Fraction Ball: Playful and Physically Active Fraction and Decimal Learning

This study tested a novel approach to capitalizing on the benefits of play for informal math learning. Two experiments evaluated a platform called “Fraction Ball”, that provides an embodied, playful, and physically active learning experience by modifying the lines on a basketball court to support rational number learning. In the Pilot Experiment, 69 5th-6th graders were randomly assigned to play a set of 4 different Fraction Ball games or attend normal physical education (PE) class and completed rational number pretests and posttests. After strategic improvements to expand the intervention, the same protocol was implemented in the Efficacy Experiment with 160 4th-6th graders. Playing Fraction Ball for 4 PE class periods (Pilot Experiment) improved students’ ability to convert fractions to decimals. Playing a revised version of 6 different Fraction Ball games for 6 PE class periods (Efficacy Experiment) significantly improved children’s rational number understanding as reflected by higher scores in overall accuracy, with positive impacts on several subtests. Fraction Ball represents a low-cost, highly scalable intervention that promotes math learning in a fun and engaging approach.

Influence of Augmented Probabilistic Information on Defensive Motor Behaviors of 1 vs. 1 Basketball Play

In this study we assessed the contribution of augmented probabilistic information on the motor behavior of novice defenders during 1 vs. 1 basketball play. More specifically, we aimed to investigate the influence of different probabilities of attacks to the basket (Level 1: High-probability of a single attack action; Level 2: Equal probability of two attack actions; Level 3: No-probability of an attack) on defensive reactions and their efficacy. Twenty-six novice participants volunteered and were assigned into three groups, based on their reaction time performance. Each participant performed 10 trials defending against typical basket attacks on a standard basketball court. Three experimental groups were primed regarding the probabilities of two forms of attack, either shooting at the basket or dribbling-past the defender (Group 1: 80% vs 20%; Group 2: 50% vs 50%; Group 3: No-probability of attack). Participants reacted earlier and with greater accuracy in the high-probability condition (80% vs 20%), than in the remaining conditions. We found that, in absence of kinematic information about their opponents, novice basketball players may have relied on the prior information we provided regarding an opponents’ preferred actions during 1 vs. 1 basketball play. The provision of probabilistic information could be used as a training strategy to guide the defensive motor behaviors of novice basketball players when facing their counterparts in ball possession by favoring the use of anticipatory information to react earlier and successfully to the opponents’ actions.

Return to Basketball Play Following COVID-19 Lockdown

Due to concerns regarding the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19), major sporting events and activities have been temporarily suspended or postponed, and a new radical sports protocol has emerged. For most sports there are few recommendations based on scientific evidence for returning to team-game activities following the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions, the extended duration of lockdown, and self-training or detraining in the COVID-19 environment, and this is especially true for basketball. A post-lockdown return to the basketball court ultimately depends on the teams—coaches, trainers, players, and medical staff. Nevertheless, our current scientific knowledge is evidently insufficient as far as safety and return-to-play timing are concerned. This situation presents a major challenge to basketball competition in terms of organization, prioritization, maintaining physical fitness, and decision-making. While preparing an adequate basketball return program, the players’ health is the major priority. In this article we briefly discuss the topic and propose multiple strategies.

Solar PV Tree: Shade-Free Design and Cost Analysis Considering Indian Scenario

In this paper, the performance and the cost-effectiveness of a solar PV tree for supplying the energy demand of a flood lighting system at a basketball court in the School of Engineering and Technology, Christ (Deemed to be University) at Bangalore, India, are analyzed. Also, the energy demand of a flood lighting system for year 2017 is estimated (16 kWh/day), and the design of 4 individual trees of 1 kWp each is proposed, which saves around 40 sq.m area of land near to the basketball court. The experimental data was collected from June 1st, 2018 to May 31st, 2019, using a data acquisition system and processed to calculate the monthly cost of energy produced by each tree. In order to reduce the complexity in design and allow it to be shade-free, all the panels of a tree were oriented at the same azimuth angle. Based on technical and economical assessments with respect to rooftop systems, the solar PV tree presented reasonable results and could be a future adoptable technology for high population density areas, as well as for remote applications. Later, the adoptability of the proposed solar PV tree was simulated for 2 kWp, considering the climatic conditions of 2020, for different rural and urban locations of India. From the techno-economic-environmental analysis, it is highlighted that the annual energy yield is more with the solar PV tree model than with a land-mounted SPV system. The cost savings and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction are also higher with the proposed oak tree-based solar PV tree in urban areas than in rural areas recommending it for practical applications.

