scholarly journals Does Rural Production–Living–Ecological Spaces Have a Preference for Regional Endowments? A Case of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1265
Author(s):  
Peng Zeng ◽  
Sihui Wu ◽  
Zongyao Sun ◽  
Yujia Zhu ◽  
Yuqi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Boosted Regression Tree ◽  
Ecological Awareness

Production–Living–Ecological Space (PLES) is the functional projection of sustainable development in territory spatial planning. Its rational layout has become the most important task for developing countries to enhance ecological awareness and achieve sustainable goals. This study took the rural areas of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) as an example to analyze the relationship by means of quantitative cumulation between regional endowments (natural factors, location and facilities) and PLES to figure out the preference mechanism. The Boosted Regression Tree model (BRT) was used to obtain the contribution rate of factors and the internal marginal effect between 1980~2018. Our conclusions are as follows: Living space (LS) enjoyed the highest advantage of regional endowment level, followed by production space (PS). Except for the distance to water, other indicators were significantly different in the PLES, and the suitable range of various types was expanded from LS to PS and ecological space (ES). During the transfer, elevation had a universal effect. The process of increasing naturalness was affected by the distance of high-level urban areas, which verified the continuous effect of Chinese ecological civilization. This study clarified the selectivity of regional endowments to PLES, which will greatly guide the direction of regional territory spatial planning and the next step of regional sustainable development.

scholarly journals Cooling Island Effect of Blue-Green Corridors: Quantitative Comparison of Morphological Impacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11917
Author(s):  
Yunfang Jiang ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Tiemao Shi ◽  
Xiaolin Li
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Cooling Effects ◽  
Green Corridor ◽  
Green Corridors

The patterns of green corridors in urban riverfront districts provide different synergistic cooling effects of blue-green space in urban areas. The purpose of this study is to quantify the spatial morphological impact of green corridors in riverfront block-scale area on the cooling effect. Three representative patterns (radiate, grid and dendritic) were selected in the study. The comprehensive influences analysis between multi-dimensional factors of spatial structure and morphology of green corridors and Ta (air temperature) distribution are processed by Envi-met4.4.5 simulation data and statistical analysis methods, such as regression tree model (BRT), were combined. The results showed that the D (distance from riverbank) has the greatest impact on the cooling effect of each belt green space. The D in the range of 600–750 m was affected by the cooling effect of blue-green space; The orientation with parallel to (southeast–northwest) or roughly the same as the prevailing wind direction (north–south) green corridors had relatively better cooling effect. When the width of green corridor was 20–25 m, the ME (marginal effect) of cooling was the largest; at 30–35 m (corridor width), the overall ME of cooling was the best; When the dPC (decreased probability connectivity, here the index was adapted to describe the connectivity degree) of green corridors was in the range of 0.5–1.5, the cooling effect of green corridor could be significantly improved. When dPC is 1.5, its marginal effect on temperature reached the maximum. The study provided a quantitative correlation technology for the morphological influence of blue-green on the distribution of UCI (urban cooling island), which can guide the spatial layout control of green corridors in the planning and design of urban riverfront district.

scholarly journals A global bibliometric perspective on soil erosion modelling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nejc Bezak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conference Proceedings ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Boosted Regression Tree ◽  
Field Activity ◽  
Erosion Modelling ◽  
Meta Information ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
Regression Tree Model

<p>Systematic bibliometric investigations are useful to evaluate and compare the scientific impact of journal papers, book chapters and conference proceedings. Such studies allow the detection of emerging research topics, the analyses of cooperation networks, and the collection of in-depth insights into a specific research topic. In the presented work, we carried out a bibliometric study in order to obtain an in-depth knowledge on soil erosion modelling applications worldwide.</p><p>As a starting point, we used the soil erosion modelling meta-analysis data collection generated by the authors of this abstract in a joint community effort. This database contains meta-information of more than 3,000 documents published between 1994 and 2018 that are indexed in the SCOPUS database. The documents were reviewed and database entries verified. The database contains various types of meta-information about the modelling studies (e.g., model used, study area, input data, calibration, etc.). The bibliometric information was also included in the database (e.g., number of citations, type of publication, Scopus category, etc.). We investigated differences among publication types and differences between papers published in journals that are part of various Scopus categories. Moreover, relationships between publication CiteScore, number of authors, and number of citations were analyzed. A boosted regression tree model was used to detect the relative impact of the selected meta-information such as erosion model used, spatial modelling scale, study period, field activity on the total number of citations. Detailed investigation of the most cited papers was also conducted. The VOSviewer software was used to analyze citations, co-citations, bibliographic coupling, and co-authorship networks of the database entries.  </p><p>Our bibliometric investigations demonstrated that journal publications, on average, receive more citations than book series or conference proceedings. There were differences among the erosion models used, and some specific models such as the WaTEM/SEDEM model, on average, receive more citations than other models (e.g., USLE). It should also be noted that self-citation rates in case of most frequently used models were similar. Global studies, on average, receive more citations than studies dealing with plot, regional, or national scales. According to the boosted regression tree model, model calibration, validation, or field activity do not have significant impact on the obtained publication citations. Co-citation investigation revealed some interesting patterns. Our results also indicate that papers about soil erosion modeling also attract citations from different fields and better international cooperation is needed to advance this field of research with regard to its visibility and impact on human societies.    </p>

