Strength and Acid Resistance of Ceramic-Based Self-Compacting Alkali-Activated Concrete: Optimizing and Predicting Assessment

The development of self-compacting alkali-activated concrete (SCAAC) has become a hot topic in the scientific community; however, most of the existing literature focuses on the utilization of fly ash (FA), ground blast furnace slag (GBFS), silica fume (SF), and rice husk ash (RHA) as the binder. In this study, both the experimental and theoretical assessments using response surface methodology (RSM) were taken into account to optimize and predict the optimal content of ceramic waste powder (CWP) in GBFS-based self-compacting alkali-activated concrete, thus promoting the utilization of ceramic waste in construction engineering. Based on the suggested design array from the RSM model, experimental tests were first carried out to determine the optimum CWP content to achieve reasonable compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths in the SCAAC when exposed to ambient conditions, as well as to minimize its strength loss, weight loss, and UPVL upon exposure to acid attack. Based on the results, the optimum content of CWP that satisfied both the strength and durability aspects was 31%. In particular, a reasonable reduction in the compressive strength of 16% was recorded compared to that of the control specimen (without ceramic). Meanwhile, the compressive strength loss of SCAAC when exposed to acid attack minimized to 59.17%, which was lower than that of the control specimen (74.2%). Furthermore, the developed RSM models were found to be reliable and accurate, with minimum errors (RMSE < 1.337). In addition, a strong correlation (R > 0.99, R2 < 0.99, adj. R2 < 0.98) was observed between the predicted and actual data. Moreover, the significance of the models was also proven via ANOVA, in which p-values of less than 0.001 and high F-values were recorded for all equations.

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Experimental Evaluation of the Mechanical Strengths and the Thermal Conductivity of GGBFS and Silica Fume Based Alkali-Activated Concrete

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14247717 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (24) ◽

pp. 7717

Author(s):

Eliana Parcesepe ◽

Rosa Francesca De Masi ◽

Carmine Lima ◽

Gerardo Maria Mauro ◽

Giuseppe Maddaloni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Silica Fume ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Environmental Aspect ◽

Mechanical Strengths ◽

Alkali Activated Concrete ◽

Alkali Activated

Alkali-activated concrete (AAC) could be a solution to use a cement-less binder and recycled materials for producing concrete reducing the carbon dioxide emission and the demand for raw materials, respectively. In addition to the environmental aspect, AACs can achieve mechanical characteristics higher than those of ordinary Portland concrete (OPC) but also an improvement of the thermal insulation capacity. Despite the positive results available in the scientific literature, the use of AACs in construction practice is still limited mainly due to the absence of codification for the mix design and consequently of specific design rules. In this paper, AAC produced by ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) and silica fume is investigated for the production of structural elements and to discuss the reliability of formulations for evaluating mechanical properties, necessary for structural design. The mechanical strengths (compression strength, tensile strength, flexural strength) are evaluated by experimental tests according to different curing times (7, 14, 28, 90 days) in ambient conditions and the thermal conductivity is measured to understand the effect that the material could have on thermal losses for a sustainable building perspective. The results showed that AAC strengths depend on the curing time and the exposure conditions, and the insulation properties can be improved compared to the traditional Portland cement with the proposed composition.

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Ceramic Waste-Based Self-Compacting Alkali-Activated Concrete

Recycled Ceramics in Sustainable Concrete ◽

10.1201/9781003120292-7 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 131-158

Author(s):

Kwok Wei Shah ◽

Ghasan Fahim Huseien

Keyword(s):

Ceramic Waste ◽

Alkali Activated Concrete ◽

Alkali Activated

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Design of alkali-activated materials for a modular green wall and green roof system

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201927404001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 274 ◽

pp. 04001

Author(s):