The Influence of Antenna Height on the Measurement of Collective Variables Using an Ultra-Wide Band Based Local Positioning System in Team Sports

Ultra-wide band (UWB) based local positioning systems (LPS) are based on devices and a portable antenna set. The optimal installation height of the antennae is crucial to ensure data accuracy. Collective variables are metrics that consider at least two pairs of coordinates, which may lead to lower precision than an individual one. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the influence of antenna height with collective metrics using a UWB (i.e., IMU; WIMU PRO™, RealTrack Systems, Almeria, Spain) based LPS. Data acquisition was carried out in a basketball court measuring 28 × 15 m. Five devices were used; one of which was carried by a healthy and well-trained athlete (age: 38 years, mass: 76.34 kg, height 1.70 m), while each of the remaining four was positioned on a tripod in one of the four corners of the court. Four kinds of variables were extracted: (1) static distances, (2) dynamic distances, (3) static areas and (4) dynamic areas in all antenna installation modes of 0.15, 1.30 and 2.00 m. The results showed that the antenna of 1.30 m provided better accuracy for all measures (% difference range from −0.94 to 1.17%) followed by the antenna of 2.00 m (% difference range from −2.50 to 2.15%), with the antenna of 0.15 m providing the worst accuracy level (% difference range from −1.05 to 3.28%). Overall, the measurements of distance metrics showed greater accuracy than area metrics (distance % difference range from −0.85 to 2.81% and area % difference range from −2.50 to 3.28). In conclusion, the height of the antennae in basketball courts should be similar to the height at which the devices are attached to a player’s upper back. However, as the precision is sensitive to the magnitude of the measure, further studies should assess the effects of the relative height of antennae in team sports with greater playing spaces.

Pengaruh Latihan Squat Thrust dan Throw Ball Medicine Terhadap Kemampuan Jauhnya Lemparan Chest Pass Bola Basket Ekstrakurikuler SMPN 22 Putri Hijau Bengkulu Utara

This study aims to determine the effect of Squat Thrust Training and Throw Ball Medicine on the Ability of the Throwing Basketball Chest Pass. This research was conducted on the basketball court of SMP Negeri 22 Putri Hijau North Bengkulu. in students who take basketball extracurricular. This study uses an experimental method, the design used is the design of one group pretest - posttest that is pretest before given treatment and posttest after being treated. The treatment given there are two forms of exercise namely Squat Thrust and Throw Ball Medicine. This design requires one group without comparison groups. The population in this study amounted to 25 students, sample selection using total sampling where the entire population was taken as a research sample. Data collection techniques in this study with the direct test method that is using the basketball throw test. Statistical prerequisite tests meet homogeneous requirements and normally distributed data based on statistical calculations obtained from the data t count = 8.803> t table = 2.064 with the level ? = 0.05. in the Test of the contribution of Squat Thrust and Throw ball medicine by 18.32% The results of this study indicate that there is an influence between squat thrust training and throw ball medicine on the ability of the extracurricular basketball chest throws of SMP Negeri 22 Putri Hijau North Bengkulu, so it can be concluded that Squat training Thrust and Throw Ball Medicine affect the distance of the chest pass and can be used as a training method to improve student achievement.

ANALISIS PENGUKURAN PARTIKULAT KUALITAS UDARA OUTDOOR DI KAMPUS PSDKU UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA DI BANYUWANGI

Air pollution can be interpreted as the presence of foreign substance or level substance contained in the air, so that it can cause changes in the composition of the air from normal conditions. The presence of pollutants sourced from moving and immovable sources can be in the form of dust particles that can affect the level of air quality in the environment and interfere with human health, so that air quality is measured. The measurement of air quality particulates carried out aims to determine the quality of outdoor air at PSDKU Airlangga University in Banyuwangi. This type of research is descriptive observational research. The method used in sampling is purposive sampling. This research was conducted in 5 locations, namely Sobo basketball court, student parking lot, outdoor student discussion area I, Sobo campus outdoor canteen, and outdoor student discussion area II. The result of measurements of dust particulate levels showed that all places were in the good category, but the student parking lot had the highest average which is equal to 1,572 µ/m3, compared to the other 4 places. Efforts that can be made to overcome the high levels of dust particulates in PSDKU Airlangga University in Banyuwangi include reducing the use of motorized vehicles, as well as always covering the helmet and wearing masks when driving, as well as care free day policies in the campus area.

