scholarly journals Speciation of Main Nutrients (N/P/K) in Hydrochars Produced from the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Swine Manure under Different Reaction Temperatures

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4114
Author(s):  
Jiangbo Xiong ◽  
Shuaiwei Chen ◽  
Jiaxin Wang ◽  
Yujie Wang ◽  
Xiaolin Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Available P ◽  
Available N ◽  
Promising Technology ◽  
Residual N ◽  
Systematic Understanding

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been proved to be a promising technology for swine manure (SM) treatment. Currently, there is a lack of systematic understanding of the transformation characteristics of nutrient speciation in the HTC of SM. In this study, the speciation of the main nutrients (N/P/K) in SM-derived hydrochar produced at different reaction temperatures (200–280 °C) was investigated. The recovery of P (61.0–67.1%) in hydrochars was significantly higher than that of N (23.0–39.8%) and K (25.5–30.0%), and the increase in reaction temperature promoted the recovery of P and reduced the recovery of N. After the HTC treatment, the percentage of soluble/available P was reduced from 61.6% in raw SM to 4.0–23.9% in hydrochars, while that of moderately labile/slow-release P was improved from 29.2% in raw SM feedstock to 65.5–82.7%. An obvious reduction was also found in the amounts of available N (from 51.3% in raw SM feedstock to 33.0–40.5% in hydrochars). The percentages of slow-release N and residual N in hydrochars produced at 240 °C reached the maximum and minimum values (46.4% and 18.9%), respectively. A total of 49.5–58.3% of K retained in hydrochars was residual (invalid) potassium. From the perspective of the mobility and availability of N, P and K only, it was suggested that the HTC of SM should be carried out at 220–240 °C. Compared with the original SM, it is safer and more effective to use the SM-derived hydrochar as an organic fertilizer.

scholarly journals Greener Solution to Waste Corn Stalks and Shortage of Asphalt Resource: Hydrochar Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Novel Performance Enhancer for Asphalt Binder

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Wu ◽  
Chichun Hu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Direct Combustion ◽  
Aging Property

Utilization of waste corn stalks (CS) has seized extensive attention due to high annual output and hazardous impact of piling aside or direct combustion on environment. However, previously there has been a lot of emphasis on improvement of its energy efficiency as solid fuel while limited investigations are available which explore the possibility of applying corn stalks as performance enhancer in asphalt binder. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of employing hydrochar as modifiers in asphalt binder by a series of experimental tests. In this study, two hydrochar were produced from corn stalks by a novel process called hydrothermal carbonization at a different reaction temperature. The two hydrochar and their responding hydrochar-modified asphalt (HCMA) were tested by chemical and rheological tests. Chemical analysis detected the interaction between hydrochar and binder factions, resulting in poor compatibility but satisfying anti-aging property. Even though hydrochar increased the viscosity of bitumen, implying worse workability, and caused poor storage stability, ameliorated performance of asphalt binder at high temperature by incorporating hydrochar was verified by various criteria such as higher performance grade (PG) failure temperature and lower non-recoverable creep compliance (Jnr). Moreover, higher reaction temperature makes hydrochar’s particles smaller and more homogeneous, which results in slightly lower enhanced high temperature performance, more satisfying workability, better storage stability, and greater anti-aging effect of hydrochar-modified asphalt. Eventually, this study provided a promising win-win solution to environment problems concerning corn stalk treatment and shortage of asphalt binder. Further exploration of methods to improve HCMA’s storage stability, real-scale corroboration on trial section and life cycle assessment of asphalt pavement containing hydrochar modifiers will be followed in the future.

Analysis and Characterization of Solid and Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Chicken Feather and Blood Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Agus Kuncaka ◽  
Rizky Ibnufaatih Arvianto ◽  
Almas Shafira Ramadhanty Bunga Latifa ◽  
Munawir Ramadhan Rambe ◽  
Adhitasari Suratman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Solid Product ◽  
Chicken Waste ◽  
20 Nm

Conversion of feather and blood from chicken slaughterhouse waste for producing solid and liquid organic fertilizer excluding composting process with a variation of the mass ratio of feather and blood of a chicken has been conducted. The nitrogen, sulfur, and iron content in the solid and liquid product of the hydrothermal carbonization process were analyzed to identify and characterize the possibility of hydrolysate as a source of nitrogen, sulfur, and iron in soil fertilizer. Feather and blood of chicken waste were introduced to a hydrothermal carbonization reactor with the addition of limestone at a temperature range of 160–170 °C for the preparation of solid and liquid organic fertilizer. According to the FTIR interpretation, the solid product had functional groups such as NH, OH, CH sp3, SH, C=O, C=C, C–O–C, and C–H aromatic. The nitrogen, sulfur, and iron content of the optimal ratio in the solid phase were 4.67%, 1.63%, and 3694.56 ppm, while their contents in the liquid fertilizer were 3.76%, 1.80%, and 221.56 ppm, respectively. The vibration of 478 cm–1 is attributed to Fe–O paramagnetic (Fe2O3) confirmed by TEM images showed the diameter size less than 20 nm indicating the presence of superparamagnetic material.

Thermal behavior of hydrochar from co-hydrothermal carbonization of swine manure and sawdust: effect of process water recirculation

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 2329-2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Lang ◽  
Hainan Luo ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Zhengang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Combustion Behavior ◽  
Water Recirculation

Process water recirculation during co-HTC of swine manure and sawdust changed the combustion behavior of hydrochar.

