An X-ray Tomographic Study of Rechargeable Zn/MnO2 Batteries

We present non-destructive and non-invasive in operando X-ray tomographic investigations of the charge and discharge behavior of rechargeable alkaline-manganese (RAM) batteries (Zn-MnO2 batteries). Changes in the three-dimensional structure of the zinc anode and the MnO2 cathode material after several charge/discharge cycles were analyzed. Battery discharge leads to a decrease in the zinc particle sizes, revealing a layer-by-layer dissolving behavior. During charging, the particles grow again to almost their initial size and shape. After several cycles, the particles sizes slowly decrease until most of the particles become smaller than the spatial resolution of the tomography. Furthermore, the number of cracks in the MnO2 bulk continuously increases and the separator changes its shape. The results are compared to the behavior of a conventional primary cell that was also charged and discharged several times.

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Structural diversity induced by ligand geometry: From two-dimensional to three-dimensional coordination polymers with pyridine

Journal of Chemical Research ◽

10.1177/1747519820968162 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 174751982096816

Author(s):

Fang-Kuo Wang ◽

Shi-Yao Yang ◽

Hua-Ze Dong

Keyword(s):

Coordination Polymers ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Structural Diversity ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Guest Molecules ◽

X Ray ◽

Benzenedicarboxylic Acid ◽

Benzenetricarboxylic Acid

Two coordination polymers with two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures are, {[Zn3(bdc)3(py)2]·2NMP}n (1) (H2bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) and [Zn2(NO3−)(btc)(nmp)2(py)]n (2) (H3btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid), synthesized by hot-solution reactions of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, pyridine (py) and two different ligands in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). {[Zn3(bdc)3(py)2]·2NMP}n exhibits two-dimensional networks with trizinc subunits [Zn3(COO)6py2] stacking with a layer-by-layer alignment, and there are strong π–π interactions involving py from adjacent layers. [Zn2(NO3−)(btc)(nmp)2(py)]n has a three-dimensional structure containing two independent zinc ions, tetrahedral ZnO4 and octahedral ZnNO5. Based on X-ray studies, the coordination polymers {[Zn3(bdc)3(py)2]·2NMP}n (1) have a porous structure with NMP guest molecules. In contrast, X-ray studies revealed that coordination polymer [Zn2(NO3−)(btc)(nmp)2(py)]n (2) had a larger void that was inhabited by coordinated py and NMP. In addition, the form of the two coordination polymers changed from two-dimensional to three-dimensional with transformation of the ligand geometry.

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X-ray microtomography

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100107058 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 998-999

Author(s):

H.W. Deckman ◽

B.F. Flannery ◽

J.H. Dunsmuir ◽

K.D' Amico

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Internal Structure ◽

Imaging Technique ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Tissue Structure ◽

Individual Element ◽

X Ray ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Panoramic Imaging ◽

Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

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Revealing gross three-dimensional structure in the SEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100127712 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 656-657

Author(s):

Sterling P. Newberry

Keyword(s):

Freeze Drying ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Small Object ◽

Final Solution ◽

Dimensional Representation ◽

X Ray ◽

Three Dimensional Representation ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Critical Point Drying

The beautiful three dimensional representation of small object surfaces by the SEM leads one to search for ways to open up the sample and look inside. Could this be the answer to a better microscopy for gross biological 3-D structure? We know from X-Ray microscope images that Freeze Drying and Critical Point Drying give promise of adequately preserving gross structure. Can we slice such preparations open for SEM inspection? In general these preparations crush more readily than they slice. Russell and Dagihlian got around the problem by “deembedding” a section before imaging. This some what defeats the advantages of direct dry preparation, thus we are reluctant to accept it as the final solution to our problem. Alternatively, consider fig 1 wherein a freeze dried onion root has a window cut in its surface by a micromanipulator during observation in the SEM.

