scholarly journals Optimal Design of Annular Phased Array Transducers for Material Nonlinearity Determination in Pulse–Echo Ultrasonic Testing

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5565
Author(s):  
Sungjong Cho ◽  
Hyunjo Jeong ◽  
Ik Keun Park
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Ultrasonic Testing ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Harmonic Wave ◽  
Harmonic Component ◽  
Beam Model ◽  
Sound Beam ◽  
Pulse Echo ◽  
Focused Beam

Nonlinear ultrasound has been proven to be a useful nondestructive testing tool for micro-damage inspection of materials and structures operating in harsh environment. When measuring the nonlinear second harmonic wave in a solid specimen in the pulse–echo (PE) testing mode, the stress-free boundary characteristics brings the received second harmonic component close to zero. Therefore, the PE method has never been employed to measure the so-called “nonlinear parameter (β)”, which is used to quantify the degree of micro-damage. When there are stress-free boundaries, a focused beam is known to improve the PE reception of the second harmonic wave, so phased-array (PA) transducers can be used to generate the focused beam. For the practical application of PE nonlinear ultrasonic testing, however, it is necessary to develop a new type of PA transducer that is completely different from conventional ones. In this paper, we propose a new annular PA transducer capable of measuring β with improved second harmonic reception in the PE mode. Basically, the annular PA transducer (APAT) consists of four external ring transmitters and an internal disk receiver at the center. The focused beam properties of the transducers are analyzed using a nonlinear sound beam model which incorporates the effects of beam diffraction, material attenuation, and boundary reflection. The optimal design of the APAT is performed in terms of the maximum second harmonic reception and the total correction close to one, and the results are presented in detail.

scholarly journals Second-harmonic generation in focused beam fields of phased-array transducers in a nonlinear solid with a stress-free boundary

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Hyunjo Jeong ◽  
Shu-zeng Zhang ◽  
Xiong-bing Li
Keyword(s):  
Second Harmonic Generation ◽  
Harmonic Generation ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Free Boundaries ◽  
Harmonic Components ◽  
Focused Beams ◽  
Pulse Echo ◽  
Focused Beam

Abstract In nonlinear acoustic harmonic generation in solids with stress-free boundaries, such a boundary is known to destructively change the second harmonic generation, and the pulse-echo method is not practically applicable. Focused beams have often been used for fluid nonlinearity and biomechanical imaging in pulse-echo test setups. This paper considers the focused beam fields of linear phased-array transducers to ensure that pulse-echo harmonic generation can be applied to solids with stress-free boundaries. The fundamental and second-harmonic beam fields that are focused and reflected at the stress-free and rigid boundaries are calculated and their properties are investigated in terms of the received average fields. The phase difference between the two second-harmonic components after reflection from the boundary—that is, the reflected and the newly generated second harmonic—is emphasized. The phase difference is used to explain the improved and accumulated second harmonic observed in the simulation results.

Development of an Ultrasonic Phased Array Testing System That Can Evaluate Quality of Weld Seam of High-Quality ERW Pipes

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Matsui ◽  
Yukinori Iizuka ◽  
Masahito Suzuki ◽  
Eiichi Urahata ◽  
Tomohiro Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Testing ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Weld Seam ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Beam Size ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ultrasonic Phased Array ◽  
Weld Seams ◽  
Focused Beam

A high sensitivity ultrasonic testing system for inspection of the weld seam of ERW pipes was developed. The factors that affect the quality of the weld seam were investigated using an ultrasonic C-scan method with a focused probe and samples sliced from weld seams. As the result, it was found that a scattered-type penetrator consisting of micro oxides is a key factor in the quality of the weld seam. Absorbed energy in the Charpy impact test can be evaluated by the ultrasonic echo amplitude with the optimized focused beam size (about 1mm2) to detect the scattered-type penetrator. In order to evaluate the density of the scattered-type penetrator in weld seams with the optimum focused beam size for pipe, a point focused beam tandem method was developed by applying the ultrasonic phased array technique. The sensitivity of the developed method is 20dB higher for a standard artificial through drilled hole whose diameter is 1.6mm. A precise seam tracking system was also developed for application of the point focused beam tandem method to the actual ERW pipe manufacturing process. Since the allowance for applying the focused beam to the weld seam is very narrow, i.e., about 1mm, a circumference multi-point simultaneous receiving technique and thermal image-type seam detection technique were developed. The developed ultrasonic testing system has been in operation at the 24″ ERW mill at East Japan Works (Keihin District) of JFE Steel Corporation since March 2011. The combination of the ultrasonic testing system and an oxide control technique now contributes to production of high-performance, high-quality ERW pipe “Mighty Seam®” for use in frigid environments.

