scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties of Biobutanol as an Advanced Biofuel

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
Michal Obergruber ◽  
Vladimír Hönig ◽  
Petr Procházka ◽  
Viera Kučerová ◽  
Martin Kotek ◽  
...  

Biobutanol is a renewable, less polluting, and potentially viable alternative fuel to conventional gasoline. Biobutanol can be produced from same sources as bioethanol, and it has many advantages over the widespread bioethanol. This paper systematically analyzes biobutanol fuel as an alternative to bioethanol in alcohol–gasoline mixtures and the physicochemical properties. Based on the conducted analyses, it was found that biobutanol mixtures have a more suitable behavior of vapor pressure without the occurrence of azeotrope, do not form a separate phase in lower temperature, it has higher energy density, but slightly reduce the octane number and a have higher viscosity. However, in general, biobutanol has many advantageous properties that could allow its use in gasoline engines instead of the commonly used bioethanol.

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4034
Author(s):  
Paolo Iodice ◽  
Massimo Cardone

Among the alternative fuels existing for spark-ignition engines, ethanol is considered worldwide as an important renewable fuel when mixed with pure gasoline because of its favorable physicochemical properties. An in-depth and updated investigation on the issue of CO and HC engine out emissions related to use of ethanol/gasoline fuels in spark-ignition engines is therefore necessary. Starting from our experimental studies on engine out emissions of a last generation spark-ignition engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels, the aim of this new investigation is to offer a complete literature review on the present state of ethanol combustion in last generation spark-ignition engines under real working conditions to clarify the possible change in CO and HC emissions. In the first section of this paper, a comparison between physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline is examined to assess the practicability of using ethanol as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines and to investigate the effect on engine out emissions and combustion efficiency. In the next section, this article focuses on the impact of ethanol/gasoline fuels on CO and HC formation. Many studies related to combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in spark-ignition engines fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels are thus discussed in detail. Most of these experimental investigations conclude that the addition of ethanol with gasoline fuel mixtures can really decrease the CO and HC exhaust emissions of last generation spark-ignition engines in several operating conditions.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningchen Fu ◽  
Zicheng Lai ◽  
Yuping Zhang ◽  
Yan Ma

The octane number is one of the important indicators in crude oil processing, and it is related to the anti-knock performance of gasoline engines. The loss of octane number in...


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Shahad Mahdi Saeed ◽  
Husham AL.Tameemi

An assessment was made for the impact resulted by the addition of (DO) and (DOA) on the octane number and Reid vapor pressure (RVP) of gasoline with different chemical compositions. The locally produced gasoline had been blended with three different ratios (v/v) of the additives, i.e. 8, 10 and 15%. The octane rating of gasoline was observed to continuous increased and linearly with the addition of (DO and DOA). The DOA-gasoline blends produced higher octane number. The two additives observed that decreased significantly the RVP and CV of the original fractions when blended with gasoline. However, additives were add in (8, 10, 15%vol) to gasoline blend, increasing RON was (0.9-23.9).


Author(s):  
Sherwan Mohammad Simo ◽  
Salah Aldin Naman ◽  
Kanaan Ramadan Ahmed ◽  
Akhmetov Arslan Faritovich ◽  
Lapshin Igor Gennadievich

The feasibility of utilizing petroleum coke as an alternative fuel for cement kilns and other industries was suggesting. The feedstock using in this study are mixture (T-21A+T-5) Tawke and Shekhan PF2 AT residues were obtained from two Iraqi-Kurdistan crude oils by removing distillates boiling point up to 350°C  using the atmospheric distillation unit. The coking processing of AT residues at high temperatures to produce gas, coking distillates and petroleum coke. Coking of AT residues were carried out at temperature 450-460°C and atmospheric pressure, at this temperature, the duration of heat treatment of the feed was 2h. 45 min for Tawke and 2h. 15 min for Shekhan. The choice of temperature and time of the experiments was made on the basis that a lower temperature increases the duration of the process, and at a higher temperature a significant reduction in the duration of the process according to GOST methods, it becomes difficult to obtain the target product with the required content of volatile substances. An increase in the duration of the coking process about 3 hours and more in all cases leads to a decrease in the content of volatile substances. The study was suggested petroleum coke can be using instead of fuel oil on industry effectiveness in cost reduction when switched over from fuel oil to petroleum coke. in the last of this work, after all the measurements and characteristic obtained, two types of treatment scheme were proposed for how to refine these types of crude oils, which give petroleum products with a high sulfur content. The research proposed the technological, ecological and economic aspects of petroleum coke as fuel, including high sulfur content, use as energy in the electrical field (electro energy), and as an alternative fuel for cement production and metallurgical manufacture.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
Haris Numan Aulia ◽  
Zami Furqon

The distillation process in the debutanizer column has an essential role in separating the catalytic naphtha product from the light fraction consisting of C3 and C4 hydrocarbon components, both saturated and unsaturated. The naphtha catalytic product is used to blend gasoline because it has a high octane number. The distillation process in the column produces the bottom product of catalytic naphtha and the top product, which is the feed for the stabilizer column. In order to obtain the quantity and quality of catalytic naphtha products, it is necessary to adjust the operating conditions of the debutanizer column properly so that a product that meets the desired specifications is obtained. The method used is the short-cut calculation method which includes the calculation of the material balance and the determination of the condition of the incoming feed. Data collection is obtained from data in the industry. After calculating the material balance of the debutanizer column, the composition of the hydrocarbon constituents of the feed, the top product, and the bottom product can be seen. From the composition data, it can be seen the relationship between operating conditions and the quality of the resulting product. The higher the column operating pressure, the lighter components will be affected, increasing the C4 minus content carried to the bottom product. The higher the C4 minus content, the higher the octane number of catalytic naphtha, but this also affects the Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) of catalytic naphtha, which also increases. Setting the operating pressure of the column should still pay attention to the product RVP limits, so that product specifications are fulfilled.ABSTRAKProses distilasi pada kolom debutanizer memiliki peran yang penting untuk memisahkan produk catalytic naphta dari fraksi ringan yang terdiri atas komponen hidrokarbon C3 dan C4, baik jenuh maupun tak jenuh. Produk catalytic naphta tersebut digunakan sebagai komponen blending gasoline karena memiliki angka oktan yang tinggi. Proses distilasi pada kolom tersebut dihasilkan produk bawah catalytic naphta dan produk atasnya yang merupakan umpan bagi kolom stabilizer. Untuk mendapatkan kuantitas dan kualitas produk catalytic naphta, maka diperlukan pengaturan kondisi operasi kolom debutanizer yang tepat sehingga diperoleh produk yang sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang diinginkan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode perhitungan short-cut yang meliputi perhitungan material balance, dan penentuan kondisi umpan masuk. Pengumpulan data didapatkan dari data di industri. Setelah dilakukan perhitungan material balance kolom debutanizer dapat diketahui komposisi hidrokarbon penyusun umpan, produk atas, dan juga produk bawah. Dari data komposisi tersebut dapat diketahui hubungan antara kondisi operasi terhadap kualitas produk yang dihasilkan. Semakin tinggi tekanan operasi kolom, maka akan mempengaruhi komponen ringan, yakni meningkatkan kandungan C4 minus yang terikut ke produk bawah. Semakin tinggi kandungan C4 minus maka akan meningkatkan angka oktan  dari catalytic naphta, namun hal ini juga berpengaruh pada Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) catalytic naphta yang juga meningkat. Pengaturan tekanan operasi kolom tersebut hendaknya tetap memperhatikan batasan RVP produk agar spesifikasi produk terpenuhi.


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