Distribution and Enzyme Activities in the Soil around the Fertilizes

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3027-3033
Author(s):  
Da Lan Feng ◽  
Yan Jin ◽  
Yu Hong Yang ◽  
Jian Guo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Rapeseed Straw ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
N Release

An incubation experiment was carried out to study various available N pools and enzyme activities in the soil near fertilizers under controlled temperature and soil moisture. Fertilizers added into soil were chemical fertilizer supplied as urea, organic fertilizer as rapeseed straw, and mixture of urea and rapeseed straw in a ratio of 7:3, respectively. 30 days after incubation, NH+4-N, NO-3-N and 1 N NaOH- hydrolyzed N increased in the soil at < 2.5 cm from the fertilizers in two lateral directions, and progressively decreased as the distance to the fertilizers increased. The results indicated the intensive available N release from the fertilizers and easy movement of fertilizer N. Taking into account of dense roots in cultivated soil layers and easy migration of N fertilizers, broadcast application of N fertilizers could be efficient in the middle growing periods of crops. There was neither obvious influence of urea application on urease activity nor significant correlation between urease activity and NH4+-N in the soil. Therefore, it seems reasonable to suggest that urea hydrolysis catalyzed by urease might be fast, unlikely the rate-limiting step in the process of urea transformation into NH4+-N. Further study showed the high activities of saccharase and protease in the soil only at 0.25 cm from the organic fertilizers added either in pure rape straw or mixture with urea. Saccharase and protease on the interface between organic fertilizer and soil could thus accelerate N release of organic fertilizers as available forms through organic N decomposition, resulting in the high available N pools in the soil near organic fertilizers.

Weed Community Composition after 26 Years of Fertilization of Late Rice

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Nie ◽  
Li C. Yin ◽  
Yu L. Liao ◽  
Sheng X. Zheng ◽  
Jian Xie
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
N Application ◽  
Available N ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
Late Rice

To assess the influence of long-term fertilization on weed communities of early and late rice crops, the weed species composition was investigated in experimental plots initiated in 1981 at the Key Field Experimental Monitoring Station of the Reddish Paddy Soil Eco-Environment in Wangcheng, China. The treatments were (1) a control (CK), no fertilizer; (2) N–P, no K; (3) N–K, no P; (4) P–K, no N; (5) N–P–K; (6) N–P–K + Ca, N, P, and K plus lime; (7) N–P + S, N and P plus additional rice straw return; (8) N–P–K + S, N, P, and K plus additional rice straw; (9) N–K + M, N and K plus swine manure. The results indicated that weed flora composition and density were influenced by the different fertilization treatments. Multivariate analyses indicated that changes in the weed community composition were primarily due to soil-available N, followed by light intensity on the field surface, and soil-available P. More weed species and total weed density were observed in the control and P–K plots than in plots in which N, P, and K were applied together. Omission of N application had a greater effect on the weed community than the omission of P or K applications. Nutrients derived from synthetic fertilizers and organic manure or the additional application of lime had no obvious effect on the weed community of late rice crops.

Impact of Soil Nutrient Contents and Spatial Variability in Different Sampling Schemes under the Conservation Tillage

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 316-320
Author(s):  
Si Jia Li ◽  
Yan Nan Sun ◽  
Hong Bin Wang ◽  
Zhi Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Available P ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Available N ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Sampling Schemes

According to the 40×40m mesh, taking the 180 soil samples in both strains and ridges of the demonstration fields under the stalk mulching conservation tillage for 5 consecutive years in Gaojia country, which the area covers 15 hm2 in Li Shu town, Jilin Province. The available N, available P, available K and other nutrition of soil in different sampling schemes have been tested. Based on the platform of GIS and the method of geostatistical analyst, the space distribution's characteristics of the three kinds of soil's nutrients have been researched, which demonstrate each variable corresponds normal distribution, the contents of available N and available K in different sampling schemes vary so much, but the content of available P has shown much more similarity than difference. Through the analysis of semivariogram, the soil nutrients in every different sampling schemes have revealed a moderate intensity autocorrelation and a relative strong spatial heterogeneity, which are affected by structural factors such as soil types, parent material, terrain, climate, hydrological conditions and so on, and they are also affected by random factors, for example, fertilization, cropping system, tillage operation and management. Analyzing the three nutrients in different sampling schemes, which are affected by random factors. Through applying the semivariogram and kriging to analyze the impacts factors of spatial variable in the soil, there are the differences between the two methods.

scholarly journals Improvement of Soil Chemical Properties of Typic Hapludult After Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syariful Mubarok ◽  
Kusumiyati Kusumiyati ◽  
Iman Muhardiono ◽  
Anni Yuniarti ◽  
Santi Rosniawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Available P ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Total P

Tuberose (Polyanthes tuberosa L.) is a potential flowering plant that will be developed in Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia. However, the characteristics of Typic Hapludult soil in Jatinangor , i.e. clay texture, acidic pH, and high amount of total-P but low in available-P cause the tuberose difficult to grow optimally. The aim of this study was to obtain the potential ratio of organic and inorganic fertilizer dosages for tuberose grown on Typic Hapludult. The combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers with different ratios (0/0; 0/1; 1/0; 0.5/0.5; 0.5/1; 1/0.5; 1/1.5; 1.5/0; 1.5/0.5, and 1.5/) were applied. The application of the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers showed positive effects on soil pH, available-P, total-P, and fresh weight of tuberose grown on Typic Hapludult. The application of 50% organic fertilizer + 50% inorganic fertilizer was an effective combination that was able to increase the fresh weight of tuberose up to 9240 g plant-1 or increasing the fresh weight by 39% in comparison to that in the control treatment (without fertilizer application). 

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