Short-term effects of adding 1-m wide to each side of the basketball court on youth players’ performance

El propósito de este estudio fue identificar los efectos a corto plazo en las respuestas físicas, técnicas y tácticas de jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto cuando la dimensión de la cancha aumenta 1-m de ancho en cada lado. Catorce jugadores jóvenes participaron en juegos simulados de baloncesto de 5 vs. 5, en dos condiciones diferentes: cancha regular (28x15m) y cancha más amplia (28x17m, 1-m de ancho a cada lado). Además de la evaluación de los indicadores físicos y técnicos, también se utilizaron datos de posición para calcular las siguientes variables: distancia al oponente más cercano, distancia al compañero de equipo más cercano, coeficiente de dispersión del equipo y distancia entre los centroides de los equipos. Los resultados indicaron que, en la condición de cancha más amplia, la dispersión de las trayectorias de movimiento de los jugadores durante la fase ofensiva aumentó, lo que tuvo ligeras repercusiones en sus respuestas físicas y en los patrones de juego de los equipos. En contrapartida, durante la fase defensiva, los jugadores tienden a moverse dentro de las referencias espaciales regulares, independientemente de la manipulación del ancho de la cancha. En general, este estudio enfatiza que los efectos a corto plazo de cambiar las dimensiones de la cancha son relativamente ligeros, lo que sugiere que las restricciones informativas pueden requerir bastante más tiempo para producir cambios concretos en el rendimiento de los jugadores. This study aimed to identify short-term effects in basketball players’ physical responses, technical performance, and tactical behaviour when the court dimension is increased 1-m wide to each side. Fourteen youth players participated in 5 vs. 5 simulated basketball games, under two different conditions: regular court (28x15m) and wider court (28x17m, 1-m wider for each side). Besides the assessment of physical and technical indicators, positional data were also used to compute the following variables: distance to the nearest opponent, distance to the nearest teammate, stretch-index and distance between centroids. Results indicated that in the wider court condition, the dispersion of player’s displacement trajectories during the offensive phase increased, which had slight repercussions on their physical responses and in the teams’ playing patterns. Conversely, during the defensive phase, players tended to move within the regular spatial references, regardless of court width manipulation. Overall, this study emphasizes that short-term effects of changing the court dimensions are relatively negligible, suggesting that informational constraints might require longer time-scales to yield robust changes in players’ performance. Este estudo teve como objectivo identificar os efeitos a curto prazo na performance física, técnica e tática de jovens jogadores de basquetebol, quando a largura do campo é aumentada 1-m para cada lado. Catorze jovens jogadores participaram em jogos simulados de 5 vs. 5, em dois contextos distintos: campo regular (28x17m) e campo amplo (28x17m, 1-m mais largo para ambos os lados). Paralelamente à avaliação de indicadores físicos e técnicos, foram também recolhidos dados posicionais, com o intuito de calcular as seguintes variáveis: distância ao oponente mais próximo, distância ao companheiro de equipa mais próximo, coeficiente de dispersão da equipa e distancia entre os centroides das equipas. Os resultados demonstraram que no contexto de campo amplo, a dispersão das trajetórias de movimento dos jogadores aumentou durante a fase ofensiva, o que acarretou ligeiras repercussões nos perfis físicos e nos padrões de jogo das equipas. Em contrapartida, durante a fase defensiva, os jogadores tendem a mover-se dentro dos referenciais espaciais, independentemente da manipulação do tamanho do campo. No geral, este estudo realçou que os efeitos a curto prazo de alterar as dimensões do campo são pouco expressivos, o que sugere que os constrangimentos de informação podem requerer substancialmente mais tempo para produzir alterações concretas no rendimento dos jogadores.

