scholarly journals Features of the Skin Microbiota in Common Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 962
Author(s):  
Iva Ferček ◽  
Liborija Lugović-Mihić ◽  
Arjana Tambić-Andrašević ◽  
Diana Ćesić ◽  
Ana Gverić Grginić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

Many relatively common chronic inflammatory skin diseases manifest on the face (seborrheic dermatitis, rosacea, acne, perioral/periorificial dermatitis, periocular dermatitis, etc.), thereby significantly impairing patient appearance and quality of life. Given the yet unexplained pathogenesis and numerous factors involved, these diseases often present therapeutic challenges. The term “microbiome” comprises the totality of microorganisms (microbiota), their genomes, and environmental factors in a particular environment. Changes in human skin microbiota composition and/or functionality are believed to trigger immune dysregulation, and consequently an inflammatory response, thereby playing a potentially significant role in the clinical manifestations and treatment of these diseases. Although cultivation methods have traditionally been used in studies of bacterial microbiome species, a large number of bacterial strains cannot be grown in the laboratory. Since standard culture-dependent methods detect fewer than 1% of all bacterial species, a metagenomic approach could be used to detect bacteria that cannot be cultivated. The skin microbiome exhibits spatial distribution associated with the microenvironment (sebaceous, moist, and dry areas). However, although disturbance of the skin microbiome can lead to a number of pathological conditions and diseases, it is still not clear whether skin diseases result from change in the microbiome or cause such a change. Thus far, the skin microbiome has been studied in atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, and rosacea. Studies on the possible association between changes in the microbiome and their association with skin diseases have improved the understanding of disease development, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The identification of the bacterial markers associated with particular inflammatory skin diseases would significantly accelerate the diagnostics and reduce treatment costs. Microbiota research and determination could facilitate the identification of potential causes of skin diseases that cannot be detected by simpler methods, thereby contributing to the design and development of more effective therapies.

scholarly journals Relationship between Skin Microbiota and Skin Biophysical Parameters in Inflammatory Skin Disease: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Paola Perugini ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

Many recent studies highlight the importance of skin microbiota for skin health. Alterations in the balance of bacterial flora cause the development of inflammatory skin diseases such as acne, atopic dermatitis, or psoriasis. This systematic review aims to investigate the relationship, in these skin diseases, between skin microbiota and skin biophysical parameters, such as pH, Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL), Hydration (HI) and sebum levels. Google Scholar, Medline via Pubmed, and Web of Science were considered as scientific database to search studies about this topic. Research about acne and psoriasis did not produce any results. For this reason, in this review, only articles concerning atopic dermatitis were discussed. Therefore, a possible correlation between skin barrier functionality and microbial composition was also investigated. So, this could be a starting point for the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis or, more generally, for all inflammatory skin diseases.

Hair eruption initiates and commensal skin microbiota aggravate adverse events of anti-EGFR therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (522) ◽  
pp. eaax2693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Klufa ◽  
Thomas Bauer ◽  
Buck Hanson ◽  
Craig Herbold ◽  
Philipp Starkl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Erk Signaling ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
Barrier Defect ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–targeted anticancer therapy induces stigmatizing skin toxicities affecting patients’ quality of life and therapy adherence. The lack of mechanistic details underlying these adverse events hampers their management. We found that EGFR/ERK signaling is required in LRIG1-positive stem cells during de novo hair eruption to secure barrier integrity and prevent the invasion of commensal microbiota and inflammatory skin disease. EGFR-deficient epidermis is permissive for microbiota outgrowth and displays an atopic-like TH2-dominated signature. The opening of the follicular ostia during hair eruption allows invasion of commensal microbiota into the hair follicle, initiating an additional TH1 and TH17 response culminating in chronic folliculitis. Restoration of epidermal ERK signaling via prophylactic FGF7 treatment or transgenic SOS expression rescues the barrier defect in the absence of EGFR, highlighting a therapeutic anchor point. These data reveal that commensal skin microbiota provoke atopic-like inflammatory skin diseases by invading into the follicular opening of erupting hair.

