scholarly journals Breastfeeding: Biological and Social Variables in Different Modes of Conception

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Paola Pileri ◽  
Ilenia di Bartolo ◽  
Martina Ilaria Mazzocco ◽  
Giovanni Casazza ◽  
Sofia Giani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Ovum Donation ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Breastfeeding Intention ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Skin Contact

Background: Breastfeeding has effects on health throughout the lives of mothers and babies. In 2014 in Italy, 10,976 babies were born through ART (assisted reproductive technology), accounting for 2.2% of annual births. The study aims to assess how both social and biological variables and the mode of conception influence breastfeeding. Methods: This observational study involves 161 pregnancies from three different modes of conception: homologous in vitro fertilization, ovum donation, and spontaneous pregnancies. Neonatal and maternal characteristics were collected from the hospital database, while breastfeeding outcomes were obtained through telephone interviews. Results: The mode of conception did not influence any of the breastfeeding outcomes. Breastfeeding duration was negatively affected by smoking. Vaginal delivery, birth weight > 2500 g, delivery > 37 gestational weeks, breastfeeding intention, and rooming-in are positively associated with the initiation of breastfeeding, while skin-to-skin contact and receiving information concerning breastfeeding are the most significant variables associated with its exclusivity and duration. Conclusions: The duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding are mainly related with information thereon, promotion, and breastfeeding support, but not with the mode of conception. It is essential to adequately support women from the outset in breastfeeding, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.

scholarly journals The impact of coronavirus outbreak on breastfeeding guidelines among Brazilian hospitals and maternity services: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walusa Assad Gonçalves-Ferri ◽  
◽  
Fábia Martins Pereira-Cellini ◽  
Kelly Coca ◽  
Davi Casale Aragon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternity Services ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The World Health Organization recognizes exclusive breastfeeding a safe source of nutrition available for children in most humanitarian emergencies, as in the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite the Brazilian national guideline protecting breastfeeding practices, there are many concerns about protecting infants from their infected mothers. This study aimed to analyze how the Brazilian hospitals and maternity services promote and support mothers suspected or diagnosed with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional and multicenter study which collected data from 24 Brazilian hospitals and maternity services between March and July 2020. Representatives of the institutions completed a questionnaire based on acts to promote and support breastfeeding, the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, and Brazil’s federal law recommendations. Results The results showed that in delivery rooms, 98.5% of the services prohibited immediate and uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact between mothers and their infants and did not support mothers to initiate breastfeeding in the first hour. On the postnatal ward, 98.5% of the services allowed breastfeeding while implementing respiratory hygiene practices to prevent transmission of COVID-19. Companions for mothers were forbidden in 83.3% of the hospitals. Hospital discharge was mostly between 24 and 28 h (79.1%); discharge guidelines were not individualized. Additionally, a lack of support was noticed from the home environment’s health community network (83.3%). Hospital and home breast pumping were allowed (87.5%), but breast milk donation was not accepted (95.8%). There was a lack of guidance regarding the use of infant comforting strategies. Guidelines specific for vulnerable populations were not covered in the material evaluated. Conclusions In Brazil, hospitals have not followed recommendations to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding during the COVID-19 outbreak. The disagreement between international guidelines has been a major issue. The absence of recommendations on breastfeeding support during the pandemic led to difficulties in developing standards among hospitals in different regions of Brazil and other countries worldwide. The scientific community needs to discuss how to improve maternal and infant care services to protect breastfeeding in the current pandemic.

scholarly journals A Potential Relationship Between Estrogen Receptors Polymorphisms, Sperm Function and in vitro Fertilization Success: A Preliminary Study*

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 304-317
Author(s):  
Joanna Talarczyk-Desole ◽  
Mirosław Andrusiewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Chmielewska ◽  
Anna Berger ◽  
Leszek Pawelczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
World Health ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Allele Distribution ◽  
Vitro Fertilization

