scholarly journals Investigating the Effect of Disturbance on Prey Consumption in Captive Congo Caecilians Herpele squalostoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-715
Author(s):  
Kimberley C. Carter ◽  
Léa Fieschi-Méric ◽  
Francesca Servini ◽  
Mark Wilkinson ◽  
David J. Gower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Nitrogenous Waste ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

Maintaining Gymnophiona in captivity provides opportunities to study the behaviour and life-history of this poorly known Order, and to investigate and provide species-appropriate welfare guidelines, which are currently lacking. This study focuses on the terrestrial caecilian Herpele squalostoma to investigate its sensitivity to disturbances associated with routine husbandry needed for monitoring and maintaining adequate wellbeing in captivity. Fossorial caecilians gradually pollute their environment in captivity with waste products, and substrate must be replaced at intervals; doing so disturbs the animals directly and via destruction of burrow networks. As inappetence is frequently associated with stress in amphibians, the percentage consumption of offered food types, river shrimp (Palaemon varians) and brown crickets (Gryllus assimilis), was measured as an indicator of putative stress following three routine substrate changes up to 297 days post-substrate change. Mean daily variation in substrate temperatures were also recorded in order to account for environmental influences on food consumption, along with nitrogenous waste in tank substrate prior to a substrate change and fresh top soil in order to understand the trade-off between dealing with waste accumulation and disturbing animals. We found a significant negative effect of substrate disturbance on food intake, but no significant effect of prey type. Variations in daily soil temperatures did not have a significant effect on food intake, but mean substrate temperature did. Additionally, substrate nitrogenous waste testing indicated little difference between fresh and tank substrate. In conclusion, this study provides a basis from which to develop further welfare assessment for this and other rarely kept and rarely observed terrestrial caecilian species.

Anorexia Nervosa and Depression in a Woman Blind since the Age of Nine Months

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 469-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford W. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Older Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atypical Presentation ◽  
History Of

A woman aged 58 who has been blind since the age of nine months presented with major depression and a 40 year history of an eating disorder characterized by a restriction of food intake and body disparagement. The case is additional evidence that a specifically visual body image is not essential for the development of anorexia nervosa and supports the view that the concept of body image is unnecessary and unproductive in eating disorders. Greater emphasis should be placed on attitudes and feelings toward the body, and the possibility of an eating disorder should be considered in cases of older women with an atypical presentation.

Observations on Two Species of Pseudoscorpions

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert W. Levi
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
History Of

Very few papers have been published on the life history of pseudoscorpions. The literature has been summarized by Kätner (1927), J. C. Chamberlin (1931), Beier (1932) and Roewer (1936-1940). The following contributions are based upon observation of two species of pseudoscorpions which were kept in captivity.I should like to give sincere thanks to Dr. J. C. Chamberlin for reading the paper and giving valuable suggestions, to Dr. C. C. Hoff for determining the chernetid pseudoscorpions, to Mrs. Rosalie Rogers Talbert for assistance in maintaining and feeding the pseudoscorpions; and to my wife who has aided in the work.

Nutritional Assessment of the Handicapped Child

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
William H. Dietz ◽  
Linda Bandini
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Case History ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Pathologic Fracture ◽  
Handicapped Child ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Spastic Quadriplegia ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Pain

CASE HISTORY G.R. is a 7-year-old boy with spastic quadriplegia evident since birth and a seizure disorder for which he currently is being treated with phenobarbitol and phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin). His medical history includes a pathologic fracture of his right femur. At the time of his fracture, a radiograph of his femur was described as "markedly osteoporotic." He is currently being treated with 1200 IU of vitamin D. His diet as presented is balanced with respect to nutrients. Although spillage is not substantial, eating requires great effort, and each meal lasts approximately 1 hour. He is fed breakfast and supper at home by his mother and lunch in school. There is no history of pain with food intake, no vomiting, and no diarrhea. He weighs 14 kg (far below the 5th percentile), and his length is 112 (at the 5th percentile). His weight for height is far less than the 5th percentile. His mother is 157.5 cm (5 ft 2 in) tall and his father is 167.5 cm (5 ft 6 in) tall. His midarm circumference is 154 mm (less than the 5th percentile), his triceps skinfold is 5 mm (5th percentile), and his midarm muscle circumference is 138 mm (less than the 5th percentile).

The effect of soil temperature and light on sprouting and rooting of root cuttings of hybrid aspen clones

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2671-2678 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Stenvall ◽  
T Haapala ◽  
S Aarlahti ◽  
P Pulkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Hybrid Aspen ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Dark Treatment ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Better Than

Root cuttings from five clones of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx.) obtained from 2-year-old stock plants were grown in a peat–sand mixture (soil) at four soil temperatures (18, 22, 26, and 30 °C). Half of the cuttings were grown in light and the rest in darkness. The root cuttings that were grown at the highest soil temperature sprouted and rooted significantly better than the cuttings grown at the lower temperatures. Light did not affect the sprouting of root cuttings but did have a negative effect on their rooting. Moreover, the clones varied significantly in sprouting and rooting percentages, as well as in the time required for sprouting. In general, higher soil temperatures hastened sprouting of the cuttings. Sprouting was also faster in the light than in the dark treatment. Differences in soil temperature, light conditions, or clone had no significant effect on rooting time.