scholarly journals University collaboration for co-designing sustainable urban areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Peter Čajka ◽  
Veronica Grebennikova ◽  
Hoang Manh Trung Vu ◽  
Van Tran Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Our article tackles the timely and important issue of the university collaboration aimed at shaping up the sustainable urban areas and contributing to their development through the teaching and research. Universities provided qualified labour force, yield novel research solutions and act as hubs for entrepreneurial activity in urban areas. In this article, we show that even though most of the universities are concentrated in large urban centres and capital regions, many of them are located in small rural areas and have a profound effect on them. We also demonstrate the impact of universities on the sustainable development which is done through the sustainable education as well as the R&D approaches. These effects are very relevant for the co-designing of sustainable rural areas that can follow the principles of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and the green policies imposed by the majority of the local and central governments around the world.

scholarly journals Solar PV Tree: Shade-Free Design and Cost Analysis Considering Indian Scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varaprasad JANAMALA
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Basketball Court ◽  
The Cost

In this paper, the performance and the cost-effectiveness of a solar PV tree for supplying the energy demand of a flood lighting system at a basketball court in the School of Engineering and Technology, Christ (Deemed to be University) at Bangalore, India, are analyzed. Also, the energy demand of a flood lighting system for year 2017 is estimated (16 kWh/day), and the design of 4 individual trees of 1 kWp each is proposed, which saves around 40 sq.m area of land near to the basketball court. The experimental data was collected from June 1st, 2018 to May 31st, 2019, using a data acquisition system and processed to calculate the monthly cost of energy produced by each tree. In order to reduce the complexity in design and allow it to be shade-free, all the panels of a tree were oriented at the same azimuth angle. Based on technical and economical assessments with respect to rooftop systems, the solar PV tree presented reasonable results and could be a future adoptable technology for high population density areas, as well as for remote applications. Later, the adoptability of the proposed solar PV tree was simulated for 2 kWp, considering the climatic conditions of 2020, for different rural and urban locations of India. From the techno-economic-environmental analysis, it is highlighted that the annual energy yield is more with the solar PV tree model than with a land-mounted SPV system. The cost savings and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction are also higher with the proposed oak tree-based solar PV tree in urban areas than in rural areas recommending it for practical applications.

scholarly journals Prawne aspekty ochrony przed hałasem na obszarach wiejskich

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Justyna Goździewicz-Biechońska
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Intervention Measures

The aim of the deliberations presented was an attempt to assess the legal system of the regulation concerning the protection of the environment against noise in rural areas, and to answer the question to what extent the current legislation takes into account the specificity of noise threats occurring in rural areas and whether it provides for an effective and adequate system of instruments for the protection of the acoustic climate of the rural environment. In the conclusion the author states that the specificity of noise prevention in rural areas has been adequately taken into account, despite a clear focus of the regulation put on noise in urban areas. However, the potential of taking a qualitative approach to noise prevention in rural areas or implementing legal instruments for the protection of areas with good acoustic climate, e.g. quiet areas, still remains unexploited, and noise intervention measures continue to be insufficiently included in spatial planning.

scholarly journals Spatial Downscaling of GRACE TWSA Data to Identify Spatiotemporal Groundwater Level Trends in the Upper Floridan Aquifer, Georgia, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 2756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milewski ◽  
Thomas ◽  
Seyoum ◽  
Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Boosted Regression Tree ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Floridan Aquifer ◽  
Upper Floridan Aquifer ◽  
Spatial Downscaling