Maria Manso ◽

João Castro-Gomes

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Mine Waste ◽

Green Roof ◽

Strength Loss ◽

Capillary Absorption ◽

Green Wall ◽

Roof System ◽

Density Reduction ◽

Alkali Activated ◽

Reference Mixture

This study presents the work developed with alkali activated mixtures to be used as component of a new modular green wall and green roof system (GEOGREEN). The aim is to find the most appropriate composition of alkali-activated mixture to maximize water absorption and porosity and also find a good mechanical strength with reduced density. Alkali-activated mixtures were produced using two precursors, mine waste mud from Panasqueira mine (W) and ground waste glass (G) and two alkaline activators, sodium silicate (SS) and sodium hydroxide (SH). A ventilated oven was used to speed up the curing process. Variables as percentage substitution of W per G, molar concentration of SH, cure length and temperature, were tested to identify the reference mixture. After these tests different percentages of aggregates as sand (S), expanded cork granules (C) and expanded clay (A) were added to reference mixture (REF). Results indicate that S25 obtained the maximum compressive strength of 35 MPa after 7 curing days. However, about 30% compressive strength loss is observed after immersion of this mixture in water for 24h. Capillary absorption coefficient can reach to 4,77 kg/m2.h0,5 with C25 and to 4,11 kg/m2.h0,5 with S25. Also C50 enables a 20% density reduction compared to REF.

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Geopolymer Application in Soil: A Short Review

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.378 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 754-755 ◽

pp. 378-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M.S. Abdullah ◽

F. Ahmad ◽

A.M. Mustafa Al Bakri

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Polymeric Material ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

Short Review ◽

The Other ◽

Polymer Concrete ◽

Simple Explanation ◽

Advance Research ◽

Strength Result ◽

Alkali Activated

Geopolymer is a well-known material names by Davidovit’s since 1970’s. The other names of geopolymer is alkali-activated cement, geocement, alkali-bonded ceramic, inorganic polymer concrete, and hydroceramic. In a simple explanation, the termed ‘geopolymers’ comes when the inorganic polymeric material synthesized in a manner similar to thermosetting organic polymers. The development and contribution of geopolymer to the industries are moving stage by stage until today. Since a decades, performance of Geopolymer has been evaluated and tested by researchers in many field. The result published showed the unique bonding between aluminosilicate and alkali solution produce high compressive strength, low shrinkage, resistance toward acid, resistance to fire and etc. Advance research showed the application of Geopolymer in civil engineering works (including structures and geotechnical) also giving a good strength result. To that extend, this paper try to review performances of geopolymer application in geotechnical fields.

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Compressive Strength Performance of Alkali Activated Concretes under Different Curing Conditions

Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering ◽

10.3311/ppci.17016 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anıl Niş ◽

İlhan Altındal

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Strength Performance ◽

Curing Conditions ◽

Standardization Process ◽

Water Curing ◽

Curing Regimes ◽

Alkali Activated Concrete ◽

Alkali Activated ◽

Ambient Curing

This study investigated the influence of different curing conditions on the compressive strength (CS) of the different alkali activated concrete (AAC) specimens at the ages of 2, 28, and 90 days for the structural utilization and standardization process of AAC instead of OPC concrete. For this aim, 100% slag (S100), 75% slag and 25% fly ash (S75FA25), and 50% slag and 50% fly ash based (S50FA50) AAC specimens were produced. Based on the oven-curing (O), water-curing (W), and ambient-curing (A) methods, the influence of 2O for 2 days, 26A2O, 2O26A, 28A, 28W, 26W2O, and 2O26W for 28 days, and 88A2O, 2O88A, 90A, 88W2O, 2O88W, 90W for 90 days on the CS of the AAC were examined in details. In addition, the influence of delayed oven-curing conditions on CS development was also investigated. The results indicated that curing conditions significantly affected on the CS and the water-curing condition could provide a better CS for those of AAC at 90 days. Although, the oven-curing enhanced CS of the S100 specimens at initial ages (first oven-curing applied), delayed oven-curing (oven-curing applied later) was found significant for S75FA25 and S50FA50 specimens. The delayed oven-curing affected more on the CS of the AAC when fly ash content increased. The most of AAC specimens with oven-curing had significantly enhanced the CS at 28 days, but S50FA50 at the age of 90 days decreased. Different curing regimes were proposed for the superior compressive strength values for each AAC specimens at the ages of 28 and 90 days.