The role of lactobacilli in inhibiting skin pathogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lize Delanghe ◽  
Irina Spacova ◽  
Joke Van Malderen ◽  
Eline Oerlemans ◽  
Ingmar Claes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Inflammatory Skin ◽  
Skin Conditions

The human skin microbiota forms a key barrier against skin pathogens and is important in modulating immune responses. Recent studies identify lactobacilli as endogenous inhabitants of healthy skin, while inflammatory skin conditions are often associated with a disturbed skin microbiome. Consequently, lactobacilli-based probiotics are explored as a novel treatment of inflammatory skin conditions through their topical skin application. This review focuses on the potential beneficial role of lactobacilli (family Lactobacillaceae) in the skin habitat, where they can exert multifactorial local mechanisms of action against pathogens and inflammation. On one hand, lactobacilli have been shown to directly compete with skin pathogens through adhesion inhibition, production of antimicrobial metabolites, and by influencing pathogen metabolism. The competitive anti-pathogenic action of lactobacilli has already been described mechanistically for common different skin pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Cutibacterium acnes, and Candida albicans. On the other hand, lactobacilli also have an immunomodulatory capacity associated with a reduction in excessive skin inflammation. Their influence on the immune system is mediated by bacterial metabolites and cell wall-associated or excreted microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). In addition, lactobacilli can also enhance the skin barrier function, which is often disrupted as a result of infection or in inflammatory skin diseases. Some clinical trials have already translated these mechanistic insights into beneficial clinical outcomes, showing that topically applied lactobacilli can temporarily colonize the skin and promote skin health, but more and larger clinical trials are required to generate in vivo mechanistic insights and in-depth skin microbiome analysis.

The Skin Microbiome in Inflammatory Skin Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Line Brok Nørreslet ◽  
Tove Agner ◽  
Maja-Lisa Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

scholarly journals The Role of Gut Microbiome in Psoriasis: Oral Administration of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus danieliae Exacerbates Skin Inflammation of Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Okada ◽  
Yoshiaki Matsushima ◽  
Kento Mizutani ◽  
Keiichi Yamanaka
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

Psoriasis is one of the common chronic inflammatory skin diseases in which inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and TNF-α play critical roles. Skin microbiome of psoriasis patients is reported to have elevated Staphylococcus and Streptococcus genus. There are controversial reports about gut microbiome of psoriasis patients, and whether the diversity of bacteria in genus level is decreased or not is still unclear. Moreover, it is not yet known if these gut bacteria would be the cause of the inflammation or the result of the inflammation. We analyzed the gut microbiome of the inflammatory skin model mouse (keratinocyte-specific caspase-1 transgenic (Kcasp1Tg) mouse), by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene. Staphylocuccus aureus and Streptococcus danieliae were abundant in Kcasp1Tg mouse fecal microbiome. These dominant bacteria as well as recessive control bacteria were orally administrated to antibiotic-treated wild type mice, and set up imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation model. The skin inflammation including ear thickness and histopathological findings was analyzed. The exacerbated skin lesions with the elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 were observed in Staphylocuccus aureus and Streptococcus danieliae administrated groups. Our finding suggests that there is affinity between skin inflammation severity and certain gut bacteria leading to a vicious cycle: skin inflammation populates certain gut bacteria which itself worsens the skin inflammation. This is the first report on Staphylocuccus aureus and Streptococcuus danieliae effects in vivo. Not only treating the skin lesion but also treating the gut microbiome could be the future key treatment for inflammatory skin disease such as psoriasis.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Studies in Inflammatory Skin Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 3201-3212
Author(s):  
Urszula Godlewska ◽  
Piotr Brzoza ◽  
Kamila Kwiecień ◽  
Mateusz Kwitniewski ◽  
Joanna Cichy
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Inflammatory Skin ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies together with an improved access to compute performance led to a cost-effective genome sequencing over the past several years. This allowed researchers to fully unleash the potential of genomic and metagenomic analyses to better elucidate two-way interactions between host cells and microbiome, both in steady-state and in pathological conditions. Experimental research involving metagenomics shows that skin resident microbes can influence the cutaneous pathophysiology. Here, we review metagenome approaches to study microbiota at this barrier site. We also describe the consequences of changes in the skin microbiota burden and composition, mostly revealed by these technologies, in the development of common inflammatory skin diseases.

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