SEJARAH MADRASAH ALIYAH ANNUR AZZUBAIDI DI DESA LAROWIU KECAMATAN MELUHU KABUPATEN KONAWE (1992-2017)

ABSTRAK: Rumusan tujuan dalam skripsi ini adalah: (1) Untuk menjelaskan latar belakang berdirinya Madrasah Aliyah Annur Azzubaidi di Desa Larowiu Kecamatan Meluhu Kabupaten Konawe (2) Untuk menjelaskan perkembangan Madrasah Aliyah Annur Azzubaidi di Desa Larowiu Kecamatan Meluhu Kabupaten Konawe (1997-2017)? Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah menurut Helius Sjamsuddin yaitu bahwa tata kerja dalam metode sejarah terdiri dari 3 (tiga) tahap, yaitu (1). Pengumpulan Sumber (Heuristik), (2). Kritik Sumber yang terdiri dari kritik eksternal dan kritik internal, dan(3). Penulisan Sejarah (Historiografi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Latar belakang berdirinya Madrasah Aliyah Annur Azzubaidi adalah kondisi anak-anak di sekitar Desa Larowiu yang sangat sulit untuk melanjutkan pendidikan ke jenjang SMA karena pengaruh faktor sarana dan prasarana transportasi yang sulit, tingkat pendapatan masyarakat yang rendah, jarak yang ditempuh untuk melanjutkan sekolah di SMA sangat jauh. (2) Perkembangan Madrasah Aliyah Annur Azzubaidi (1992-2017) adalah: (a) Perkembangan Sarana dan Prasarana Madrasah Aliyah Annur Azzubaidi tahun 1992-2017 adalah diawali dengan 3 ruang kelas dan pada tahun 2017 menjadi 6 ruang kelas, 1 ruang kantor, 1 ruang laboratorium komputer, 1 ruang perpustakaan, 1 gedung terbuka, dan 1 lapangan basket. (b) Perkembangan pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan Madrasah Aliyah Annur Azzubaidi adalah: pada awal didirikannya Madrasah Aliyah Annur Azzubaidi hanya berjumlah 7 orang itupun berstatus honorer, dan pada saat ini jumlah pendidik meningkat karena sudah berjumlah 21 orang yang terdiri dari 2 orang PNS, 1 orang yang sudah sertifikasi, dan 18 orang honorer dan tenaga kependidikan berjumlah 3 orang. (c) Perkembangan peserta didik di Madrasah Aliyah Annur Azzubaidi pada tahun awal berdirinya berjumlah 8 orang, pada tahun 2017-2018 meningkat menjadi 172 orang. Kata Kunci: Perkembangan, Madrasah, Annur Azzubaidi[[ABSTRACT: The purpose of this thesis is: (1) To explain the background of the establishment of Aliyah Annur Azzubaidi Madrasah in Larowiu Village, Meluhu District, Konawe District (2) To explain the development of Aliyah Annur Azzubaidi Madrasah in Meluhu Village, Meluhu District, Konawe District (1997-2017) ? The method used in this study is the historical method according to Helius Sjamsuddin, namely that the work procedure in the historical method consists of 3 (three) stages, namely (1). Collection of Sources (Heuristics), (2). Source criticism consisting of external criticism and internal criticism, and (3). Historical Writing (Historiography). The results showed that: (1) The background of the establishment of Madrasah Aliyah Annur Azzubaidi is the condition of children around Larowiu Village that is very difficult to continue their education to the high school level due to the influence of difficult transportation facilities and infrastructure, low income levels of the community, low distance taken to continue school in high school is very far. (2) The development of Annur Azzubaidi Aliyah Madrasa (1992-2017) is: (a) Development of Facilities and Infrastructure Annur Azzubaidi Aliyah Madrasa in 1992-2017 was started with 3 classrooms and in 2017 became 6 classrooms, 1 office space, 1 computer laboratory room, 1 library room, 1 open building, and 1 basketball court. (b) The development of Educators and Education Personnel of Madrasah Aliyah Annur Azzubaidi are: at the beginning of the establishment of Madrasah Aliyah Annur Azzubaidi there were only 7 people who were also honorary status, and at this time the number of educators increased because there were already 21 people consisting of 2 civil servants, 1 person who have been certified, and 18 honorary and educational staff totaling 3 people. (c) The development of students in Madrasah Aliyah Annur Azzubaidi in the initial year of its establishment numbered 8 people, in 2017-2018 it increased to 172 people.Keywords: Development, Madrasas, Annur Azzubaidi