scholarly journals Quantitative Evaluation of the Movement Distance of Deep Fascia and Change of Muscle Shape Related to Chain Response in Fascia Tissue of Lower Limb

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Sugawara ◽  
Mitsuhiro Aoki ◽  
Masahiro Yamane
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Deep Fascia ◽  
Movement Distance

By using ultrasonography, we measured the longitudinal movement distance of the deep fascia (LMDDF), change of the pennation angle (PA) and muscle thickness (MT) in both the tensor fasciae latae muscle (TFL) and the gluteus medius muscle (G-Med) during passive movement of the toes/ankle joints. 21 right lower limbs of 21 healthy males were evaluated in this study. We measured the LMDDF of the TFL and G-Med by measuring distance between the designated landmark on skin and the intersection of the major deep-fascia (D-fascia) and the fascial bundle. We also measured change of the PA and MT of both muscles. Additionally, we also measured the reliability of the measurement and the measurement error. The measurement was performed during three manual positions on the toes/ankle; manual holding of the toes and ankle joint in neutral, toes flexion and ankle plantar flexion/inversion position, toes extension and ankle extension/valgus position. The existence of muscle contraction of both the muscles during passive motion was monitored by active surface electrodes. This study confirmed mobility of the D-fascia in which the TFL’s D-fascia moves and change of muscle shape in the distal direction during no muscle contraction due to passive movement. This fact suggests the possibility that passive tension on fascia tissue of the ankle extends to the proximal part of the limb, i.e., to the D-fascia of the TFL.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Strength and Irradiated Movement Pattern Resulting from Trunk Motions of the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Bahia Gontijo ◽  
Polianna Delfino Pereira ◽  
Camila Danielle Cunha Neves ◽  
Ana Paula Santos ◽  
Dionis de Castro Dutra Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Average Force ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Muscular Activation ◽  
Flexion And Extension ◽  
Regional Muscle ◽  
Dorsal Flexion

Introduction. The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a physiotherapeutic concept based on muscle and joint proprioceptive stimulation. Among its principles, the irradiation is the reaction of the distinct regional muscle contractions to the position of the application of the motions.Objective. To investigate the presence of irradiated dorsiflexion and plantar flexion and the existing strength generated by them during application of PNF trunk motions.Methods. The study was conducted with 30 sedentary and female volunteers, the PNF motions of trunk flexion, and extension with the foot (right and left) positioned in a developed equipment coupled to the load cell, which measured the strength irradiated in Newton.Results. Most of the volunteers irradiated dorsal flexion in the performance of the flexion and plantar flexion during the extension motion, both presenting an average force of 8.942 N and 10.193 N, respectively.Conclusion. The distal irradiation in lower limbs became evident, reinforcing the therapeutic actions to the PNF indirect muscular activation.

scholarly journals Evidence that a higher ATP cost of muscular contraction contributes to the lower mechanical efficiency associated with COPD: preliminary findings

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. R1142-R1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenael Layec ◽  
Luke J. Haseler ◽  
Jan Hoff ◽  
Russell S. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Muscle Energetics

Impaired metabolism in peripheral skeletal muscles potentially contributes to exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We used 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to examine the energy cost and skeletal muscle energetics in six patients with COPD during dynamic plantar flexion exercise compared with six well-matched healthy control subjects. Patients with COPD displayed a higher energy cost of muscle contraction compared with the controls (control: 6.1 ± 3.1% of rest·min−1·W−1, COPD: 13.6 ± 8.3% of rest·min−1·W−1, P = 0.01). Although, the initial phosphocreatine resynthesis rate was also significantly attenuated in patients with COPD compared with controls (control: 74 ± 17% of rest/min, COPD: 52 ± 13% of rest/min, P = 0.04), when scaled to power output, oxidative ATP synthesis was similar between groups (6.5 ± 2.3% of rest·min−1·W−1 in control and 7.8 ± 3.9% of rest·min−1·W−1 in COPD, P = 0.52). Therefore, our results reveal, for the first time that in a small subset of patients with COPD a higher ATP cost of muscle contraction may substantially contribute to the lower mechanical efficiency previously reported in this population. In addition, it appears that some patients with COPD have preserved mitochondrial function and normal energy supply in lower limb skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Effects of Unweighting on Gait Kinematics During Walking on a Lower-Body Positive-Pressure Treadmill in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Kataoka ◽  
Tomohiro Shimizu ◽  
Ryo Takeda ◽  
Shigeru Tadano ◽  
Yuki Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Gait Kinematics