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Feasibility study of compost as a partial substitute for fine aggregate in concrete

International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering ◽

10.1556/1848.2021.00357 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Elevated Temperature ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Strength Loss ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Control Specimen ◽

Sem Image ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract In this study, vermicompost is replaced for fine aggregate in geopolymer concrete (GPC). Initially mix design is made for GPC and mix proportion is proposed. The vermicompost is replaced at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% with M sand in GPC. Result indicates the 5% replacement with vermicompost based geopolymer concrete (GPVC) has the compressive strength of 32 N mm−2 (M30 grade) whereas the compressive strength of control specimen made with GPC is 37 N mm−2. Other replacement shows 21 N mm−2, 14 N mm−2 and 11 N mm−2 respectively. The 5% replaced concrete cubes and control specimen are tested at an elevated temperature of 200°C, 400°C, 600°C and 800°C and compared with the control specimen. There is no significant difference observed in weight lost at control (GPC) and GPVC specimen. An elevated temperature, the weight loss is almost 4% at 200°C because of expulsion of water from the concrete. Afterwards only 2% weight loss is observed in remaining elevated temperature. The compressive strength loss is observed at an elevated temperature in GPC and GPVC specimen because of thermal incompatibility between aggregate and the binder. EDX results show M sand and compost contains Si, Al, C, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na and K and it is similar in the elemental composition and SEM image confirms vermicompost contains fine particles.

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Acid Attack on Concrete Containing Industrial Wastes

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY ◽

10.24297/jac.v12i10.5421 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 4398-4401

Author(s):

Shiny Brintha G ◽

Sakthieswaran N

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

Copper Slag ◽

Chloric Acid ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Acid Attack ◽

Percentage Loss ◽

Loss Of Weight ◽

Water Curing ◽

Compressive Strength Of Concrete

In this paper, the acid attack test is conducted on M30 grade concrete with industrial wastes. Here in this study, GGBSand metakaolin are partially replaced for cement and copper slag is replaced for sand. The simultaneous replacement ofthese materials is done in each mix. Totally five mixes were prepared including controlmix. GGBS and metakaolinreplacement vary from 5% to10% in successive mixes. Similarly the copper slag replacement ranges from 20 to 40%. Twotypes of acids such as Sulphuric Acid, Hydro chloric Acid with 1%concentration are used at 28 days immersion. From theresults, it is observed that the percentage loss of weight is least for the mix containing 5% GGBS, 5% Metakaolin and 20%copper slag. And also for the same mix, the compressive strength of 28 dayssulphuric acid curing is11.07% higher thanthe concrete with 28 days water curing. Similarly in hydro chloric acid immersion, the compressive strength of concrete is2.24% higher than the concrete with 28 days water curing. The reason for the acid resistance of concrete is the combinedeffect of GGBS, Metakaolin and copper slag.

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Effect of Vietnamese Fly Ash on Selected Physical Properties, Durability and Probability of Corrosion of Steel in Concrete

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12040593 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 593 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chinh Van Nguyen ◽

Paul Lambert ◽

Quang Hung Tran

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

Steel Corrosion ◽

Strength Loss ◽

Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Nacl Solution ◽

Fly Ash Concrete ◽

Corrosion Of Steel

Vietnamese fly ash was used as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement in the proportions of 10%, 20% and 40%, while the water to cementitious ratios were kept constant at 0.42, 0.5 and 0.55, respectively, for three groups. The compressive strengths of all mixes were determined up to 90 days. The acid resistance of fly ash concrete was examined by the mass loss and compressive strength loss of 100 × 100 × 100 mm3 cubes immersed in a 10% H2SO4 solution. The probability of steel corrosion in the fly ash concrete was assessed by measuring the half-cell potentials of steel bars within beams dimensions of 100 × 100 × 500 mm3, and the flexural strengths of these beams after 300 days of immersion in a 5% NaCl solution were determined. The results demonstrate that the compressive strength of fly ash concrete is reduced at an early age but increases as the concrete continues to hydrate. The fly ash increases the sulfuric acid resistance of concrete. Fly ash additions have only a limited effect on reducing the risk of probability of corrosion of steel in the concrete. The load capacities of 10% and 20% fly ash reinforced concrete beams are higher than that of the control beams after 300 days immersed in a 5% NaCl solution.

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