Background: Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and 2 (ESR2) play an important role in regulating fertility in the human reproductive system. Polymorphisms of these receptor genes have been implicated in male infertility in both Chinese and Caucasian populations. However, studies have produced inconsistent results. Spermatozoa defects that result in conception deficiencies could be related to estrogens, their receptors, or genes involved in estrogen-related pathways. This study aims to explore the potential association between the ESR1 and the ESR2 polymorphisms in relation to semen parameters of Caucasian males as well as fertilization success. Materials/Methods: A total of 116 males were included in this study. Forty couples underwent conventional in vitro fertilization, while 76 couples were treated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Standard semen analyses were performed according to the World Health Organization criteria. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used to determine genotype and allele distributions. Results: A strong association between the ESR1 rs2234693 recognized by PvuII enzyme, genotype/allele distribution and fertilization success was shown. The T allele occurrence was significantly lower in the case of fertilization failure (p = 0.02). Additionally, the TT genotype was absent in the same group (p=0.02). In the case of the remaining analyzed polymorphisms, little to no interdependence of genotype/allele distribution and fertilization success was noted. Conclusions: Apart from ESR1 rs2234693, the study failed to demonstrate that fertilization success was associated with the selected polymorphisms. In most cases, we did not discover a relationship between both estrogen receptors polymorphisms and sperm function.

In vitro fertilization in Sweden: maternal characteristics

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1185-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Källén ◽  
Orvar Finnström ◽  
Karl-Gösta Nygren ◽  
Petra Otterblad Olausson
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Maternal Characteristics

scholarly journals Exposure to Baby-Friendly Hospital Practices and Mothers’ Achievement of their Planned Duration of Breastfeeding.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Y.W. Lok ◽  
Charlotte L.Y. Chow ◽  
Heidi S.L. Fan ◽  
Vincci H.S. Chan ◽  
Marie Tarrant
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Breastfeeding Intention ◽  
Hospital Practices ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background: Both breastfeeding intentions and exposure to baby-friendly hospital practices have been associated with a longer duration of breastfeeding. This study aims to examine the effect of exposure to baby-friendly hospital practices on mothers’ achievement of their planned duration of breastfeeding. Methods: A total of 1011 mother-newborn pairs from the postnatal units of four public hospitals in Hong Kong were recruited. Sociodemographic data and breastfeeding intention data were collected via self-report questionnaires during the postnatal hospitalization and exposure to Baby-Friendly hospital practices were assessed through hospital records and maternal self-report. Breastfeeding status after hospital discharge was assessed through telephone follow-up for up to 12 months postnatal, or until participants were no longer breastfeeding. Results: Only 55% (n=552) of study participants achieved their intended duration of breastfeeding. Participants with higher socioeconomic status, previous breastfeeding experience, and those who had lived in Hong Kong for less than 5 years, were more likely to achieve their planned duration of breastfeeding. Among baby-friendly hospital practices, feeding only breast milk during the hospitalization and providing information about breastfeeding support on discharge were associated with participants’ achieving their individual breastfeeding intentions. After adjustment, when compared with women who experienced one baby-friendly practice, participants who experienced six baby-friendly hospital practices were significantly more likely to achieve their planned duration of breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratio=8.45, 95% confidence interval 3.03 – 23.6). Conclusions : Nearly half of participants did not achieve their planned breastfeeding duration. Exposure to baby-friendly hospital practices, especially in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding and providing breastfeeding support information upon hospital discharge may help more mothers to achieve their individual breastfeeding goals.

scholarly journals Improving Implementation of 10 STSB (Steps to Successful Breastfeeding) through BENEFIT (Breastfeeding Exclusively in Health Facility) Intervention in East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2SP) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Mellysa Kowara
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Critical Management

