scholarly journals A Counterfactual Impact Analysis of Fair Use Policy on Copyright Related Industries in Singapore: A Critical Review

Laws ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Ford
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Fair Use ◽  
Private Copying ◽  
Shed Light

In a 2014 article appearing in Laws, Ghafele and Gibert presented evidence on the economic impacts of Singapore’s change in its fair use policies showing a large effect on industries that manufacture goods useful for private copying of copyrighted works and no effect on the copyright industries. As detailed in this Comment, Ghafele and Gibert’s empirical analysis fails to shed light on the consequences of modifications to fair use policies.

scholarly journals Reply to George S. Ford’s ‘A Counterfactual Impact Analysis of Fair Use Policy on Copyright Related Industries in Singapore: A Critical Review’

Laws ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Roya Ghafele
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Fair Use ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Policy Studies ◽  
Fundamental Point ◽  
Technology Industries ◽  
Motion Picture Association

Ford’s ‘Comments (Laws 2018, 7(4), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/laws7040034, https://www.mdpi.com/2075-471X/7/4/34)’ are biased by a partisan approach to the issues at stake and cannot be based on scientific evidence. The article “A Counterfactual Impact Analysis of Fair Use Policy on Copyright Related Industries in Singapore”, which Gibert and Gafelle wrote together nearly a decade ago, came under heavy criticism by George S. Ford from an organization named the Phoenix Centre for Advanced Legal and Economic Public Policy Studies in an article ‘A Counterfactual Impact Analysis of Fair Use Policy on Copyright Related Industries in Singapore: A Critical Review’. (subsequently ‘the fair use study’) The Fair use study was peer reviewed by LAWS and supports the hypothesis that a more flexible fair use policy is correlated with faster growth rates in private copying technology industries and fewer negative consequences than copyright holders may desire to see. The findings of the Fair use study upset Ford as well as a host of different institutions advocating for copyright owners, such as International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organizations; Motion Picture Association; Publishers Association of Australia; New Zealand Society of Authors or Recorded Music NZ-RMNZ. Ford’s article, however, neither contains novel research, nor is it an effort to update this fairly dated analysis, which reflects data nearly twenty years of age. Rather, it is an unnecessary duplication of an old analysis with only some minor modifications, which serve to show that fair use is actually not beneficial to the economy. At the end of this peculiar exercise, Ford himself admits that this analysis is meaningless. The rest of Ford’s article consists of discussing potential limitations of the Fair use study, in a manner which suggests the authors had never disclosed them (which however they had) and thus is misleading. Ford’s most fundamental point of criticism is hinged on a supposed lack of evidence regarding the parallelism assumption, which he himself admits is impossible to offer. Contrary to Ford’s analysis, the Fair use study has the merit of being fully reproducible, which is not the case for Ford’s article. Also, contrary to Ford’s article, the Fair use study has the advantage of carefully drafted limitations and of offering genuine research insights.

scholarly journals Economic Impact of Drought- and Shade-tolerant Bermudagrass Varieties

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanjin Chung ◽  
Tracy A. Boyer ◽  
Marco Palma ◽  
Monika Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Economic Impact Analysis ◽  
New Varieties

This study estimates potential economic impacts of developing drought- and shade-tolerant bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) turf varieties in five southern states: Texas, Florida, Georgia, Oklahoma, and North Carolina. First, estimates are provided for the market-level crop values of the newly developed two varieties for each state. Then, an economic impact analysis is conducted using an input–output model to assess additional output values (direct, indirect, and induced impacts), value added, and employment due to the new varieties. Our results indicate that the two new varieties would offer significant economic impacts for the central and eastern regions of the United States. Under the assumption of full adoption, the two new products would generate $142.4 million of total output, $91.3 million of value added, and 1258 new jobs. When a lower adoption rate is assumed at 20%, the expected economic impacts would generate $28.5 million of output, $18.3 million of value added, and 252 jobs in the region. Our findings quantify the potential economic benefits of development and adoption of new turfgrass varieties with desirable attributes for residential use. The findings suggest that researchers, producers, and policymakers continue their efforts to meet consumers’ needs, and in doing so, they will also reduce municipal water consumption in regions suited to bermudagrass varieties.

scholarly journals Skeneimorph but not skeneid: systematics and anatomy of Lodderena Iredale, 1924 (Vetigastropoda: Trochoidea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Gerhard Haszprunar ◽  
Martin Brückner ◽  
Bernhard Ruthensteiner
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Copulatory Organ ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Molecular Systematic ◽  
Systematic Data ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Shed Light