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Cover Feature: Non‐Destructive Three‐Dimensional Imaging of Metal Organic Framework Mixed Matrix Membranes using Lab‐based X‐ray Computed Tomography (Chemistry ‐ Methods 5/2021)

Chemistry–Methods ◽

10.1002/cmtd.202100034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 202-202

Author(s):

Anton Jansson ◽

Ignacio Luz ◽

Ching‐Chang Chung ◽

Mustapha Soukri

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽

Mixed Matrix ◽

Three Dimensional Imaging ◽

X Ray ◽

Metal Organic ◽

X Ray Computed ◽

Non Destructive

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The three-dimensional structure of interleukin-1β

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0160949 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 949-953 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

JOHN P. PRIESTLE ◽

HANS-PETER SCHÄR ◽

MARKUS G. GRÜTTER

Keyword(s):

Polypeptide Chain ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Interleukin 1Β ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

X Ray ◽

Three Dimensional Structure ◽

R Factor ◽

The Core ◽

Internal Sequence ◽

Network Of Hydrogen Bonds

Summary The three-dimensional structure of human recombinant interleukin-1β has been determined at 0.24 nm resolution by X-ray crystallographic techniques. The partially refined model has a crystallographic R-factor of just under 19%. The structure is composed of 12 β-strands forming a complex network of hydrogen bonds. The core of the structure can best be described as a tetrahedron whose edges are each formed by two antiparallel β-strands. The interior of this structure is filled with hydrophobic side-chains. There is a 3-fold repeat in the folding of the polypeptide chain. Although this folding pattern suggests gene triplication, no significant internal sequence homology between topologically corresponding residues exists. The folding topology of interleukin-1β is very similar to that described by A. D. McLachlan [(1979) J. Mol. Biol. 133, 557–563] for soybean trypsin inhibitor.

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Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the major peanut allergen Ara h 1 core region

Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications ◽

10.1107/s1744309110029040 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 66 (9) ◽

pp. 1071-1073 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Cerrone Cabanos ◽

Hiroyuki Urabe ◽

Taro Masuda ◽

Mary Rose Tandang-Silvas ◽

Shigeru Utsumi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Citrate ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Core Region ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Monoclinic Space Group ◽

X Ray ◽

Cell Parameters ◽

Peg 400 ◽

Ara H 1 ◽

Peanut Allergens

Peanuts contain some of the most potent food allergens known to date. Ara h 1 is one of the three major peanut allergens. As a first step towards three-dimensional structure elucidation, recombinant Ara h 1 core region was cloned, expressed inEscherichia coliand purified to homogeneity. Crystals were obtained using 0.1 Msodium citrate pH 5.6, 0.1 MNaCl, 15% PEG 400 as precipitant. The crystals diffracted to 2.25 Å resolution using synchrotron radiation and belonged to the monoclinic space groupC2, with unit-cell parametersa= 156.521,b= 88.991,c= 158.971 Å, β = 107.144°. Data were collected at the BL-38B1 station of SPring-8 (Hyogo, Japan).

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Determination of the Three-dimensional Structure of Dislocations by Synchrotron White X-ray Topography Combined with a Topo-tomographic Technique

Materia Japan ◽

10.2320/materia.46.823 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 46 (12) ◽

pp. 823-823

Author(s):

Seiji Kawado ◽

Toshinori Taishi ◽

Satoshi Iida ◽

Yoshifumi Suzuki ◽

Yoshinori Chikaura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

X Ray ◽

Three Dimensional Structure ◽

Tomographic Technique

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Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) of brachiopod shell interiors for taxonomy: Preliminary report

Geoloski anali Balkanskog poluostrva ◽

10.2298/gabp1071109m ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 109-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Neda Motchurova-Dekova ◽

David Harper

Keyword(s):

Synchrotron Radiation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

X Rays ◽

X Ray ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Internal Structures ◽

Efficient Alternative ◽

Micro Tomography ◽

Light Beams ◽

Non Destructive

Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) is a non-destructive technique for the investigation and visualization of the internal features of solid opaque objects, which allows reconstruction of a complete three-dimensional image of internal structures by recording of the differences in the effects on the passage of waves of energy reacting with those structures. Contrary to X-rays, produced in a conventional X-ray tube, the intense synchrotron light beams are sharply focused like a laser beam. We report encouraging results from the use of SRXTM for purely taxonomic purposes in brachiopods: an attempt to find a non-destructive and more efficient alternative to serial sectioning and several other methods of dissection together with the non-destructive method of X-ray computerised micro-tomography. Two brachiopod samples were investigated using SRXTM. In ?Rhynchonella? flustracea it was possible to visualise the 3D shape of the crura and dental plates. In Terebratulina imbricata it was possible to reveal the form of the brachidium. It is encouraging that we have obtained such promising results using SRXTM with our very first two fortuitous samples, which had respectively fine-grained limestone and marl as infilling sediment, in contrast to the discouraging results communicated to us by some colleagues who have tested specimens with such infillings using X-ray micro-tomography. In future the holotypes, rare museum specimens or delicate Recent material may be preferentially subjected to this mode of analysis.

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