Knowledge of students of the exceptions and limitations clause in copyright administration in academic libraries in Ghana

Copyright exceptions and limitations, which allow information consumers the right to use copyrighted materials without necessarily obtaining permission from or payment to the rightsholder, promote advances in the arts and sciences. Poor knowledge of copyright laws results in improper use of copyrighted materials. However, the extent to which academic library users in Ghana know about the exceptions and limitations, as well as their understanding of permissible use of information in the Copyright Act 690, 2005 of Ghana are not known. The sequential mixed methods approach was employed to collect data from 530 postgraduate students from two public and two private universities in Ghana to assess their knowledge of copyright exceptions and limitations, as well as their understanding of permissible use of information in Copyright Act 690, 2005 whilst using the services of their libraries. The study shows that students were poorly knowledgeable about the various applications of the exceptions and limitations clause in the copyright laws of Ghana: students were either indifferent (i.e. ‘neutral’), or ‘disagree’, and ‘strongly disagree’ on whether the Copyright Act 690, 2005 had clauses on exceptions and limitations on various uses of information such as for ‘Private copying’, for ‘Quotations’ or ‘For the benefit of persons with disability’. Over 50% of respondents were not sure that the copyright laws of Ghana had provisions for permissible use of information. Age and gender of respondent significantly influenced these responses: older students 46 years and above, and females, were more knowledgeable compared to younger students and males respectively about exceptions and limitations for ‘Private copying’, and ‘For the benefit of people with disability’ in the copyright laws of Ghana. Policymakers in Ghana should therefore adopt youth- and gender-focus strategies in copyright education for efficient administration of copyright laws in academic libraries.

Article 16—Claims to Fair Compensation

This chapter talks about claims to fair compensation covered in Article 16 of the European copyright directive, Directive 2019/790. It explains the transfer of a licensed right from a publisher, which constitutes a sufficient legal basis for the publisher to be entitled to a share of the compensation for the use of the work. It also describes publishers, including those of press publications, books or scientific publications and music publications, that operate on the basis of the transfer of authors' rights by means of contractual agreements or statutory provisions. The chapter highlights how publishers make an investment with a view to the exploitation of the works contained in their publications and be deprived of revenues where works are used under exceptions or limitations, such as those for private copying and reprography. It cites several Member States wherein the compensation for uses under exceptions or limitations is shared between authors and publishers.

Os Métodos de Controle da Utilização da Obra Protegida por Direitos de Autor

ResumoO objetivo do presente artigo é investigar os métodos de controle de utilização da obra, permitindo assim identificar os atos que restringem a utilização da obra e que são implementados pelas medidas tecnológicas de proteção. Deste modo, o estudo tem o propósito de compreender qual o regime jurídico das medidas tecnológicas de proteção implementado no Digital Millenium Copyright, como também no Marco Regulatório da União Europeia e da Legislação Autoral Brasileira. Assim, pretende-se analisar os impactos deste marco regulatório no regime de utilizações livres, especificamente no que tange ao instituto da cópia privada digital e dos atos de neutralização das medidas tecnológicas de proteção. Palavras-chave: Direito Autoral. Cópia Privada. Ambiente Digital. Medidas Tecnológicas de Proteção. AbstractThe purpose of this article is to investigate methods of controlling the use of the work, thus allowing to identify the acts that restrict the use of the work and that are implemented by technological protection measures. In this way, the study aims to understand the legal regime of technological protection measures implemented in the Digital Millennium Copyright, as well as in the Regulatory Framework of the European Union and the Brazilian Copyright Law. Thus, it is intended to analyze the impacts of this regulatory framework on the free use regime, specifically with regard to the institute of digital private copying and the acts of neutralization of technological protection measures. Keywords: Copyright. Private Copy. Digital Environment. Technological Protection Measures.