ABSTRACT The genus Lodderena Iredale, 1924 has been classified in the Skeneidae by most recent authors. However, this family, originally characterized by their minute size, lack of nacre in the teleoconch and a rhipidoglossate radula, is currently considered to be polyphyletic assemblage, and preliminary molecular systematic data suggest exclusion of Lodderena from Skeneidae. In order to shed light on the systematic position of this genus, we provide a detailed description of the anatomy and histology of the type species, Lodderena minima (Tenison-Woods, 1878), and of L. ornata (Olsson & McGinty, 1958). The anatomical data confirm the vetigastropod-trochoid nature of Lodderena but exclude the genus from Skeneidae. Skeneidae are mainly characterized by a propodial penis, a hermaphroditic condition with separated testis and ovary, and a large receptaculum in the mantle roof. In contrast, Lodderena species lack both a copulatory organ and receptaculum, and have a true ovotestis. We also provide a critical review of nominal species in the genus. Based on molecular and morphological evidence, we exclude Lodderena from Skeneidae, instead treating it as a genus incertae sedis within Trochoidea. We discuss the implications of small size for functional morphology and reproduction.

scholarly journals Direct Economic Impact Analysis of the World’s Top Five Busiest Airports in 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Sundaram Nataraja ◽  
Robert Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
International Airport ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Findings

The purpose of this study is to analyze the direct economic impacts of the world’s top five busiest airports in 2018 as they contribute to the economic well-being of the larger communities they serve. This study uses a descriptive case-study methodology since the direct economic impacts of the world’s top five busiest airports are going to be studied in a case-by-case with an intention of reporting the research findings that are not related to specific variables. Amongst the 17,678 commercial service airports in the world, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (USA), Beijing Capital International Airport (Peoples Republic of China), Dubai International Airport (United Arab Emirates), Los Angeles International Airport (USA), and Tokyo Haneda International Airport (Japan) have been ranked respectively as the top five busiest airports in the world on the basis of passenger volume handled in 2018. The research findings indicate that these airports have tremendously benefited their respective communities in terms of employment generation, income generation, and total direct economic impacts. These airports have generated a total of $181.4 billion worth of direct economic benefits to their respective communities and regions.

scholarly journals Access to modern energy: a review of barriers, drivers and impacts

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Bonan ◽  
Stefano Pareglio ◽  
Massimo Tavoni
Keyword(s):  
Time Allocation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Improved Cookstove ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractUniversal access to modern energy services, in terms of access to electricity and to modern cooking facilities, has been recognized as a fundamental challenge for development. Despite strong praise for action and the deployment of large-scale electrification programs and improved cookstove (ICS) distribution campaigns, few studies have shed light on the barriers to, the enablers of and the impacts of access to energy on development outcomes, using rigorous methodologies. This paper reviews this recent strand of research, trying to fill these gaps. The authors focus on the demand-side and household perspective. Their main outcomes of interest are electricity connection and ICS adoption for the analysis of barriers, time allocation, labor market outcomes and welfare for the impact analysis. They provide evidence of significant wellbeing impacts of electrification and mixed evidence for cookstoves.

scholarly journals Study Area Specification in Forestry Economic Impact Analysis: Modifying County-Level Secondary Data

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
John C. Leatherman ◽  
David W. Marcouiller
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Economic Impact Analysis ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
Resource Policy ◽  
Data Files

Abstract One of the important objectives of forest management planning is to enhance the beneficial economic impacts of resource policy decisions. Input-output is one of the common tools planning analysts use to assess economic impacts. This paper presents procedures whereby the county data files for the Micro-IMPLAN input-output modeling system can be adjusted to create economic models at a finer level of geographic specificity than county-based models. Models specified to the minor civil division level can permit closer evaluation of resource policy impacts on regions defined by resource-base rather than administrative or political boundaries. North. J. Appl. For. 16(3):129-136.

Disciplined by the Discipline: A Social-Epistemic Fingerprint of the History of Science

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raf Vanderstraeten ◽  
Frederic Vandermoere
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Publication Practices ◽  
Scientific System ◽  
Shed Light

ArgumentThe scientific system is primarily differentiated into disciplines. While disciplines may be wide in scope and diverse in their research practices, they serve scientific communities that evaluate research and also grant recognition to what is published. The analysis of communication and publication practices within such a community hence allows us to shed light on the dynamics of this discipline. On the basis of an empirical analysis of Isis, we show how the process of discipline-building in history of science has led its practitioners to be socialized and sensitized in relatively strong intra-disciplinary terms – with minimal interdisciplinary openness.

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