developed as a mid- to long-term plan for wind energy. From the perspective of investment per megawatt (MW), offshore wind power is still about 50 percent more expensive than land wind power. Nevertheless, many advanced countries began to investigate the data because they wondered why they were immersed in development and investment, and why offshore wind facilities installed on the beach and floating offshore wind installed in the middle of the sea, unlike the land wind we knew. We looked at the basic principles of offshore wind power generation and the technologies used in facilities, and looked at the advantages and disadvantages of offshore wind power generation compared to land wind power generation, and what differences between fixed offshore wind farms and floating offshore wind farms. It is investigated whether it is a realistic plan to verify residents’ opposition to the installation of offshore wind power facilities, the possibility of commercialization such as high operational management costs, and the feasibility of installing facilities for renewable energy 3020 as mid- to long-term goals. In addition, it compares foreign cases with offshore wind power development complexes in Korea, marine wind power generation complexes in operation, and high wind power in Scotland, the first floating offshore wind power in Ulsan, Korea, to overcome difficulties in installing facilities and suggest directions for domestic offshore wind power development. In addition, in Korea, where there are not many countries suitable for wind power generation unlike overseas, it was decided to investigate whether floating offshore wind power could be the answer as planned. The reason why the government is pushing for investment in renewable energy such as solar power and wind power is because energy sources from the sun are eco-friendly. However, the U.S. and Europe, which started the wind power project early, are having difficulty in handling the wings of wind power generators. The energy source looked at the contradictions caused by environmental pollution in the treatment of waste, although it was environmentally friendly, and investigated how waste was treated and utilized overseas. Compared to other countries that entered the offshore wind power business earlier, domestic power generation projects are in their infancy and should focus on developing technology and co-prosperity with neighboring residents rather than on excessive expansion.

Operations and maintenance issues in the offshore wind energy sector

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Baagøe-Engels ◽  
Jan Stentoft
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operations And Maintenance

Purpose There is increasing research interest in the expansion of the offshore wind energy sector. Recent research shows that operations and maintenance (O&M) account for around 20-35 per cent of the total energy costs in this sector. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of O&M issues in the offshore wind energy sector to propose initiatives that can help reduce the cost of energy used by offshore wind farms. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on an in-depth literature review and a Delphi study of a panel of 16 experts on O&M. Findings Consisting primarily of conceptual papers and/or modelling papers, the extant literature identifies several challenges for O&M in the offshore wind energy sector. These challenges can be grouped into four categories: issues related with industry immatureness; distance/water depth; weather window; and policy issues. The Delphi study identified three other major issues that lead to increased O&M costs: too many predefined rules that limit development; lack of coordinated planning of the different services offered at the wind farms; and lack of a common approach on how O&M should be managed strategically. Research limitations/implications The present study is based only on Danish respondents. Future research needs to include various respondents from different countries to identify country-specific contingencies. Practical implications The paper provides an overview of the O&M issues in the offshore wind energy sector to prioritize where future resources should be invested and, thus, reduce O&M costs. Originality/value This is the first paper on O&M issues that bridges both literature studies and industry expert opinions.

Study on the Coexistence of Offshore Wind Farms and Cage Culture

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1960
Author(s):  
Hsing-Yu Wang ◽  
Hui-Ming Fang ◽  
Yun-Chih Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Waves And Currents ◽  
The Waves

In this study, a hydrodynamic model was used that includes the effects of wave–current interactions to simulate the wave and current patterns before and after offshore wind turbine installation in western Taiwan. By simulating the waves and currents after the offshore wind turbine was established, the waves and currents caused by the wind turbine were seen to have a limited range of influence, which is probably within an area about four to five times the size of the diameter (12–15 m) of the foundation structure. Overall, the analysis of the simulation results of the wave and current patterns after the offshore wind turbines were established shows that the underwater foundation only affected the local area near the pile structure. The wind farm (code E) of the research case can be equipped with about 720 cage cultures; if this is extended to other wind farms in the western sea area, it should be possible to produce economic-scale farming operations such as offshore wind power and fisheries. However, this study did not consider the future operation of the entire offshore wind farm. If the operation and maintenance of offshore wind farms are not affected, and if the consent of the developer is obtained, it should be possible to use this method to provide economically large-scale farming areas as a mutually beneficial method for offshore wind power generation and fisheries.

Offshore wind takes off in China and Taiwan

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Electricity Systems

Subject Offshore wind power in China and Taiwan. Significance The world’s first offshore wind hubs outside of northern Europe are being established in China and Taiwan as the cost of offshore wind moves towards subsidy-free levels. Impacts Rapid expansion of offshore wind will put pressure on distribution and transmission firms to integrate wind into their electricity systems. The development of mature Asian supply chains will make offshore wind increasingly affordable for other Asian countries. Floating wind farms will increase the sea depths in which offshore turbines can be constructed and thus the available resources.

scholarly journals Study on the total reactive compensation method of offshore wind farm

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Feng Peilei ◽  
Wu Hesong ◽  
Zhang Mingsheng ◽  
Wan Wenkni
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Reactive Compensation