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang:  Peningkatan cakupan ASI eksklusif dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan 10 LMKM di fasilitas kesehatan. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian program 10 LMKM tahap 1 menunjukkan perlunya penguatan 10 LMKM terutama langkah 1 dan 2 sebagai prosedur pengelolaan kritis (Critical Management Procedural). Untuk menindaklanjuti temuan tersebut maka dijalankan Project BENEFIT untuk meningkatkan penerapan dari langkah-langkah tersebut. Proyek tersebut dilaksanakan pada tahun 2019 hingga 2020 di 5 kabupaten/kota di Jawa Timur yaitu Bondowoso, Jember, Probolinggo, Trenggalek dan Surabaya.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi implementasi penguatan 10 LMKM yang dilakukan melalui proyek BENEFITyang berfokus pada penguatan langkah 1 dan 2 di fasilitas kesehatan di Provinsi Jawa Timur dan bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap penerapan langkah lainnya serta pencapaian dalam indikator menyusui.   Metode: Studi crossectional dilakukan pada 720 responden yang terdiri dari 143 pimpinan fasilitas kesehatan dan 577 ibu nifas (untuk validasi data). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang diadaptasi dari BFHI Unicef/WHO yang mengevaluasi penerapan keseluruhan langkah dalam 10 LMKM menggunakan aplikasi KoBo ToolBox pada periode Juli-September 2020. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan dalam penerapan 10 LMKM terutama langkah 1 dan 2. Langkah 1 yaitu tersedianya kebijakan tertulis pemberian ASI eksklusif menunjukkan peningkatan kepatuhan yang signifikan (66,4 menjadi 72,82; α= 0,015). Sedangkan untuk tahap 2 (pelatihan dukungan menyusui bagi petugas kesehatan dan non-kesehatan) menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan dalam pelaksanaannya (69,5 menjadi 77; α = 0,015). Prosedur manajemen kritis berperan sebagai landasan yang mempengaruhi praktik dukungan menyusui di fasilitas kesehatan. Berdasarkan hasil monitoring dan evaluasi menunjukkan adanya perbaikan pada praktik dukungan menyusui selama perawatan ibu di fasilitas kesehatan seperti cakupan IMD (71,2%) baik pada persalinan normal maupun seksio sesarea, rawat gabung (69,1%) dan praktik menyusui bayi baru lahir. (73,5%). Kesimpulan: Intervensi BENEFIT yang berfokus pada penguatan langkah 1 dan 2 dalam 10 LMKM sebagai prosedur manajemen kritis mampu meningkatkan kepatuhan implementasi keseluruhan langkah 10 LMKM. Sebagai landasan untuk melaksanakan langkah-langkah lainnya, penguatan 10 LMKM terutama langkah 1 dan 2 terbukti dapat meningkatkan praktik dukungan menyusui di fasilitas kesehatan oleh seluruh staf.Kata Kunci: Menyusui, 10 LMKM, BENEFIT ABSTRACTBackground: 10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (STSB) was implemented as an attempt to improve the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in healthcare facilities. Results of the phase 1 Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) assessment necessitated further strengthening for steps 1 which is the availability of an exclusive breastfeeding policy and step 2 which entails training provision for maternal and child health officer. These two steps are regarded as critical management procedures which act as a foundation for the implementation of subsequent steps. To follow up on these findings, Project BENEFIT was implemented to improve steps 1 and 2. The project was carried out between 2019 and 2020 in 5 districts in East Java, namely Bondowoso, Jember, Probolinggo, Trenggalek and Surabaya. Objectives: This objective of this study is to evaluate the implementation of the BENEFIT project and how it affects the implementation of other steps as well as how it impacts breastfeeding indicators.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 720 respondents consisting of 143 health facility leaders and 577 post-partum mothers to validate response. Data was collected using a questionnaire adapted from Baby Friendly Hospital Initiation (BFHI) guidelines by World Health organization (WHO) and United Nations Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF) using the KoBo ToolBox application between July and October 2020. Results: There was an improvement in the implementation of steps 1 and 2. A significant increase in compliance was found for Step 1 (66.4 to 72.82 α = 0.015) and step 2 (69.5 to 77.9, α = 0.15). Subsequent monitoring and evaluation also showed moderate improvement on breastfeeding support practice in health facilities such as coverage of skin-to-skin contact (71.2%) both on normal and section-caesarean delivery, rooming-in (69.1%) and the practice of breastfeeding newborn (73.5 %). Conclusion: The BENEFIT project assisted in the increased compliance for steps 1 and 2 STSB, which further improved breastfeeding support practices by all healthcare facility staff members for other steps. Keywords: Breastfeeding, 10 STSB, BENEFIT 