OPTIMAL DESIGN OF APERIODIC OPTICAL SUPERLATTICES FOR ACHIEVING PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION OR SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION WITH CONSIDERATION OF THE DEPLETION OF PUMPING LIGHT POWER

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 115-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
LI-MING ZHAO ◽  
BEN-YUAN GU ◽  
GUO-ZHEN YANG ◽  
YUN-SONG ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Second Harmonic Generation ◽  
Harmonic Generation ◽  
Light Wave ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Harmonic Wave ◽  
Parametric Amplification ◽  
Fundamental Wave ◽  
Light Power ◽  
Multiple Wavelength

The parametric amplification (PA) and second harmonic generation (SHG) from quasi-one-dimensional aperiodic optical superlattices (AOSs) are investigated in the cases of large, intermediate, and small signals of the pumping light wave. The optimal design of the AOSs is carried out with the use of the simulated annealing (SA) method. The numerical simulations show that the constructed AOSs can achieve multiple wavelength PA (or SHG) with identical amplification (or identical conversion efficiency) at the pre-assigned wavelengths. The variations of the normalized intensities of the PA signal (or the pumping fundamental wave (PFW)) for the PA process with the distance of propagation of the light wave from the interface of the AOSs at the pre-assigned wavelengths exhibit monotonically increasing (or decreasing) behavior. So do the variations of the normalized intensities of the second harmonic wave (SHW) (or the fundamental wave (FW)) for the SHG. This strongly supports the fact that the contribution of each individual unit domain in the constructed samples to the PA (or SHG) is constructive accumulation, favorable for the PA (or SHG) process. The saturation phenomenon of the PA (or SHG) signal is observed.

Automated Ultrasonic Inspection of Pressure Vessel Welds

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Moles ◽  
Simon Labbe´
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Testing ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ultrasonic Inspection ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Pulse Echo ◽  
Inspection Techniques ◽  
Production Inspection

ASME Code Case 2235 now permits automated ultrasonic testing (AUT) instead of radiography for vessels 0.5” (12.7 mm) or greater. Ultrasonic testing has significant advantages over radiography: no safety hazard so no disruption of production; inspection as soon as component cools; rapid feedback; defect vertical sizing for Fitness-For-Purpose applications; tailored inspections. ASME CC 2235 permits a variety of inspection techniques based on pulse-echo and Time-Of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD), provided a Performance Demonstration is achieved. This paper describes a number of AUT systems which fulfill the ASME code case. These AUT systems range from a portable phased array system (Omniscan) for low cost and convenience, through conventional systems based on TOFD (μ-Tomoscan), general phased array systems (Tomoscan III) to premium systems with multiple NDE approaches. With such a variety of technologies and costs, AUT systems can be tailored to the client’s needs.

scholarly journals Application of Fresnel Zone Plate Focused Beam to Optimized Sensor Design for Pulse-Echo Harmonic Generation Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunjo Jeong ◽  
Hyojeong Shin ◽  
Shuzeng Zhang ◽  
Xiongbing Li ◽  
Sungjong Cho
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Generation ◽  
Fresnel Zone ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Nonlinear Parameter ◽  
Zone Plate ◽  
Harmonic Amplitude ◽  
Fresnel Zone Plate ◽  
Sensor Design ◽  
Pulse Echo ◽  
Focused Beam

In nonlinear acoustic measurements involving reflection from the stress-free boundary, the pulse-echo method could not be used because such a boundary is known to destructively change the second harmonic generation (SHG) process. The use of a focusing acoustic beam, however, can improve SHG after reflection from the specimen boundary, and nonlinear pulse-echo methods can be implemented as a practical means of measuring the acoustic nonlinear parameter (β) of solid specimens. This paper investigates the optimal sensor design for pulse-echo SHG and β measurements using Fresnel zone plate (FZP) focused beams. The conceptual design of a sensor configuration uses separate transmission and reception, where a broadband receiver is located at the center and a four-element FZP transmitter is positioned outside the receiver to create a focused beam at the specified position in a solid sample. Comprehensive simulations are performed for focused beam fields analysis and to determine the optimal sensor design using various combinations of focal length, receiver size and frequency. It is shown that the optimally designed sensors for 1 cm thick aluminum can produce the second harmonic amplitude and the uncorrected nonlinear parameter corresponding to the through-transmission method. The sensitivity of the optimal sensors to the changes in the designed sound velocity is analyzed and compared between the odd- and even-type FZPs.

A Model to Predict Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing Signals from a Flat-Bottomed Hole in Two Medium

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 501-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Jin Song ◽  
Joon Soo Park ◽  
Hak Joon Kim ◽  
Un Hak Seong ◽  
Suk Chull Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phased Array ◽  
Steel Specimen ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Beam Model ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Ultrasonic Signals ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
Ultrasonic Phased Array ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Pulse Echo

In this study, the expanded multi-Gaussian beam model is adopted to develop a model to calculate the ultrasonic beam fields radiated from an ultrasonic phased array transducer. Combining this beam model with three other components including time delays, a far-field scattering model and a system efficiency factor, we develop a complete ultrasonic measurement model for predicting the phased array ultrasonic signals that can be captured from a flat-bottom hole in a steel specimen in a pulse-echo set-up using an array transducer mounted in a solid wedge. This paper describes the complete model developed with its key ingredients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document