Abstract Background: Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal condition that makes walking difficult due to pain induced by weight-bearing activities. Treadmills that support the body weight (BW) reduce the load on the lower limbs, and those equipped with a lower-body positive-pressure (LBPP) device, developed as a new method for unweighting, significantly reduce pain in patients with knee OA. However, the effects of unweighting on gait kinematics remain unclear in patients with hip OA. Therefore, we investigated the effects of unweighting on kinematics in patients with hip OA during walking on a treadmill equipped with an LBPP device. Methods: A total of 15 women with hip OA and 15 age-matched female controls wore a three-dimensional (3-D) motion analysis system and walked at a self-selected speed on the LBPP treadmill. Data regarding self-reported hip pain using a numeric rating scale (NRS) in which the scores 0 and 10 represented no pain and the worst pain, respectively, under three different BW conditions (100%, 75%, and 50%) were collected. Moreover, 3-D peak joint angles during gait under each condition were calculated and compared. Results: In the hip OA group, the NRS pain scores at 50% and 75% BW conditions significantly decreased compared with that at 100% BW condition (50%, P=0.002; 75%, P=0.026), and the peak hip extension angle decreased compared with that in the healthy controls (P=0.044). In both groups, unweighting significantly decreased the peak hip (P<0.001) and knee (P<0.001) flexion angles and increased the peak ankle plantar flexion angle (P<0.001) during walking. Conclusions: Unweighting by the LBPP treadmill decreased pain in the hip OA group but did not drastically alter the gait kinematics compared with that in the control group. Therefore, regarding the use of the LBPP treadmill for patients with hip OA, clinicians should consider the benefits of pain reduction rather than the kinematic changes.

Anatomy of the sural nerve and its relation to the Achilles Tendon

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Webb ◽  
Narain Moorjani ◽  
Mike Radford
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Sural Nerve ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Lateral Border

Sural nerve injury is a complication of Achilles Tendon (TA) rupture. We dissected 30 cadaveric lower limbs to describe the course of the sural nerve in relation to the TA. At the level of insertion of the TA into the calcaneum, the sural nerve was a mean 18.8 mm from the lateral border of the TA. The proximal course of the nerve was towards the midline such that it crossed the lateral border of the TA at a mean distance of 9.8 cm from the calcaneum. The significant individual variation in the position of the sural nerve in relation to the achilles tendon should be borne in mind when placing sutures in the proximal part of the achilles tendon. Percutaneous sutures should not be placed in the lateral half of the TA.

Effects of magnetic stimulation compared to electrical stimulation on muscle contraction in quadriceps femoris muscle of healthy subjects: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Nakanishi ◽  
◽  
Minoru Tanaka ◽  
Noriaki Maeshige ◽  
Hidemi Fujino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris Muscle ◽  
Femoris Muscle

Background/Aims: This study investigated whether pulsed magnetic stimulation contracts superficial and/or deep muscles compared with those induced by electrical stimulations, i.e., low- and kilohertzfrequency currents. Methods: Eight healthy subjects were recruited and measured the quadriceps femoris muscle thickness using ultrasound imaging, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for stimulation-induced pain during the same stimulation intensity. Results: Pulsed magnetic stimulation increased the thickness of rectus femoris muscle similar to other electrical stimulations, but not the vastus intermedius muscle. Meanwhile, the pain score of VAS caused by pulsed magnetic stimulation was lower than that by those electrical stimulations. Conclusions: These results suggest that pulsed magnetic stimulation is effective for the contraction of superficial layer muscles without stimulation-induced pain but not for contraction of deep layer muscles. Keywords: pulsed magnetic stimulation; electrical stimulation; stimulation-induced pain; muscle contraction.

scholarly journals Design and Feasibility Study of a Leg-exoskeleton Assistive Wheelchair Robot with Tests on Gluteus Medius Muscles

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Huang ◽  
Marco Ceccarelli ◽  
Qiang Huang ◽  
Weimin Zhang ◽  
Zhangguo Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Gluteus Medius Muscle ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
Assistive Robot ◽  
Robotic Motion ◽  
Leg Motion ◽  
Motion Characteristics ◽  
Exercise Efficiency