Accurate assessments of groundwater resources in major aquifers across the globe are crucial for sustainable management of freshwater reservoirs. Observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite have become invaluable as a means to identify regions groundwater change. While there is a large body of research that focuses on downscaling coarse (1°) GRACE products, few studies have attempted to spatially downscale GRACE to produce fine resolution (5 km) maps that are more useful to resource managers. This study trained a boosted regression tree model to statistically downscale GRACE total water storage anomaly to monthly 5 km groundwater level anomaly maps in the karstic upper Floridan aquifer (UFA) using multiple hydrologic datasets. Evaluation of spatial predictions with existing groundwater wells indicated satisfactory performance (R = 0.79, NSE = 0.61). Results demonstrate that groundwater levels were stable between 2002–2016 but varied seasonally. The data also highlights areas where groundwater pumping is exacerbating UFA water-level declines. While results demonstrate the applicability of machine learning based methods for spatial downscaling of GRACE data, future studies should account for preferential flowpaths (i.e., conduits, lineaments) in karstic systems.

scholarly journals Case Fatality Ratio Estimates for the 2013–2016 West African Ebola Epidemic: Application of Boosted Regression Trees for Imputation

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2476-2483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alpha Forna ◽  
Pierre Nouvellet ◽  
Ilaria Dorigatti ◽  
Christl A Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
West African ◽  
Boosted Regression Trees ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Boosted Regression Tree ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio ◽  
Out Of Sample

Abstract Background The 2013–2016 West African Ebola epidemic has been the largest to date with >11 000 deaths in the affected countries. The data collected have provided more insight into the case fatality ratio (CFR) and how it varies with age and other characteristics. However, the accuracy and precision of the naive CFR remain limited because 44% of survival outcomes were unreported. Methods Using a boosted regression tree model, we imputed survival outcomes (ie, survival or death) when unreported, corrected for model imperfection to estimate the CFR without imputation, with imputation, and adjusted with imputation. The method allowed us to further identify and explore relevant clinical and demographic predictors of the CFR. Results The out-of-sample performance (95% confidence interval [CI]) of our model was good: sensitivity, 69.7% (52.5–75.6%); specificity, 69.8% (54.1–75.6%); percentage correctly classified, 69.9% (53.7–75.5%); and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 76.0% (56.8–82.1%). The adjusted CFR estimates (95% CI) for the 2013–2016 West African epidemic were 82.8% (45.6–85.6%) overall and 89.1% (40.8–91.6%), 65.6% (61.3–69.6%), and 79.2% (45.4–84.1%) for Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia, respectively. We found that district, hospitalisation status, age, case classification, and quarter (date of case reporting aggregated at three-month intervals) explained 93.6% of the variance in the naive CFR. Conclusions The adjusted CFR estimates improved the naive CFR estimates obtained without imputation and were more representative. Used in conjunction with other resources, adjusted estimates will inform public health contingency planning for future Ebola epidemics, and help better allocate resources and evaluate the effectiveness of future inventions.

Do We Need To Promote Public Transport For Sustainable Development With Reference To Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS)?: A Case Of Jaipur Metro Rail Project In Rajasthan

GIS Business ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 310-323
Author(s):  
Dr. Mahendra Parihar
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Long Run

Population of our country is growing at alarming rate. Population of urban areas are growing faster than rural areas given the emerging of economic activities in cities. With the migration of rural population to urban areas for various reasons resulting into increase in lots of issues and problems in urban areas. Although, our governments at Centre level and State levels are putting lots of efforts and trying their best to resolve many of the issues of growing urban areas but somehow it seems that their efforts are falling short to solve those problems. On other hand, with continuous increase in population of urban areas, some of those problems are becoming worsen and leading to emergence of another problems. It is said that if something will not be done on urgent basis to save those urban areas and cities, it will be too late to achieve national goals especially relating to sustainable development. Therefore, to make our cities and urban areas to sustain for long run especially for future generations, it is need of hour to look at those specific issues such as transport, infrastructure, pollution, housing, sanitation, congestion, illiteracy, migration, etc. very carefully and try to resolve as early as possible. But among those mentioned issues, transportation problem (which include congestion, pollution, traffic mix, fuel consumption, high travel time, low productivity, slow traffic movement, etc.) is one of the major problem of cities in today’s context and putting financial burden on national economy in many ways.

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