scholarly journals ГИС-ПОДХОД ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ ВЛИЯНИЯ ОБЫЧНЫХ И СДВОЕННЫХ КОЛЕС НА ТВЕРДОСТЬ ПОЧВЫ

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 73-100
Author(s):  
A. V. Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Surface Character ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Negative Effect

<p>GIS-APPROACH application has allowed establishing that usual wheels of machine-tractor units carry out considerable influence on soil which exceeds visible borders of a track of wheels on the dimensions. This influence shows in augmentation of soil penetration resistance at 100-155 % in comparison with the control on depth of 0-10 cm and on 20-30 % on depth of 45-50 %. It is impossible to exclude that influence of wheels proceeds more deeply, than tests have been conducted. Critical for cultivated plants value of soil penetration resistance in 3 MPa under the influence of usual wheels of agricultural machinery comes nearer practically to a surface. Character of profile changes of hardness in various regions influences of wheels allows assuming the long season of a relaxation of soil for achievement of background values of soil penetration resistance. The further researches are necessary for an establishment of concrete indicators of dynamics. Negative influence of an overstocking does not confine only deterioration of conditions of growth of assemblages of rootlets of plants. Infringement of processes of moving of moisture in the soil, the accelerated evaporation and the slowed down processes of a filtration and an infiltration, destruction of modular frame, activization of erosive processes is possible. The understanding of these processes will give the chance volume understanding of real influence of running systems of machine-tractor devices on bedrock. Region intensive influence of dual wheels is circumscribed by the top soil layers (0-15 cm). The major feature of influence of dual wheels is absence of an overstocking above critical levels. It is impossible to exclude possible positive influence of moderate inspissations of soil under the influence of dual wheels for growth of agricultural crops and moisture conservation in soil. The cumulative negative effect on soil crossed vehicles traces is probable. The long season of a relaxation of soil after anthropogenic transformation can create a network of traces of vehicles in the field. In region crossings of traces negative effects considerably increase.</p> <p><em>Keywords: hardness of bedrock, GIS-TECHNOLOGY, technique influence</em></p>

Abstract P067: Association of Number of Eating Episodes per Day with Blood Pressure: INTERMAP Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghadeer S Aljuraiban ◽  
Queenie Chan ◽  
Ian Brown ◽  
Martha Daviglus ◽  
Jeremiah Stamler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health History ◽  
Special Diet ◽  
Meal Timing ◽  
History Of

Background: Greater meal frequency per day may relate favorably to blood pressure (BP) levels of individuals. Aims: Explore associations of BP with frequency of food intake and meal timing among American participants of the INTERMAP Study. Whether differential nutrient intakes are contributing to observed BP differences is also explored. Methods: The INTERMAP Study is a cross-sectional epidemiologic investigation of 4,680 men and women ages 40–59 years in China, Japan, United Kingdom and United States (US). Data include findings from four 24-hour dietary recalls, two 24-hour urine collections, 8 BP measurements and health history questionnaires. Meals and snacks will be referred to as “eating episodes” (EP), where an eating episode is an intake of energy separated from the previous intake of food by a period of time. Results: Among 2,195 US participants, mean number of EP was 5.8 (SD 1.7) and average energy/EP was 423.0 kcal (SD 160.6) per day. About 57% of participants had less than 6 EP per day and had significantly higher systolic BP (SBP) compared to 43% of participants having 6 or more EP per day (119.3 mmHg, SD 13.9 vs. 117.7 mmHg, SD 13.9 P=0.01). Mean energy/EP, adjusted for sex, age, population sample and body mass index (BMI), was significantly higher among those having less than 6 EP per day then those with 6 or more EP per day (P<0.0001). Association of average number of EP with SBP was consistently negative in linear regression models adjusted for energy, sex, age, BMI, special diet, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and family history of hypertension (b=−0.04, P=0.04). Conclusions: Smaller more frequent intake of meals/snacks relates favorably to BP levels. Several mechanisms may be involved, e.g., improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, with spreading food intake throughout the day.

Growth of Populus tremuloides in association with Calamagrostis canadensis

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon M Landhäusser ◽  
Victor J Lieffers
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Root Competition ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Regime ◽  
Calamagrostis Canadensis ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Biomass Plant ◽  
Root Collar

Three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. on the growth of Populus tremuloides Michx. Containerized seedlings of P. tremuloides were transplanted into large pots and subjected to (1) three soil temperatures (20, 12, and 6°C), (2) root competition with C. canadensis, or (3) presence or absence of C. canadensis litter, each at two nutrient regimes. In the first experiment, significant differences (p = 0.0001) in pre- and neo-formed leaf area and root and shoot dry weights were observed for plants subjected to the three different soil temperatures. In experiment two, the presence of C. canadensis significantly (p < 0.001) reduced total biomass, plant height, and root collar calliper of P. tremuloides. In the third experiment, a significant interaction (p = 0.027) between C. canadensis litter and nutrient regime was observed, with the greatest inhibitory effect on P. tremuloides growth resulting from litter at the low nutrient regime. Low soil temperature had the strongest negative effect on P. tremuloides of the four factors investigated. However, direct competition with C. canadensis, low nutrient conditions, and C. canadensis litter likely would add to the growth suppression of P. tremuloides by this grass. The results of this study have significant implications for the management of P. tremuloides after harvesting.

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