The muscles of the lower limbs directly influence leg motion, therefore, lower limb muscle exercise is important for persons living with lower limb disabilities. This paper presents a medical assistive robot with leg exoskeletons for locomotion and leg muscle exercises. It also presents a novel pedal-cycling actuation method with a crank-rocker mechanism. The mechanism is driven by a single motor with a mechanical structure that ensures user safety. A control system is designed based on a master-slave control with sensor fusion method. Here, the intended motion of the user is detected by pedal-based force sensors and is then used in combination with joystick movements as control signals for leg-exoskeleton and wheelchair motions. Experimental data is presented and then analyzed to determine robotic motion characteristics as well as the assistance efficiency with attached electromyogram (EMG) sensors. A typical muscle EMG signal analysis shows that the exercise efficiency for EMG activated amplitudes of the gluteus medius muscles approximates a walking at speed of 3 m/s when cycling at different speeds (i.e., from 16 to 80 r/min) in a wheelchair. As such, the present wheelchair robot is a good candidate for enabling effective gluteus medius muscle exercises for persons living with gluteus medius muscle disabilities.

Attenuation of the effect of remote muscle contraction on the soleus H-reflex during plantar flexion

2005 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 1362-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tazoe ◽  
T. Kida ◽  
T. Wasaka ◽  
M. Sakamoto ◽  
T. Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
H Reflex

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Measurement of Dynamic Muscle Behavior for Poststroke Hemiparetic Gait

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Xudong Zhang ◽  
Wenxiu Shi ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Yun Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Pennation Angle ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurement ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Morphological Parameter ◽  
Change Pattern ◽  
Hemiparetic Gait ◽  
Morphological Index

Quantitative evaluation of the hemiparesis status for a poststroke patient is still challenging. This study aims to measure and investigate the dynamic muscle behavior in poststroke hemiparetic gait using ultrasonography. Twelve hemiparetic patients walked on a treadmill, and EMG, joint angle, and ultrasonography were simultaneously recorded for the gastrocnemius medialis muscle. Pennation angle was automatically extracted from ultrasonography using a tracking algorithm reported previously. The characteristics of EMG, joint angle, and pennation angle in gait cycle were calculated for both (affected and unaffected) sides of lower limbs. The results suggest that pennation angle could work as an important morphological index to continuous muscle contraction. The change pattern of pennation angle between the affected and unaffected sides is different from that of EMG. These findings indicate that morphological parameter extracted from ultrasonography can provide different information from that provided by EMG for hemiparetic gait.

Comparison of Selective Local and Global Muscle Thicknesses in Females with and without Chronic Low Back Pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Aboufazeli ◽  
Mohammad Akbari ◽  
Ali Ashraf Jamshidi ◽  
Mohammad Saleh Jafarpisheh
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Lumbar Multifidus ◽  
Sample Test

Background. Chronic low back pain (LBP) leads to long-term physical and psychological problems and may result in acute deterioration of the pain. It is hypothesized that size changes in selected limb and pelvis muscles during contracting movements are different between healthy individuals and LBP patients. Materials and methods. A case-control study including two groups of 30 female participants with and without LBP symptoms was designed. Participants were 20-45 years old (36.7±6.7, healthy subjects; 34.6±6.2 LBP subjects). Ultrasonography was used to estimate the thicknesses of the quadratus lumborum (QL), gluteus medius (GMed), transversus abdominis (TrA) and lumbar multifidus (MF). Thickness changes of the muscles in a submaximal contracting position compared to the rest position were measured. Statistical analysis included an independent t-test to determine the significance of differences, and the Kolmogrov-Smirnov two-sample test to evaluate the normality and reliability. Results. All muscles increased their thickness during contractions. The average increase in LBP subjects was lower than in the healthy subjects. The smaller increase in the muscle thickness of GMed in the LBP group may suggest a weakness because of imbalance in the GMed muscle of LBP patients. Conclusions. 1. Ultrasonography of local and global muscles is an appropriate device for clinical diagnosis of LBP. 2. Strengthening TrA, MF, and GMed muscles for pain prevention is effective in the prevention and treatment of LBP.

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