Wind power generation is one of the most mature and most developed conditions for power generation in new energy generation technology.Large capacity and long distance offshore wind power is the trend of future wind power development.Wind power generation is one of the most mature and commercialized power generation methods in the field of renewable energy utilization.Due to the rich characteristics of offshore wind resources and the urgent need for offshore wind power development projects all over the world, the transmission and interconnection of large-scale offshore wind farms has become a hot topic in the development and research of wind power.This paper focuses on the analysis of the reactive power compensation methods for offshore wind farms, and provides a reference for the construction of offshore wind farms.

scholarly journals Assessment of Energy Use and Elimination of Co2 Emissions in the Life Cycle of an Offshore Wind Power Plant Farm

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Tomporowski ◽  
Józef Flizikowski ◽  
Marek Opielak ◽  
Robert Kasner ◽  
Weronika Kruszelnicka
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Wind Power Plants

Abstract Power stations in marine locations cause multi-faceted impact on the environment, man and the economy. There are not many studies devoted to modeling energy benefits for CO2 emissions. The paper presents the issues of assessing the efficiency of offshore wind farms, defined as the ratio of benefits to life cycle inputs. The scientific goal was to develop a mathematical model for efficiency in the design, manufacture, use and management of offshore wind power. The papers practical purpose is the experimental designation of the impact of selected post-use management methods, time of use and maritime location, i.e. average annual productivity of wind power plants on the efficiency of energy benefits from greenhouse gas emissions. The mathematical model of the integrated cost-benefit ratio has been developed for energy use assessment, taking into account the benefits generated by electricity production and the life-cycle CO2 emissions based on the LCA analysis using the CML method. Mathematical model validation was performed by determining the value of the indicator for an existing 2 MW offshore wind farm and comparatively for fossil fuel production: lignite, stone, fuel oil and natural gas. Analytical and research work carried out showed that the higher the efficiency index, the higher the value of the indicator. It has been shown that the location of the power station at sea produces more favorable CO2 elimination rates, due to higher productivity compared to in-land wind power plants. A more favorable form of post-consumer management for CO2 has been determined as recycling. It was found that for electricity generated from offshore wind farms, the value of the energy efficiency benefit from CO2 emissions is higher than for fossil fuel energy production.

scholarly journals Evolution of the HVDC Link Connecting Offshore Wind Farms to Onshore Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Ryndzionek ◽  
Łukasz Sienkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Wind Power Plants

This paper presents an overview of the DC link development and evolution dedicated to HVDC structure for connecting offshore wind power plants to onshore power systems. The growing demand for the green energy has forced investors in power industry to look for resources further out at sea. Hence, the development of power electronics and industrial engineering has enabled offshore wind farms to be situated further from the shore and in deeper waters. However, their development will require, among other technologies, DC-DC conversion systems. The advantages of HVDC over HVAC technology in relation to transmission distance are given. The different HVDC configurations and topologies of HVDC converters are elucidated. In this context, the HVDC grids are a promising alternative for the expansion of the existing AC grid.

scholarly journals Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Sánchez ◽  
José-Santos López-Gutiérrez ◽  
Vicente Negro ◽  
M. Dolores Esteban
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
General View ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
Dimensional Parameters

Renewable energies are the future, and offshore wind is undoubtedly one of the renewable energy sources for the future. Foundations of offshore wind turbines are essential for its right development. There are several types: monopiles, gravity-based structures, jackets, tripods, floating support, etc., being the first ones that are most used up to now. This manuscript begins with a review of the offshore wind power installed around the world and the exposition of the different types of foundations in the industry. For that, a database has been created, and all the data are being processed to be exposed in clear graphic summarizing the current use of the different foundation types, considering mainly distance to the coast and water depth. Later, the paper includes an analysis of the evolution and parameters of the design of monopiles, including wind turbine and monopile characteristics. Some monomials are considered in this specific analysis and also the soil type. So, a general view of the current state of monopile foundations is achieved, based on a database with the offshore wind farms in operation.

Planning and Operation of Large Offshore Wind Farms in Areas with Limited Power Transfer Capacity

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Olav Giæver Tande ◽  
Magnus Korpås ◽  
Kjetil Uhlen
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Power Installation ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Power System Operation ◽  
Wind Power Installation

At many locations with excellent wind conditions the wind farm development is hindered by grid issues. Conservative assumptions are often applied that unnecessarily limits the wind power installation. This paper shows that significantly more wind power can be allowed by taking proper account of the wind power characteristics and facilitating coordinated power system operation. A systematic approach is developed for assessing grid integration of wind farms subject to grid congestions. The method is applied to a case of connecting offshore wind farms to regional grid with hydro generation (380 MW) and loads (75–350 MW). The tie to the main grid is via a corridor with limited capacity (420 MW). With conservative assumptions (i.e. no changes in scheduled hydro generation or control of wind power output) the wind power installation is limited to 115 MW. The system operation is simulated on an hourly basis for multiple years taking into account the stochastic variations of wind speed and hydro inflow as well as the geographical distribution of wind farms. The simulation uses a control strategy for coordinated power system operation that maximises wind penetration. By using the developed methodology the wind power capacity can be increased from 115 MW to at least 600 MW with relatively little income reduction from energy sales compared to a case with unlimited grid capacity. It is concluded that coordinated operation allows for the integration of surprisingly large amounts of wind power. In order to realize the increase in transfer capability, it is essential to take account of the power system flexibility and the stochastic and dispersed nature of wind power. The presented methodology facilitates this and represents a rational approach for power system planning of wind farms.

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