scholarly journals Improved Impact Properties in Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Blends Containing Cellulose Acetate (CA) Prepared by Reactive Extrusion

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Beatrice Coltelli ◽  
Norma Mallegni ◽  
Sara Rizzo ◽  
Patrizia Cinelli ◽  
Andrea Lazzeri
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Chain Scission ◽  
Phase Morphology ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Reactive Compatibilization ◽  
Lower Temperature

Poly(lactic acid)/triacetine plasticized cellulose acetate (PLA/pCA) blends were prepared by extrusion at two different temperatures and tetrabutylammonium tetraphenyl borate (TBATPB) was added as a transesterification catalyst to reactively promote the formation of PLA-CA copolymer during the reactive extrusion. The occurrence of chain scission in the PLA phase and branching/crosslinking in the CA phase in the presence of TBATPB, resulting also in a darkening of the material, were demonstrated by studying torque measurements and by performing proper thermogravimetric tests on CA with the different additives. Tensile and impact tests onto the blends prepared at the lower temperature showed better properties than the ones obtained at a higher temperature. Then, the mechanical properties of PLA/plasticized cellulose acetate (pCA) blends prepared at the lower temperature were investigated as a function of the content of plasticized CA in the blend. A range of compositions was observed where blends exhibited improved impact properties with respect to pure PLA without a significant decrease in their elastic modulus. The study of the phase morphology of the blends revealed that the occurrence of reactive compatibilization did not significantly affect the phase distribution. In general, fibrillar CA particles were formed in the PLA matrix during extrusion, thus allowing the preparation of CA fibre reinforced composites. The trend of morphology as a function of the composition and processing conditions was then discussed by considering the evolution of phase morphology in immiscible polymer blends.

scholarly journals Compatibilization of Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA)/Plasticized Cellulose Acetate Extruded Blends through the Addition of Reactively Extruded Comb Copolymers

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2006
Author(s):  
Maria-Beatrice Coltelli ◽  
Norma Mallegni ◽  
Sara Rizzo ◽  
Stefano Fiori ◽  
Francesca Signori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Compatibilized Blends

In the perspective of producing a rigid renewable and environmentally friendly rigid packaging material, two comb-like copolymers of cellulose acetate (AC) and oligo(lactic acid) OLA, feeding different percentages of oligo(lactic acid) segments, were prepared by chemical synthesis in solvent or reactive extrusion in the melt, using a diepoxide as the coupling agent and were used as compatibilizers for poly(lactic acid)/plasticized cellulose acetate PLA/pAC blends. The blends were extruded at 230 °C or 197 °C and a similar compatibilizing behavior was observed for the different compatibilizers. The compatibilizer C1 containing 80 wt% of AC and 14 wt% of OLA resulted effective in compatibilization and it was easily obtained by reactive extrusion. Considering these results, different PLAX/pAC(100-X) compounds containing C1 as the compatibilizer were prepared by extrusion at 197 °C and tested in terms of their tensile and impact properties. Reference materials were the uncompatibilized corresponding blend (PLAX/pAC(100-X)) and the blend of PLA, at the same wt%, with C1. Significant increase in Young’s modulus and tensile strength were observed in the compatibilized blends, in dependence of their morphologic features, suggesting the achievement of an improved interfacial adhesion thanks to the occurred compatibilization.

scholarly journals Modification of poly(lactic) acid by reactive extrusion and its melt blending with acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 794-803
Author(s):  
Tobias Abt ◽  
Mohammad Reza Kamrani ◽  
Jonathan Cailloux ◽  
Orlando Santana ◽  
Miguel Sánchez‐Soto
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

scholarly journals Effect of Dicumyl Peroxide on a Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/Functionalized Chitosan-Based Nanobiocomposite for Packaging: A Reactive Extrusion Study

ACS Omega ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 13298-13312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika ◽  
Akhilesh Kumar Pal ◽  
Siddharth Mohan Bhasney ◽  
Purabi Bhagabati ◽  
Vimal Katiyar
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Butylene Succinate

Morphology, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer/Cellulose Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 972 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Sirirat Wacharawichanant ◽  
Patteera Opasakornwong ◽  
Ratchadakorn Poohoi ◽  
Manop Phankokkruad
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Phase Morphology ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Ethylene Copolymer ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This work studied the effects of various types of cellulose fibers on the morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/propylene-ethylene copolymer (PEC) (90/10 w/w) blends. The PLA/PEC blends before and after adding cellulose fibers were prepared by melt blending method in the internal mixer and molded by compression method. The morphological analysis observed that the presence of cellulose in PLA did not change the phase morphology of PLA, and PLA/cellulose composite surfaces were observed the cellulose fibers inserted in PLA matrix and fiber pull-out. The phase morphology of PLA/PEC blends was changed from brittle fracture to ductile fracture behavior and showed the phase separation between PLA and PEC phases. The presence of celluloses did not improve the compatibility between PLA and PEC phases. The tensile stress and strain curves found that the tensile stress of PLA was the highest value. The addition of all celluloses increased Young’s modulus of PLA. The PEC presence increased the tensile strain of PLA over two times when compared with neat PLA and PLA was toughened by PEC. The incorporation of cellulose fibers in PLA/PEC blends could improve Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and stress at break of the blends. The thermal stability showed that the degradation temperatures of all types of cellulose were less than the degradation temperatures of PLA. Thus, the incorporation of cellulose in PLA could not enhance the thermal stability of PLA composites and PLA/PEC composites. The degradation temperature of PEC was the highest value, but it could not improve the thermal stability of PLA. The incorporation of cellulose fibers had no effect on the melting temperature of the PLA blend and composites.

Effect of cellulose nanofibers from cassava pulp on physical properties of poly(lactic acid) biocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1094-1108
Author(s):  
Thanh Chi Nguyen ◽  
Chaiwat Ruksakulpiwat ◽  
Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Cassava Pulp ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Alkali Hydrolysis ◽  
Internal Mixer

Biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) extracted from cassava pulp were successfully prepared by melt mixing in an internal mixer. CNFs were prepared from cassava pulp by submitting to alkali hydrolysis, bleaching treatment, and acid hydrolysis. The compatibility between CNFs and PLA matrix was improved using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) grafted PLA (PLA-g-GMA) as an effective compatibilizer. Higher elongation at break and impact strength of PLA/PLA-g-GMA/CNFs biocomposites was achieved compared to that of neat PLA. PLA-g-GMA shows a strong effect on the crystallization behavior of the biocomposites. The PLA/PLA-g-GMA/CNFs biocomposites induce cold crystallization to take place at lower temperature. Higher degree of crystallinity of PLA/PLA-g-GMA/CNFs biocomposites was obtained compared to PLA/CNFs biocomposites. The mechanical and thermal properties of PLA/CNFs biocomposites at various ratios were investigated. With increasing CNFs contents, the modulus of the biocomposites increases. Thermal stability of PLA/CNFs and PLA/PLA-g-GMA/CNFs biocomposites did not change significantly compared to that of neat PLA.

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