scholarly journals Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of Chinese women with infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization  with  embryonic cryopreservation :  a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jingxue wang ◽  
qiwei liu ◽  
Boer Deng ◽  
fang chen ◽  
xiaowei liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Tubal Disease ◽  
Nicu Admission ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Abstract Background: To examine differences in the maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of Chinese women with various causes of infertility who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) with embryonic cryopreservation treatment.Methods: Cases were pregnancies after IVF-ET with embryonic cryopreservation; controls were spontaneously conceived pregnancies. Subgroup analysis was carried out according to etiology of infertility. The IVF treatment group was divided into 5 subgroups according to infertility etiology as follows: ovulation disorder, tubal disease, male infertility, endometriosis, and mixed infertility. Data on demographic characteristics, medical history, laboratory tests, and delivery were reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was performed for pregnancy and perinatal complications and neonatal outcomes. The multivariable model was adjusted for potential confounders.Results: Among singleton pregnancies, compared with spontaneous pregnancies, IVF pregnancies were associated with significant increases in the rates of the following: gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (aOR 1.76[95% CI 1.33-2.33]), preeclampsia (2.60[1.61-4.20]), preterm preeclampsia (4.52[2.03-10.06]), postpartum hemorrhage (1.57[1.04-2.36]), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (3.84[1.06-13.94]), preterm premature rupture of membranes (2.11[1.17-3.81]), preterm birth (1.95[CI 1.26-3.01]), low birthweight (1.90[1.13-3.20]), macrosomia (1.53[1.03-2.27]), and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (1.69[1.22-2.34]) in the ovulation disorder group; GDM (1.50[1.21-1.86]), placenta previa (2.70[1.59-4.59]), placenta accreta (1.78[1.10-2.89]), postpartum hemorrhage (1.61[1.19-2.18]), macrosomia (1.60[1.21-2.13]) and 5-minute Apgar score ≤7 (4.09[1.04-16.08]) in the tubal disease group; placenta previa (9.33[4.22-20.62]), small for gestational age (2.29[1.04-5.08]), macrosomia (2.00[1.02-3.95]) and NICU admission (2.35[1.35-4.09]) in the endometriosis group; placenta previa (4.14[2.23-7.68]) and placenta accreta (2.05[1.08-3.87]) in the male infertility group; and GDM (1.85[1.15-2.98]), placenta previa (4.73[1.83-12.21]), placental abruption (3.39[1.20-9.56]), chorioamnionitis (2.93[1.04-8.26]), preterm birth (2.69[1.41-5.15]), and 1-minute Apgar score ≤7 (4.68[1.62-13.51]) in the mixed infertility group. Among multiple pregnancies, most of the differences that were significant in singleton pregnancies were less extensive or had disappeared.Conclusions: Infertility etiology within the IVF population was found to affect maternal and neonatal outcomes among all births. During the perinatal period, infertility etiology appears to be an additional risk factor for abnormal pregnancy outcomes besides the use of IVF techniques compared with spontaneous pregnancies. Higher risk was found for ovulation disorders, and lower risk was found for male infertility.

scholarly journals Effects of antioxidant treatment on seminal parameters in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gambera ◽  
Anita Stendardi ◽  
Camilla Ghelardi ◽  
Benedetta Fineschi ◽  
Rosamaria Aini
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Medically Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Fertilisation Rate

Objective: The aim of this non controlled trial was to assess whether a therapy with an antioxidant supplement may improve spermatozoa quality in terms of number, motility, morphology and a higher number of successful conceptions in patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia undergoing cycles of medically assisted reproduction by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Materials and methods: 32 patients registered at A.G.I. Medica (Siena) medically assisted reproduction centre affected by fertility problems associated with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia were included in the study. Semen analysis were evaluated according to World Health Organization 2010, before and after treatment. Moreover, we used colorimetric tests to assess oxidative stress. After evaluating oocyte fertilisation rate and the quality of embryos obtained, data were statistically analysed. Result: Microscopy examination after the therapy, showed a general improvement in sperm parameters (number of sperms, progressive motility, viability and normal morphology) in both baseline and capacitated; also the levels of oxidative stress was notably lower after the treatment. Morever we evaluated the outcome of the IVF treatment, the percentage of fertilization and the number of embryos obtained, all the parameters was significantly higher in the N1 group. Conclusions: The outcomes of this trial seem to suggest that the administration of our food supplement improve semen parameters and that the evaluation of oxidative stress levels may become a diagnostic tool to assess male infertility in patients undergoing ART cycle.

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