Os Métodos de Controle da Utilização da Obra Protegida por Direitos de Autor Copyright-Protected Use Control Methods

ResumoEste artigo tem o propósito de estudar os métodos de controle de utilização da obra, identificando os atos de restrição à utilização da obra implementados pelas medidas tecnológicas de proteção. Assim, pretende analisar o regime jurídico das medidas tecnológicas de proteção implementado no Digital Millenium Copyright, bem como no âmbito do Marco Regulatório da União Europeia e da Legislação Autoral Brasileira e verificar os seus impactos no regime de utilizações livres, especialmente, no que concerne à cópia privada digital e aos atos de neutralização das medidas tecnológicas de proteção. Palavras-chave: Direito de Autor. Cópia Privada Digital. Medidas Tecnológicas de Proteção. AbstractThis article aims to study the control methods on the use of work, identifying the restriction acts on the use of the work implemented by technological protection measures. It intends to analyze the legal regime of the technological protection measures implemented in the Digital Millenium Copyright, as well as, within the scope of the European Union Regulatory Framework and the Brazilian Copyright Legislation, and to verify their impacts on the free use regime, especially regarding digital private copying and neutralization acts of technological protection measures. Keywords: Copyright. Digital Private Copy. Technological Protection Measures.

Private copying levies. Roszczenie od posiadaczy urządzeń reprograficznych z art. 20 ustawy o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych oraz jego przedawnienie

W artykule przedstawiony został ogólny zarys konstrukcji prawnej dotyczącej opłat o czystych nośników i urządzeń kopiujących mających na celu rekompensatę strat majątkowych, których doznają podmioty uprawnione z tytułu praw autorskich z powodu dokonywanego zgodnie z ustawą dozwolonego użytku osobistego utworów. Regulacje te zawarte są w treści art. 20 oraz 201 polskiej ustawy o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych oraz rozporządzeniach wykonawczych wydanych do tych przepisów, opłaty te określane są w anglojęzycznej literaturze mianem private copying levies. W sposób szczególny przeanalizowana została kwestia wymagalności oraz przedawnienia opłat od posiadaczy urządzeń reprograficznych, którzy prowadzą działalność gospodarczą w zakresie zwielokrotniania utworów dla własnego użytku osobistego osób opisana w art. 201 pr. Aut

Remunerated Exceptions

Under EU copyright, certain permitted uses are subject to the requirement that the rightsholders shall be fairly compensated. These ‘permitted-but-paid’ uses include private copying, reprography, and the reproduction of broadcasts that are made by social institutions pursuing non-commercial purposes. A number of questions arise with regard to the concept of fair compensation as a condition for the application of said exceptions, some of which have been discussed in the Court of Justice. Still, uncertainty remains regarding the way in which the requirement of fair compensation has been implemented by the various Member States, the notoriously vague and variably interpreted concept of harm on which fair compensation is premised, and the impact of compensation on the legal nature of uses. This has an impact on how the relevant remunerated exceptions are understood in terms of their legal nature: are they statutory licenses, legitimate entitlements of the rightsholders to compensation, or fully fledged rights of the users who have actually paid for their entitlement to a specific permitted use? Answers to questions like this one are becoming more pressing in the online context where the concept of harm could take unprecedented dimensions, especially with regard to private copying.

CJEU Case Law and the Interplay with Policy and Legislative Action in the DSM

The final chapter tackles recent initiatives for a reform of the EU copyright acquis. In particular, it focuses on a number of selected areas in the proposed Directive on copyright in the Digital Single Market (DSM), which require to be considered in light, not just of existing legislation, but also—and perhaps most importantly—existing case law. These areas are: the ‘value gap’ (‘transfer of value’) proposal, the press publishers’ right, fair compensation for private copying, and licensing of out-of-commerce works. The chapter discusses whether and to what extent the EU copyright reform may be regarded as a ‘codification’ of existing CJEU case law, or rather as a departure from it. Either way, the centrality of judicial interpretation of existing legislation is apparent also in the context of policy discourse.

A Counterfactual Impact Analysis of Fair Use Policy on Copyright Related Industries in Singapore: A Critical Review

In a 2014 article appearing in Laws, Ghafele and Gibert presented evidence on the economic impacts of Singapore’s change in its fair use policies showing a large effect on industries that manufacture goods useful for private copying of copyrighted works and no effect on the copyright industries. As detailed in this Comment, Ghafele and Gibert’s empirical analysis fails to shed light on the consequences of modifications to fair use policies.